ISO/TS 18683:2015

Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG as fuel to ships

ISO/TS 18683:2015 gives guidance on the minimum requirements for the design and operation of the LNG bunkering facility, including the interface between the LNG supply facilities and receiving ship as shown in Figure 1. ISO/TS 18683:2015 provides requirements and recommendations for operator and crew competency training, for the roles and responsibilities of the ship crew and bunkering personnel during LNG bunkering operations, and the functional requirements for equipment necessary to ensure safe LNG bunkering operations of LNG fuelled ships. ISO/TS 18683:2015 is applicable to bunkering of both seagoing and inland trading vessels. It covers LNG bunkering from shore or ship LNG supply facilities, as shown in Figure 1 and described in Clause 4, and addresses all operations required such as inerting, gassing up, cooling down, and loading.

Lignes directrices pour les systèmes et installations de distribution de gaz naturel liquide comme carburant pour navires

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Jan-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Jan-2015
• ICS: 75.200 - Petroleum products and natural gas handling equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 67/SC 9 - Liquefied natural gas installations and equipment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 67/SC 9/WG 1 - Equipment and procedures for LNG when used as fuel for marine, road and rail activities
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 19-Nov-2021

Relations

• Revised: ISO/TS 18683:2021 - Guidelines for safety and risk assessment of LNG fuel bunkering operations
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 18683
First edition
2015-01-15
Guidelines for systems and installations
for supply of LNG as fuel to ships
Lignes directrices pour les systèmes et installations de distribution de
gaz naturel liquide comme carburant pour navires
Reference number
ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Bunkering scenarios . 5
5 Properties and behaviour of LNG . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Description and hazards of LNG . 7
5.3 Potential hazardous situations associated with LNG transfer . 8
5.4 Composition of LNG as a bunker fuel . 8
6 Safety . 8
6.1 Objectives. 8
6.2 General safety principles . 8
6.3 Approach . 8
7 Risk assessment . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Qualitative risk assessment .11
7.2.1 Main steps .11
7.2.2 Study basis .11
7.2.3 HAZID .12
7.2.4 Determination of safety zones .15
7.2.5 Determination of security zones .15
7.2.6 Reporting .16
7.3 Quantitative risk assessment .16
7.3.1 Main steps .16
7.3.2 HAZID .16
7.3.3 Establish study basis .16
7.3.4 Quantitative risk assessment .17
7.3.5 Frequency analysis .17
7.3.6 Risk assessment . .17
7.3.7 QRA report .18
8 Functional requirements for LNG bunkering system .18
8.1 General .18
8.2 Design and operation basis .18
8.3 Compatibility between supplier and ship.19
8.4 Prevention of releases of LNG or natural gas to the atmosphere .19
8.5 Safety .19
8.5.1 General.19
8.5.2 Functional requirements to reduce risk of accidental release of LNG and
natural gas .19
8.5.3 Requirements to contain hazardous situations .21
8.5.4 Emergency preparedness .22
9 Requirements to components and systems .22
9.1 General .22
9.2 Available standards for relevant components .22
9.3 Presentation flange and connection .24
10 Training .25
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

11 Requirements for documentation .26
11.1 General .26
11.2 Compliance statements .26
11.3 Design, fabrication, and commissioning documentation .26
11.4 Operational documentation .26
11.5 Maintenance documentation .27
11.6 Emergency response documentation .27
11.7 Training documentation .27
11.8 Delivery documentation of LNG properties and quantity .28
11.9 Retention of documentation .28
Annex A (normative) Risk acceptance criteria .29
Annex B (informative) Determination of safety zones .31
Annex C (informative) Functional requirements .36
Annex D (informative) Sample ship supplier checklist .38
Annex E (informative) Sample LNG delivery note .44
Annex F (informative) Arrangement and types of presenting connection .45
Annex G (informative) Dry disconnect coupling .46
Bibliography .48
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

