ISO 3058:1998
(Main)Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers
1.1 This International Standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of low-power
magnifiers and gives recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces.
— Single-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´4 (Type A).
— Multi-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´10 (Type B).
— Twin-system magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´15 (Type C), categorized as follows:
a) binocular, normally with a long working distance (Type C.1);
b) bi-ocular1), including those refined with stops or other attachments, for quasi-stereoscopic vision
(Type C.2).
— Concave-mirror magnifiers with front-surface reflectors in powers typically up to ´6 (Type D).
1.2 This International Standard is not concerned with:
— watch-makers' loupes and spectacles;
— single-element, spherical- or cylindrical-lens magnifiers in which either the lens or the lens-mount
rests on the surface of the object to be examined (this includes magnifiers provided with any form of
graduated scale for the purpose of measurement);
— plastic lens sacs, liquid-filled;
— magnifiers intended for the examination of internal surfaces.
Essais non destructifs — Moyens d'examen visuel — Choix des loupes à faible grossissement
Neporušitvene preiskave - Pripomočki za vizualne preglede - Izbor povečevalnikov z majhno zmogljivostjo povečanja
1.1 Ta mednarodni standard določa značilnosti naslednjih vrst povečevalnikov z majhno zmogljivostjo povečanja in navaja priporočila za njihov izbor za namene pregleda površin.
– Enoelementni povečevalniki z običajno zmogljivostjo povečanja do največ 4-krat (tip A).
– Večelementni povečevalniki z običajno zmogljivostjo povečanja do največ 10-krat (tip B).
– Povečevalniki z dvojnim sistemom z običajno zmogljivostjo povečanja do največ 15-krat (tip C), ki so razvrščeni na naslednji način:
a) binokular, običajno z dolgo delovno razdaljo (tip C.1);
b) bi-okular1), vključno z naprednejšimi z zaslonkami ali drugimi dodatki, za skoraj stereoskopski vid
(tip C.2).
ľ Povečevalniki s konkavnim zrcalom z reflektorji sprednje površine in običajno zmogljivostjo do 6-krat (tip D).
1.2 Ta mednarodni standard ne zadeva:
– povečevalnih stekel in očal urarjev;
– enoelementnih povečevalnikov s sferičnimi ali cilindričnimi lečami, pri katerih so leče ali nastavek leč na površini predmeta, ki se proučuje (to vključuje povečevalnike, opremljene s kakršno koli graduirano skalo za merjenje);
– plastične kapsule z lečo, napolnjene s tekočino;
– povečevalniki, namenjeni preučevanju notranjih površin.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3058
Second edition
1998-03-15
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual
inspection — Selection of low-power
magnifiers
Essais non destructifs — Moyens d'examen visuel — Choix des loupes à
faible grossissement
A
Reference number
ISO 3058:1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 3058:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 3058 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 2, Surface
methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3058:1974),
which has been technically revised.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B
and C are for information only.
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO ISO 3058:1998(E)
Introduction
Experience has shown that a lack of familiarity with the principles
underlying the performance, selection and use of low-power
magnifiers is a cause of significant loss in terms of time and effort
and is markedly detrimental to the efficiency of visual inspection.
This International Standard is intended to provide general guidance
on the choice of low-power magnifiers used in the examination of
metallic and other surfaces in order to detect the presence of
imperfections or to assess condition and texture.
As necessary, terms of special significance in the context of this
document are defined in annex A.
iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 3058:1998(E)
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection —
Selection of low-power magnifiers
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of low-power
1.1
magnifiers and gives recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces.
— Single-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ·4 (Type A).
·
— Multi-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to 10 (Type B).
— Twin-system magnifiers of magnification typically up to ·15 (Type C), categorized as follows:
a) binocular, normally with a long working distance (Type C.1);
1)
b) bi-ocular , including those refined with stops or other attachments, for quasi-stereoscopic vision
(Type C.2).
·
— Concave-mirror magnifiers with front-surface reflectors in powers typically up to 6 (Type D).
1.2 This International Standard is not concerned with:
— watch-makers' loupes and spectacles;
— single-element, spherical- or cylindrical-lens magnifiers in which either the lens or the lens-mount
rests on the surface of the object to be examined (this includes magnifiers provided with any form of
graduated scale for the purpose of measurement);
— plastic lens sacs, liquid-filled;
— magnifiers intended for the examination of internal surfaces.
