19.100 - Non-destructive testing
ICS 19.100 Details
Non-destructive testing
Zerstorungsfreie Prufungen
Essais non destructifs
Neporušitveno preskušanje
General Information
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This document specifies the general principles required for leak detection by acoustic emission testing (AT). It is addressed to the application of the methodology on structures and components, where a leak flow as a result of pressure differences appears and generates acoustic emission (AE). It describes phenomena of the AE generation and influence of the nature of fluids, shape of the gap, wave propagation and environment. The different application techniques, instrumentation and presentation of AE results are discussed. Also included are guidelines for the preparation of application documents which describe specific requirements for the application of the acoustic emission testing. Annex A gives procedures for some leak-testing applications.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard32 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test procedure for determination of the size of industrial radiographic gamma sources of 0,5 mm or greater, made from the radionuclides Iridium 192, Ytterbium 169, Selenium 75 or Cobalt 60, by a radiography method with X-rays. The source size of a gamma radiation source is an important factor which affects the image quality of gamma ray images. The source size is determined with an accuracy of ±10 % but typically not better than ±0,1 mm. The source size is provided by the manufacturer as the mechanical dimension of the source insert. A measurement can be required if the manufacturing process is validated or monitored after implementation of the source into the holder. This document can be used for other radionuclides after validation. The standard test method ASTM E1114 provides further information on the measurement of the Ir-192 source size, the characterization of the source shape, and its correct assembly and packaging.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, and manufacture of a steel step wedge standard block for the setting of an ultrasonic instrument.
- Draft9 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, and manufacture of a steel step wedge standard block for the setting of an ultrasonic instrument.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document addresses ultrasonic test systems implementing array probes, for contact technique (with or without wedge) or for immersion technique, with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz.
This document provides methods and acceptance criteria for determining the compliance of the complete system (see 3.2). Its purpose is for the verification of the correct operation of the system prior to testing or verification of the absence of degradation of the system.
The methods are not intended to prove the suitability of the system for particular applications but are intended to prove the capability of the complete system (used for an application) to operate correctly according to the settings used. Tests can be performed on individual ultrasonic beams (for phased array technique, see 9.4.4) or on resulting images (for phased array technique and total focusing technique, see 9.4.3).
The tests can be limited to the functions that are intended to be used for a certain application.
This document does not cover the sensitivity setting of the system for a specific application. Nor does it apply to the characterization or verification of the mechanical scanning equipment. It is intended that these items will be covered by the test procedure.
This document does not address the phased array technique using tandem technique.
The characterization of beams, as recommended in case of dead elements or for more in-depth knowledge of the beams, is presented in Annex A. It is not applicable for signal processing technology using arrays.
NOTE Unless stated otherwise, in this document ‘TFM’ and ‘TFM technique’ refer to the total focusing technique as defined in ISO 23243, and to related techniques, see for example ISO 23865 and ISO 23234.
- Draft38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1 000 kV X-ray voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and can be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used. The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. Compared to the other methods specified in the EN 12543 series and the ISO 32543 series, this method allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode). This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a “pinhole” technique and evaluated with a digital method. For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the specific FS (focal spot) values of Annex A can be used.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard15 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document addresses ultrasonic test systems implementing array probes, for contact technique (with or without wedge) or for immersion technique, with centre frequencies in the range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz. This document provides methods and acceptance criteria for determining the compliance of the complete system (see 3.2). Its purpose is for the verification of the correct operation of the system prior to testing or verification of the absence of degradation of the system. The methods are not intended to prove the suitability of the system for particular applications but are intended to prove the capability of the complete system (used for an application) to operate correctly according to the settings used. Tests can be performed on individual ultrasonic beams (for phased array technique, see 9.4.4) or on resulting images (for phased array technique and total focusing technique, see 9.4.3). The tests can be limited to the functions that are intended to be used for a certain application. This document does not cover the sensitivity setting of the system for a specific application. Nor does it apply to the characterization or verification of the mechanical scanning equipment. It is intended that these items will be covered by the test procedure. This document does not address the phased array technique using tandem technique. The characterization of beams, as recommended in case of dead elements or for more in-depth knowledge of the beams, is presented in Annex A. It is not applicable for signal processing technology using arrays. NOTE Unless stated otherwise, in this document ‘TFM’ and ‘TFM technique’ refer to the total focusing technique as defined in ISO 23243, and to related techniques, see for example ISO 23865 and ISO 23234.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for testing principles and systems to produce comparable results with regard to location, type and size of discontinuities in rails. This document does not aim to give any guidelines for managing the result of ultrasonic rail testing. This document only applies to flat bottom (Vignole) railway rail profile 43 kg/m and above. This document only applies to continuous testing of rails installed in track for detecting internal discontinuities. This document only applies to testing equipment fitted to dedicated test vehicles or manually propelled devices. This document treats welded joints as plain rail. This document does not define the requirements for vehicle acceptance. This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of rails in a production plant.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The function of an industrial radiographic illuminator is to provide sufficient diffuse light for viewing
of developed radiographic films (radiographs).