Introduction
The properties, characteristics, and behaviour of LNG differ significantly from conventional marine
fuels, such as heavy fuel oils and distillate fuels as marine diesel oil (MDO) or marine gas oil (MGO).
For these reasons, it is essential that all LNG bunkering operations are undertaken with diligence and
due attention is paid to prevent leakage of LNG liquid or vapour and to control all sources of ignition.
Therefore, it is necessary that throughout the LNG bunkering chain, each element is carefully designed
and has dedicated safety and operational procedures executed by trained personnel.
It is important that the basic requirements laid down in this Technical Specification are understood and
applied to each operation in order to ensure the safe, secure, and efficient transfer of LNG as a fuel to the ship.
The objective of this Technical Specification is to provide guidance for the planning and design of the
following and thereby ensuring that an LNG fuelled ship can refuel with a high level of safety, integrity,
and reliability regardless of the type of bunkering facility:
— bunkering facility;
— ship/bunkering facility interface;
— procedures for connection and disconnection;
— monitoring procedures during bunkering;
— emergency shutdown interface;
— LNG bunkering process control.
The LNG bunkering interface comprises the area of LNG transfer and includes manifold, valves, safety
and security systems and other equipment, and the personnel involved in the LNG bunkering operations.
This Technical Specification is based on the assumption that the receiving ships and LNG supply
facilities are designed according to the relevant and applicable codes, regulations, and guidelines such
as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), ISO, EN, and NFPA standards and the Society of
International Gas Tankers and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), the Oil Companies International Marine
Forum (OCIMF), and other recognized documents during LNG bunkering. Relevant publications by these
and other organizations are listed in the Bibliography.
It has to be recognized that in cases where the distance to third parties is too close and the risk exceeds
acceptance criteria, the bunkering location is not to be considered.
It is not necessary that the provisions of this Technical Specification are applied retroactively. It is
recognized that national/local laws and regulations take precedence when they are in conflict with this
Technical Specification.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)
Guidelines for systems and installations for supply of LNG
as fuel to ships
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives guidance on the minimum requirements for the design and operation
of the LNG bunkering facility, including the interface between the LNG supply facilities and receiving
ship as shown in Figure 1.
This Technical Specification provides requirements and recommendations for operator and crew
competency training, for the roles and responsibilities of the ship crew and bunkering personnel during
LNG bunkering operations, and the functional requirements for equipment necessary to ensure safe
LNG bunkering operations of LNG fuelled ships.
This Technical Specification is applicable to bunkering of both seagoing and inland trading vessels. It
covers LNG bunkering from shore or ship LNG supply facilities, as shown in Figure 1 and described in
Clause 4, and addresses all operations required such as inerting, gassing up, cooling down, and loading.
LNG Bunkering Facilities
LNG Supply Facilities ReceivingShip
ESD ESD
Shore-to-ship bunkering
Onshore supply
Truck-to-shipbunkering
Onshore mobile supp ly
Ship-to-ship bunkering
Offshore supply
Figure 1 — Interfaces between bunkering facility and supply/receiving facilities
The use of portable storage tanks such as containers, trailers, or similar to load and store LNG on board
ships to be used as fuel is not part of this Technical Specification.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 73, Risk management — Vocabulary — Guidelines for use in standards
ISO/TS 16901, Guidance on performing risk assessments in the design of onshore LNG installations including
the ship/shore interface
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

ISO 17776, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Guidelines on tools
and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment
ISO 31010, Risk management — Guidelines on principles and implementation of risk management
1)
IMO, IGF Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low flashpoint fuels
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 73 and the
following apply.
3.1.1
as low as reasonably practical
ALARP
reducing a risk to a level that represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble,
difficulty, and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the
additional risk reduction obtained
3.1.2
boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion
BLEVE
sudden release of the content of a vessel containing a pressurised flammable liquid followed by a fireball
3.1.3
breakaway coupling
coupling which separates at a predetermined section when required and each separated section contains
a self-closing shut-off valve which seals automatically
Note 1 to entry: A breakaway coupling can be activated automatically by excessive forces or though
mechanical/hydraulic controls.
3.1.4
bunkering
process of transferring fuel to a ship
3.1.5
bunkering installation
piping, process components, instrumentation, and other hardware for the transfer of LNG from the
supplier to the ships manifold
3.1.6
bunkering site
location dedicated for bunkering comprising the bunkering installations, port and jetty, and other
facilities and equipment that should be considered in the planning of bunkering
3.1.7
consequence
outcome of an event
3.1.8
container
portable tank unit
1) The international code of safety for ships using gases or other low-flashpoint fuels is currently under
development.
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