2 Description of types
2.1 In all types of magnifier an illuminator may be incorporated in the lens mount or the stand.
The stand may take the form of a distance-piece, tripod, pillar or other support.
2.2 “Reading-glass” magnifiers, Type A, shall normally be hand held. Type A and B may take the form
of hand-held pocket-size magnifiers.
___________
1) The distinction between bi-ocular viewing and stereoscopic viewing is defined in annex A.
1
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
©
ISO
ISO 3058:1998(E)
2.3 Twin-system magnifiers, Type C.1, shall normally be mounted on a stand, but may be removed
from this for use when access to the surface to be examined is difficult. Type C.2 is, of necessity, stand-
mounted.
2.4 Types C.1 and D provide the viewing conditions required for binocular vision, with the
accompanying extended field of view and depth of focus. The use of Type D shall be confined to small
objects.
3 Magnification
3.1 Magnification shall be stated in terms of linear magnification (see annex A). Where appropriate,
magnifiers of Types A and B shall have the nominal magnification permanently marked on the lens
mount.
3.2 In cases where the manufacturer customarily rates lens power in dioptres, the equivalent linear
magnification shall also be marked. If this is not practicable, the magnification shall be certified in a
written statement.
4 Materials
These lenses shall be made from optical glass or an optically equivalent plastic material which is
dimensionally stable and does not change colour with age.
5 Optical and other characteristics
5.1 Lenses shall be free from veins, striae or other manufacturing defects and also be essentially free
from distortion and colour fringes over the entire viewing area.
5.2 Mounts for magnifying lenses of Types A, B and C shall give satisfactory optical performance and
the mounting shall provide freedom of movement to facilitate examination of the whole surface.
5.3 The focal length or the magnification, as appropriate, shall not depart by more than 10 % from its
nominal value.
6 Conditions governing the choice of magnifier
Hand-held, single- or multi-element magnifiers having a magnification of ·2 to ·4 are adequate for a
wide range of industrial applications. The benefits of easy manipulation and relatively strain-free
binocular vision can offset the reputed advantages of higher magnification, which may be illusory for the
following reasons:
— higher magnification involves a shorter eye-to-lens distance and a shorter working distance;
— short working distances, where only one eye can be used, are a contributory cause of operator
fatigue;
— the field of view is much reduced and hence the time of inspection increased;
— the depth of focus is much smaller and spatial relationships between different portions of the surface
under inspection become difficult to assess.
NOTE – Attention is drawn to annex B, in which the optimum dimensions of lenses covering the range of magnification most commonly
employed in visual inspection are given. Annex C gives some
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 3058:2015
01-marec-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 3058:1996
1HSRUXãLWYHQHSUHLVNDYH3ULSRPRþNL]DYL]XDOQHSUHJOHGH,]ERUSRYHþHYDOQLNRY
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Non-destructive testing - Aids to visual inspection - Selection of low-power magnifiers
Essais non destructifs - Moyens d'examen visuel - Choix des loupes à faible
grossissement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 3058:1998
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
SIST ISO 3058:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3058
Second edition
1998-03-15
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual
inspection — Selection of low-power
magnifiers
Essais non destructifs — Moyens d'examen visuel — Choix des loupes à
faible grossissement
A
Reference number
ISO 3058:1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
ISO 3058:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 3058 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 2, Surface
methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3058:1974),
which has been technically revised.
Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B
and C are for information only.
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
©
ISO ISO 3058:1998(E)
Introduction
Experience has shown that a lack of familiarity with the principles
underlying the performance, selection and use of low-power
magnifiers is a cause of significant loss in terms of time and effort
and is markedly detrimental to the efficiency of visual inspection.
This International Standard is intended to provide general guidance
on the choice of low-power magnifiers used in the examination of
metallic and other surfaces in order to detect the presence of
imperfections or to assess condition and texture.
As necessary, terms of special significance in the context of this
document are defined in annex A.
iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 3058:1998(E)
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection —
Selection of low-power magnifiers
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of low-power
1.1
magnifiers and gives recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces.
— Single-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ·4 (Type A).
·
— Multi-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to 10 (Type B).
— Twin-system magnifiers of magnification typically up to ·15 (Type C), categorized as follows:
a) binocular, normally with a long working distance (Type C.1);
1)
b) bi-ocular , including those refined with stops or other attachments, for quasi-stereoscopic vision
(Type C.2).