This document specifies the minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for
viewing radiographs.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes the testing methodology based on acoustic emission (AE) for atmospheric and low-pressure (less than or equal to 50 kPa on top of the tank) metallic storage tank floors and the classification system to be used for test results. This document applies to acoustic emission testing (AT) for corrosion severity of atmospheric metal storage tank floors. The technique is limited to tank floors made of construction steel and relies on an active corrosion process. It applies only in cases where corrosion of the floor is the governing damage mechanism. Good results will be obtained providing corrosion conditions have not changed.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The function of an industrial radiographic illuminator is to provide sufficient diffuse light for viewing of developed radiographic films (radiographs).
This document specifies the minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing radiographs.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an acoustic emission testing (AT) technique for metallic pressure equipment and the classification and evaluation of results. This document applies to acoustic emission (AE) detection and monitoring of active sources of newly manufactured and in-service metallic pressure equipment. This document does not apply to leak detection and in-service monitoring using AE. This testing method is not intended to be a stand-alone method for testing and evaluation of the pressure equipment. Other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods may be used to verify and supplement the AT results.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The function of an industrial radiographic illuminator is to provide sufficient diffuse light for viewing of developed radiographic films (radiographs). This document specifies the minimum requirements for industrial radiographic illuminators used for viewing radiographs.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a concept of application of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines. Materials considered are carbon steel and stainless steel. This document does not include principles and criteria for underground facilities and the phased-array ultrasonic guided-wave testing scheme. Furthermore, this document consists of an optimized process to draw reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases. This document provides guidance on the use of phased-array guided-wave testing for various types of inaccessible structures, including buried pipelines made of carbon steel and stainless steel. The methodology outlined in this document includes an optimized process for achieving reliable test results on inaccessible pipe cases, with adjustments made to the beam pattern of the GW's focus location based on the defect type, location, and frequency. The process also takes into consideration the distribution diagram of the guided waves and the characteristics of the selected mode, with optimal focusing and steering achieved by adjusting the excitation time delay for each transducer based on the number of circumferential arrangement intervals of a given array probe.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the procedures of visual testing and ultrasonic testing of rail welds in track for rail profiles meeting the requirements of EN 13674-1.
This document specifies the principles for testing procedures for manufactured welds. This document defines the procedure for joint welds and repair welds. This document does not define the number of welds to be tested.
This document is not concerned with the approval of the welding procedure.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the necessary system hardware components, the characteristics, the component requirements and conditions for the application of robotic ultrasonic test systems. This document specifies the general requirements and acceptance criteria for robotic ultrasonic test systems. This document is applicable to robotic ultrasonic test systems composed of one or more robot(s). Some of the characteristics of a robot ultrasonic testing system can be application-specific. This document is applicable to conventional straight-beam probes and immersion technique. This document is also applicable for phased array equipment, but additional tests can be necessary.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method for integrated performance parameters specified in ISO 18251-1 of an infrared (IR) imaging system and related equipment used in non-destructive testing (NDT). It also aims to assist the user in the selection of an appropriate system for a particular testing task.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Amendment6 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements for in-service acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. It relates to detection, location and grading of AE sources with application to metallic pressure equipment and other structures such as bridges, bridge ropes, cranes, storage tanks, pipelines, wind turbine towers, marine applications, offshore structures. The monitoring can be periodic, temporary or continuous, on site or remote-controlled, supervised or automated. The objectives of AE monitoring are to define regions which are acoustically active as a result of damage or defect evolution.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method and establishes guidelines for non-destructive testing using active thermography with laser excitation.