3.1.9
drip tray
spill containment produced of material that can tolerate cryogenic temperatures
3.1.10
dry disconnect coupling
quick coupling which connects and disconnects with minimum LNG release and each separated section
contains a self-closing shut-off valve, which seals automatically
3.1.11
emergency shut-down
ESD
method that safely and effectively stops the transfer of natural gas and vapour between the receiving
ship and supply facilities
3.1.12
hazard
potential source of harm
3.1.13
hazard identification
HAZID
brainstorming exercise using checklists where the potential hazards in a project are identified and
gathered in a risk register for follow up in the project
3.1.14
impact assessment
assessment of how consequences (fires, explosions, etc.) affect people, structures the environment, etc.
3.1.15
individual risk
probability on an annual basis for an individual to be killed due to accidental events arising from the activity
3.1.16
linkspan
type of drawbridge used mainly in the operation of moving vehicles on and off a RO-RO vessel or ferry
3.1.17
probability
extent to which an event is likely to occur
3.1.18
rapid phase transition
RPT
shock wave forces generated by instantaneous vaporization of LNG upon coming in contact with water
3.1.19
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
3.1.20
risk analysis
systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk
3.1.21
risk assessment
overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation
3.1.22
risk contour
two dimensional representation of risk (e.g. IR) on a map
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3.1.23
risk evaluation
procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved
3.1.24
risk matrix
matrix portraying risk as the product of probability and consequence, used as the basis for risk
determination
Note 1 to entry: Considerations for the assessment of probability are shown on the horizontal axis. Considerations
for the assessment of consequence are shown on the vertical axis. Multiple consequence categories are
included addressing impact on people, assets, environment, and reputation. Plotting the intersection of the two
considerations on the matrix provides an estimate of the risk.
3.1.25
risk ranking
outcome of a qualitative risk analysis with a numerical annotation of risk
Note 1 to entry: It allows accident scenarios and their risk to be ranked numerically so that the most severe risks
are evident and can be addressed.
3.1.26
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.1.27
safety zone
area around the bunkering station where only dedicated and essential personnel and activities are
allowed during bunkering
3.1.28
security zone
area around the bunkering facility and ship where ship traffic and other activities are monitored (and
controlled) to mitigate harmful effects
3.1.29
stakeholder
any individual, group, or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by, a risk
3.1.30
tolerable risk
risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society
3.1.31
topping up
final sequence of LNG transfer to ensure correct filling level in receiving tank
3.1.32
water curtain
sprinkler arrangement to protect steel surfaces from direct contact with LNG
3.1.33
white water/mist/fog
mist/fog that will be generated by condensing humidity in air when in contact with cold surfaces
during bunkering
Note 1 to entry: This fog will reduce visibility and can mask minor leaks.
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

3.2 Abbreviated terms
AIS automatic identification system
ALARP as low as reasonably practical
BLEVE boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion
ERC emergency release coupling
ESD emergency shut-down
ESDV emergency shut-down valve
FMEA failure mode and effects analysis
HAZID hazard identification
HFO heavy fuel oil
HSE health, safety, and environment
IR individual risk
LNG liquefied natural gas
MGO marine gas oil
MSDS material safety data sheets
PPE personal protective equipment
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
QC/DC quick connect/disconnect coupling
QRA quantitative risk assessment
RPT rapid phase transition
TLV threshold limit values for chemicals
NOTE LNG is defined in EN 1160.
4 Bunkering scenarios
Selection of the bunkering configuration should reflect the following factors:
a) LNG bunkering volumes and transfer rates;
b) simultaneous transfer of other bunker fuels;
c) possible interference with other activities in the port area;
d) transfer equipment;
e) type of receiving ship;
f) possible risk areas according to risk analysis, which shows distance to terminal, gangways, and
linkspan, etc., which is of importance for third-party personnel;
g) met-ocean factors.
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

Three standard LNG bunkering scenarios have been considered in this Technical Specification (see also
Figure 2). In the base case, it is assumed that bunkering is carried out without simultaneous cargo
operations and without passengers on board and therefore, a QRA might not be required.
In case of bunkering during cargo operations, bunkering with passengers on-board or
embarking/disembarking acceptance is required by all parties (such as authorities, terminal, ship and
bunkering operator, and supplier operator) and shall be supported by a dedicated QRA which shall
address the effects of the simultaneous operations.
NOTE The risk assessment addressing simultaneous operations and passengers as described in 7.3 is to be
carried out as part of the planning and permitting process for the operation.
This QRA are dedicated to bunkering operations for a specific location and shall demonstrate
that the risk is acceptable.
The following scenarios differ in the transfer equipment, the station keeping of both the discharging,
and receiving facilities and storage tanks:
— scenario 1: LNG bunkering via pipeline from onshore supply facilities permanently installed (“shore
to ship LNG bunkering”);
— scenario 2: LNG bunkering from onshore trucks;
— scenario 3: LNG bunkering from offshore supply facilities (“ship to ship LNG bunkering”).
Basically, receiving ships shall be governed by
Basically, LNG storage facilities, trailers, containers, bunker vessels
shall be governed by speciic standards or national/local laws. speciic standards. If necessary, this Technical
If necessary, this Technical Speciication deines additional Speciication deines additional requirements.
requirements.
Figure 2 — Standard bunkering scenarios
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ISO/TS 18683:2015(E)

5 Properties and behaviour of LNG
5.1 General
The properties, characteristics, and behaviour of LNG differ significantly from conventional marine fuels
such as heavy fuel oils (HFO) and distillate fuels such as marine gas oil (MGO), etc. For these reasons, it
is essential th
...