·
— Concave-mirror magnifiers with front-surface reflectors in powers typically up to 6 (Type D).
1.2 This International Standard is not concerned with:
— watch-makers' loupes and spectacles;
— single-element, spherical- or cylindrical-lens magnifiers in which either the lens or the lens-mount
rests on the surface of the object to be examined (this includes magnifiers provided with any form of
graduated scale for the purpose of measurement);
— plastic lens sacs, liquid-filled;
— magnifiers intended for the examination of internal surfaces.
2 Description of types
2.1 In all types of magnifier an illuminator may be incorporated in the lens mount or the stand.
The stand may take the form of a distance-piece, tripod, pillar or other support.
2.2 “Reading-glass” magnifiers, Type A, shall normally be hand held. Type A and B may take the form
of hand-held pocket-size magnifiers.
___________
1) The distinction between bi-ocular viewing and stereoscopic viewing is defined in annex A.
1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 3058:2015
©
ISO
ISO 3058:1998(E)
2.3 Twin-system magnifiers, Type C.1, shall normally be mounted on a stand, but may be removed
from this for use when access to the surface to be examined is difficult. Type C.2 is, of necessity, stand-
mounted.
2.4 Types C.1 and D provide the viewing conditions required for binocular vision, with the
accompanying extended field of view and depth of focus. The use of Type D shall be confined to small
objects.
3 Magnification
3.1 Magnification shall be stated in terms of linear magnification (see annex A). Where appropriate,
magnifiers of Types A and B shall have the nominal magnification permanently marked on the lens
mount.
3.2 In cases where the manufacturer customarily rates lens power in dioptres, the equivalent linear
magnification shall also be marked. If this is not practicable, the magnification shall be certified in a
written statement.
4 Materials
These lenses shall be made from optical glass or an optically equivalent plastic material which is
dimensionally stable and does not change colour with age.
5 Optical and other characteristics
5.1 Lenses shall be free from veins, striae or other manufacturing defects and also be essentially free
from distortion and colour fringes over the entire viewing area.
5.2 Mounts for magnifying lenses of Types A, B and C shall give satisfactory optical performance and
the mounting shall provide freedom of movement to facilitate examination of the whole surface.
5.3 The focal length or the magnification, as appropriate, shall not depart by more than 10 % from its
nominal value.
6 Conditions governing the choice of magnifier
Hand-held, single- or multi-element magnifiers having a magnification of ·2 to ·4 are adequate for a
wide range of industrial applications. The benefits of easy manipulation and relatively strain-free
binocular vision can offset the reputed advantages of higher magnification, which may be illusory for the
following reasons:
— higher magnification involves a shorter eye-to-lens distance
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 3058
Deuxième édition
1998-03-15
Essais non destructifs — Moyens d'examen
visuel — Choix des loupes à faible
grossissement
Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of
low-power magnifiers
A
Numéro de référence
ISO 3058:1998(F)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 3058:1998(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération
mondiale d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de
l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une
étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore
étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en
ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques
sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication comme
Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 3058 a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 135, Essais non destructifs, sous-comité SC 2, Moyens d'examens
superficiels.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition
(ISO 3058:1974), dont elle constitue une révision technique.
L'annexe A fait partie de la présente Norme internationale. Les annexes
B et C sont données uniquement à titre d'information.
© ISO 1998
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publi-
cation ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord
écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO ISO 3058:1998(F)
Introduction
Il a été constaté que le manque de familiarité concernant les principes
fondamentaux de performance du choix et de l’emploi des loupes à faible
grossissement est la cause d’une perte significative de temps et d’efforts
nuisibles à l’efficacité de l’inspection visuelle.
L’objet de la présente Norme internationale est de fournir un guide général
concernant le choix des loupes à faible grossissement, utilisées pour
l'examen des surfaces métalliques ou autres, afin de détecter la présence
des anomalies ou d’en évaluer la condition et la texture.
Le cas échéant, les termes d’une signification particulière, pris dans le
contexte de la présente Norme internationale, sont définis dans l'annexe A.
iii
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©
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO ISO 3058:1998(F)
Essais non destructifs — Moyens d'examen visuel — Choix
des loupes à faible grossissement
1 Domaine d’application
1.1 La présente Norme internationale spécifie les caractéristiques des types suivants de loupes à faible
grossissement, leur choix est recommandé pour l’examen des surfaces.
— Les loupes à élément unique grossissant jusqu’à 4 fois (type A).