Active thermography with laser excitation is mainly applicable, but not limited, to different materials (e.g. composites, metals, ceramics) and to:
- the detection of surface-breaking discontinuities, particularly cracks;
- the detection of discontinuities located just below the surface or below coatings with an efficiency that diminishes rapidly with a few mm depth;
- the detection of disbonds and delamination parallel to the examined surface;
- the measurement of thermal material properties, like thermal diffusivity;
- the measurement of coating thickness.
The requirements for the equipment, for the verification of the system, for the surface condition of the test object, for the scanning conditions, for the recording, the processing and the interpretation of the results are specified. This document does not apply to the definition of acceptance criteria.
Active thermography with laser excitation can be applied in industrial production as well as in maintenance and repair (vehicle parts, engine parts, power plant, aerospace, etc.).
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, manufacture and methods of
use for calibration block No. 2 for setting and checking ultrasonic test equipment.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by welding, rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes.
The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the cladding and in the region of the interface.
This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the functional characteristics of multi-channel ultrasonic phased array
instruments used for array probes and provides methods for their measurement and verification.
This document is also applicable to ultrasonic phased array instruments in automated systems; but
other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. When the phased array instrument is a
part of an automated system, the acceptance criteria can be modified by agreement between the parties
involved.
This document also can partly be applicable to FMC instruments and TFM instruments.
This document gives the extent of the verification and defines acceptance criteria within a frequency
range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the dimensions, material, manufacture and methods of use for calibration block No. 2 for setting and checking ultrasonic test equipment.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard describes acoustic emission (AE) monitoring for in service detection, location and grading of AE sources with application to metallic pressure equipment and structures. The monitoring can be periodic, temporary or continuous, on site or remote controlled, supervised or automated. The objectives of AE monitoring are to define regions which are acoustically active as a result of damage or defect evolution.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document determines the guidelines and the specifications for non-destructive testing using active thermography with laser excitation.
Active thermography with laser excitation is mainly applicable, but not limited to different materials (e.g. composites, metals, ceramics) and to:
- the detection of surface-breaking discontinuities, particularly cracks;
- the detection of discontinuities located just below the surface or below coatings with an efficiency that diminishes rapidly with a few mm depth;
- the detection of disbonds and delamination parallel to the examined surface;
- the measurement of thermal material properties, like thermal diffusivity;
- the measurement of coating thickness.
The requirements for the equipment, for the verification of the system, for the surface condition of the part to be tested, for the scanning conditions, for the recording, the processing and the interpretation of the results are specified. Acceptance criteria are not defined.
Active thermography with laser excitation can be applied in industrial production as well as in maintenance and repair (vehicle parts, engine parts, power plant, aerospace, etc.).
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform industrial non-destructive testing (NDT) in the following methods.
a) acoustic emission testing;
b) eddy current testing;
c) leak testing (hydraulic pressure tests excluded);
d) magnetic testing;
e) penetrant testing;
f) radiographic testing;
g) strain gauge testing;
h) thermographic testing;
i) ultrasonic testing;
j) visual testing (direct unaided visual tests and visual tests carried out during the application of another NDT method are excluded).
The system specified in this document is also applicable to other NDT methods or to NDT techniques within an established NDT method, provided a comprehensive scheme of certification exists and the NDT method or NDT technique is covered by international, regional or national standards or the NDT method or the NDT technique has been demonstrated to be effective to the satisfaction of the certification body.
NOTE 1 The term "industrial" implies the exclusion of applications in the field of medicine.
NOTE 2 CEN/TR 14748 provides guidance on the methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests.
NOTE 3 This document specifies requirements for what are, in effect, third party conformity assessment schemes. These requirements do not directly apply to conformity assessment by second or first parties, but relevant parts of this document can be referred to in such arrangements.
NOTE 4 The term “direct unaided visual testing” implies where there is an uninterrupted optical path from the observer’s eye to the test area and the observer uses no tools or devices (e.g. mirror, endoscope, fibre optic).
NOTE 5 Calculations of strain based on other NDT methods are excluded.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the receiving sensitivity spectra of a piezoelectric acoustic emission sensor, in absolute units of volts output per motion input, whereby the motion can be particle displacement (e.g. in nanometres) or particle velocity (e.g. in millimetres per second) over a frequency range used for acoustic emission testing, from 20 kHz to about 1,5 MHz, whereby the sensor is stimulated by a motion pulse in normal direction to the sensor’s face from a directly coupled piezoelectric transmitter. This document also specifies a method for the determination of the transmitting sensitivity spectrum of a piezoelectric transmitter in absolute units, for example, in nanometres output per volt input, by measuring both the particle displacement pulse over the transmitter’s active face and the transmitter’s input voltage spectrum, using a scanning laser vibrometer. This document does not include the known cancellation effects on a sensor’s response, when the angle of incidence differs from normal (90°) or when the length of the wave passing across the sensor’s sensitive face is shorter than about 10 times the dimension of the sensor’s sensitive face. This document does not specify a method to measure the influence of different materials on a sensor’s sensitivity, but this effect is addressed in Annex F. NOTE The methods described in this document can be considered for use with other than piezoelectric sensors, which detect motion at a flat face and work in the same frequency range.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the functional characteristics of multi-channel ultrasonic phased array instruments used for array probes and provides methods for their measurement and verification.
This document is also applicable to ultrasonic phased array instruments in automated systems; but other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. When the phased array instrument is a part of an automated system, the acceptance criteria can be modified by agreement between the parties involved.
This document also can partly be applicable to FMC instruments and TFM instruments.
This document gives the extent of the verification and defines acceptance criteria within a frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the functional characteristics of multi-channel ultrasonic phased array instruments used for array probes and provides methods for their measurement and verification. This document is also applicable to ultrasonic phased array instruments in automated systems; but other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance. When the phased array instrument is a part of an automated system, the acceptance criteria can be modified by agreement between the parties involved. This document also can partly be applicable to FMC instruments and TFM instruments. This document gives the extent of the verification and defines acceptance criteria within a frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 10 MHz.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard49 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document is intended to serve as a best practice for the identification and “seeding” of
nondestructively detectable flaw replicas of metal alloy PBF-LB and DED processes. Three
seeding categories are described: 1. process flaws through CAD design, 2. build parameter
manipulation, 3. subtractive manufacturing, and 4. depositing/inserting flaws after processing.
These include flaws present within as-deposited materials, post heat-treated or HIP processed
material, and those flaws made detectable because of post-processing operations. Geometrical
aspects or measurement are not the subjects of this document.
- Technical report28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by
welding, rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes.
The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the
cladding and in the region of the interface.
This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Purpose
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing non-destructive testing (NDT), non-destructive inspection (NDI), or non-destructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE.
In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual meets specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.2 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval.
1.2 Applicability
1.2.1 General
This document applies to personnel using NDT methods to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies. This document also applies to personnel: directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods used, who approve NDT procedures and/or work instructions, who audit NDT facilities, or who provide technical NDT support or training.
This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3.
Personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments as determined by a Level 3 person certified in the test method, do not require qualification or certification to this document.
1.2.2 Implementation
This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified according to Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS 410 or EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires.
1.3 Test Methods
1.3.1 Common test methods
This document contains detailed requirements for the following common NDT methods:
Eddy Current Testing (ET)
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Penetrant Testing (PT)
Radiographic Testing (RT)
Thermographic Testing (TT)
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
1.3.2 Other test methods
When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other current and emerging NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, assembly or sub-assembly. Such test methods can include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission testing (AT), neutron radiography, leak testing, holography, and shearography. The requirements for personnel training, experience, and examination for these other test methods are established in accordance with 6.4 and are documented by the employer.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation39 pagesSlovenian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform
industrial non-destructive testing (NDT) in the following methods.
a) acoustic emission testing;
b) eddy current testing;
c) leak testing (hydraulic pressure tests excluded);
d) magnetic testing;
e) penetrant testing;
f) radiographic testing;
g) strain gauge testing;
h) thermographic testing;
i) ultrasonic testing;
j) visual testing (direct unaided visual tests and visual tests carried out during the application of
another NDT method are excluded).
The system specified in this document is also applicable to other NDT methods or to NDT techniques
within an established NDT method, provided a comprehensive scheme of certification exists and
the NDT method or NDT technique is covered by international, regional or national standards or the
NDT method or the NDT technique has been demonstrated to be effective to the satisfaction of the
certification body.
NOTE 1 The term "industrial" implies the exclusion of applications in the field of medicine.
NOTE 2 CEN/TR 14748 provides guidance on the methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests.