— Les loupes à éléments multiples grossissant jusqu’à 10 fois (type B).
— Les loupes à système jumelé grossissant jusqu’à 15 fois (type C) sont catégorisées de la façon suivante:
a) Loupes binoculaires ayant normalement une longue distance de fonctionnement (type C.1);
1)
b) Loupes «bi-oculaires» comprenant également celles de butées ou d’autres accessoires pour une vision
quasi stéréoscopiques (type C.2).
— Les loupes miroirs concaves à réflecteurs d’une surface frontale grossissant jusqu’à 6 fois (type D).
1.2 La Norme internationale ne traite pas les points suivants:
— les loupes et verres de lunettes d’horloger;
— les lentilles des loupes élément simple sphériques ou cylindriques où la monture de la lentille est posée sur la
surface de l’objet à examiner (comprenant toutes les loupes pourvues d’une échelle graduée quelconque pour
mesurer);
— les sacs en plastique contenant un liquide pour lentilles;
— les loupes dont le but est l’examen des surfaces internes.
2 Description des différents types de loupes
2.1 À tous les types de loupes, un dispositif d’éclairage peut être incorporé dans la monture ou sur le support.
Le support peut prendre la forme d’un objet à distance, un trépied, un pilier ou un autre support.
2.2 Les loupes «lunettes» du type A sont normalement portatives. Les types A et B sont des loupes portatives de
poche.
___________
1) La distinction entre la vision bi-oculaire et la vision stéréoscopique est définie dans l'annexe A.
1
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©
ISO
ISO 3058:1998(F)
2.3 Les loupes à système jumelé du type C.1 sont normalement montées sur un support, mais peuvent être
démontées lorsque l’accès à la surface présente une difficulté lors de l’examen. Par nécessité, le type C.2 est
monté sur un support.
2.4 Les types C.1 et D fournissent les conditions requises pour une vision binoculaire, avec un champ de vision
agrandi et une mise au point profonde. Le type D est restreint à de petits objets.
3 Grossissement
3.1 Le grossissement doit être stipulé aux termes d’un grossissement linéaire (voir annexe A). Situées au bon
endroit, les loupes des types A et B doivent avoir un grossissement nominal marqué en permanence sur la monture
de la lentille.
3.2 Dans les cas où le fabricant évalue habituellement la puissance de la lentille en dioptries, le grossissement
linéaire équivalent doit aussi être marqué. Si cela ne semble pas pratique, le grossissement doit être certifié par une
déclaration écrite.
4 Matériaux
Les lentilles doivent être fabriquées en verre optique ou en une matière plastique optique équivalente avec des
dimensions stables ne changeant pas de couleur avec l’âge.
5 Caractéristiques optiques et autres
5.1 Les lentilles doivent être sans veines, striures ou autres défauts de fabrication et doivent être essentiellement
sans déformation et sans bordure en couleur dans la surface entière de vision.
5.2 Les montures des loupes des types A, B et C doivent satisfaire la performance optique en laissant toute liberté
du mouvement qui facilitera l’examen sur toute la surface.
5.3 La distance focale, ou le grossissement selon le cas, ne doit pas s’écarter de plus de 10 % de sa valeur
nominale.
6 Conditions régissant le choix d’une loupe
Les loupes portatives, à élément unique ou à éléments multiples ayant un grossissement de 2 fois à 4 fois, sont
acceptables pour une gamme variée d’applications industrielles. Les bénéfices d’une manipulation facile
relativement sans contrainte de la vision binoculaire peuvent compenser les avantages d’une bonne réputation d’un
grossissement supérieur qui peuvent être illusoires pour les raisons suivantes:
— un grossissement supérieur entraîne une diminution de la distance oeil-lentille et une distance de travail plus
courte;
— les distances de travail courtes, pour lesquelles un seul oeil peut être utilisé, contribuent à la fatigue de
l’opérateur;
— le champ de vision est beaucoup plus réduit dès que la durée de l’inspection est augmentée;
— lors de l'examen de la surface, la profondeur de mise au point est beaucoup plus petite, ce qui rendra plus
difficile l’évaluation des rapports dans l’espace des différentes parties.
NOTE — À noter que, dans l'annexe B, les dimensions optimales des lentilles couvrent la gamme des grossissements les
plus souvent utilisés pour l’inspection visuelle. L’annexe C fournit quelques notes sur l’emploi des
...
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