NOTE 3 This document specifies requirements for what are, in effect, third party conformity assessment
schemes. These requirements do not directly apply to conformity assessment by second or first parties, but
relevant parts of this document can be referred to in such arrangements.
NOTE 4 The term “direct unaided visual testing” implies where there is an uninterrupted optical path from
the observer’s eye to the test area and the observer uses no tools or devices (e.g. mirror, endoscope, fibre optic).
NOTE 5 Calculations of strain based on other NDT methods are excluded.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test routines for the periodic verification of the performance of acoustic emission (AE) test equipment, i.e. sensors, pre-amplifiers, signal processors, external parametric inputs.
It is intended for use by qualified personnel to implement an automated verification process.
Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after purchase of equipment, in order to obtain reference data for later verifications. Verification is also advised after repair, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction.
The procedures specified in this document do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer specifies alternative equivalent procedures.
Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive zones are not considered in this document.
- Standard79 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique in testing of metals for quantifying loss of thickness due to erosion and/or corrosion.
This document applies to all types of corrosion and/or erosion damage, particularly those defined in EN ISO 16809.
This document applies to unalloyed or low-alloyed steels.
It applies to components with a nominal thickness ≥ 6 mm. For smaller thicknesses, feasibility tests are performed to validate the test technique.
For other materials, feasibility tests are essential, too.
The TOFD technique can be used as a stand-alone technique or in combination with other non-destructive testing techniques, for in-service testing, in order to detect material loss caused by erosion and/or corrosion.
This technique is based on analysis of TOFD images using reflected and/or diffracted ultrasonic signals.
This document does not specify acceptance levels.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the techniques for manual ultrasonic testing of claddings on steel applied by welding, rolling and explosion using single-transducer or dual-transducer probes. The test is intended to cover detection of two-dimensional or three-dimensional discontinuities in the cladding and in the region of the interface. This document does not give acceptance criteria nor define the extent of testing.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard11 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This standard specifies NDI requirements for flight parts, components and structures used for space missions. It covers the NDI methods and stipulates the certification levels for personnel. The qualification of such processes are also specified for non-standard NDI techniques or where complex components are concerned. This standard also identifies the best practice across the large range of international and national standards.
Visual inspection included in this standard is not intended to include incoming inspection of, for example, raw materials, damage during transport, storage and handling and parts procurement verification.
The minimum requirements for NDI documentation are specified in the DRDs of the Annexes.
This standard does not cover the acceptance criteria of components, structures and parts submitted to this examination; it is expected that these criteria are identified on specific program application documentation.
This Standard does not apply to EEE components.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
- Standard106 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1.1 Purpose
This document establishes the minimum requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel performing nondestructive testing (NDT), nondestructive inspection (NDI), or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) in the aerospace manufacturing, service, maintenance and overhaul industries. For the purposes of this document, the term NDT will be used and will be considered equivalent to NDI and NDE.
In Europe, the term "approval" is used to denote a written statement by an employer that an individual has met specific requirements and has operating approval. The term "certification" as defined in 3.2 is used throughout this document as a substitute for the term "approval". Except when otherwise specified in the written practice, certification in accordance with this document includes operating approval.
1.2 Applicability
This document applies to personnel using NDT methods to test and/or accept materials, products, components, assemblies or sub-assemblies. This document also applies to personnel: directly responsible for the technical adequacy of the NDT methods used, who approve NDT procedures and/or work instructions, who audit NDT facilities, or who provide technical NDT support or training.
This document does not apply to individuals who only have administrative or supervisory authority over NDT personnel or to research personnel developing NDT technology for subsequent implementation and approval by a certified Level 3. Personnel performing specialized inspections using certain direct readout instruments as determined by a Level 3 certified in the method, do not require qualification or certification to this document.
1.2.1 Implementation
This document addresses the use of a National Aerospace NDT Board (NANDTB). NANDTBs are only used as specified per Annex C and it is not mandatory to have such a board for compliance with this document. Personnel certified to previous revisions of NAS 410 or EN 4179 need not recertify to the requirements of this document until their current certification expires.
1.3 Methods
1.3.1 Common methods
This document contains detailed requirements for the following common NDT methods:
Eddy Current Testing (ET)
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT)
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Radiographic Testing (RT)
Thermographic Testing (IRT)
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
1.3.2 Other methods
When invoked by engineering, quality, cognizant engineering organization or prime contractor requirements, this document applies to other current and emerging NDT methods used to determine the acceptability or suitability for intended service of a material, part, component, sub-assembly or assembly. Such methods can include, but are not limited to, acoustic emission, neutron radiography, leak testing, holography, and shearography. The requirements for personnel training, experience, and examination for these other methods are established in accordance with 6.4 and are documented by the employer.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation39 pagesSlovenian languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. This document covers the temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C. Additional tests in ISO 3452-5 or ISO 3452-6 can be required outside this range.
On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452‑1.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested using white light or UV-A (365 nm) radiation. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and not excessively porous (castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.)
This document also includes requirements for process and control testing, but is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria. It gives neither information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment.
NOTE 1 Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of penetrant testing products to be used are specified in ISO 3452-2 and ISO 3452-3.
NOTE 2 The term "discontinuity" is used in this document in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included.
NOTE 3 CEN/TR 16638 addresses penetrant testing using actinic blue light.
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This document specifies requirements for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform industrial non-destructive testing (NDT) in the following methods. a) acoustic emission testing; b) eddy current testing; c) leak testing (hydraulic pressure tests excluded); d) magnetic testing; e) penetrant testing; f) radiographic testing; g) strain gauge testing; h) thermographic testing; i) ultrasonic testing; j) visual testing (direct unaided visual tests and visual tests carried out during the application of another NDT method are excluded). The system specified in this document is also applicable to other NDT methods or to NDT techniques within an established NDT method, provided a comprehensive scheme of certification exists and the NDT method or NDT technique is covered by international, regional or national standards or the NDT method or the NDT technique has been demonstrated to be effective to the satisfaction of the certification body. NOTE 1 The term "industrial" implies the exclusion of applications in the field of medicine. NOTE 2 CEN/TR 14748 provides guidance on the methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests. NOTE 3 This document specifies requirements for what are, in effect, third party conformity assessment schemes. These requirements do not directly apply to conformity assessment by second or first parties, but relevant parts of this document can be referred to in such arrangements. NOTE 4 The term “direct unaided visual testing” implies where there is an uninterrupted optical path from the observer’s eye to the test area and the observer uses no tools or devices (e.g. mirror, endoscope, fibre optic). NOTE 5 Calculations of strain based on other NDT methods are excluded.
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This document specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of acoustic emission (AE) equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the equipment under laboratory conditions. Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after purchase of equipment, in order to obtain reference data for later verifications. Verification is also advised after repair, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction. The procedures described in this document do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer specifies alternative equivalent procedures. Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive zones are not considered in this document.
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This document specifies the application of the time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique in testing of metals for quantifying loss of thickness due to erosion and/or corrosion.
This document applies to all types of corrosion or erosion damage, particularly those defined in ISO 16809.
This test applies to unalloyed or low-alloyed steel materials.
It applies to components with a nominal thickness ≥ 6 mm. For smaller thicknesses feasibility tests will be performed to validate the technique.
For other materials, feasibility tests are essential too.
The TOFD technique can be used here as a stand-alone technique or in combination with other non-destructive testing techniques, during manufacturing and for testing in-service, in order to detect material loss caused by erosion and/or corrosion.
This technique is based on analysis of TOFD images established using reflected and/or diffracted ultrasonic signals.
This document does not specify acceptance levels.
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This document specifies a method for the measurement of effective focal spot dimensions above 0,1 mm of X-ray systems up to and including 1000 kV tube voltage by means of the pinhole camera method with digital evaluation. The tube voltage applied for this measurement is restricted to 200 kV for visual film evaluation and may be selected higher than 200 kV if digital detectors are used.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular the size and the two dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane. This method compared to the others in the EN 12543 series allows to obtain an image of the focal spot and to see the state of it (e.g. cratering of the anode).
This test method provides instructions for determining the effective size (dimensions) of standard (macro focal spots) and mini focal spots of industrial X-ray tubes. This determination is based on the measurement of an image of a focal spot that has been radiographically recorded with a "pinhole" technique and evaluated with a digital method.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade) it is advised that the specific FS (Focal spot) values of Annex A are used.
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This standard specifies NDI requirements for flight parts, components and structures used for space missions. It covers the NDI methods and stipulates the certification levels for personnel. The qualification of such processes are also specified for non-standard NDI techniques or where complex components are concerned. This standard also identifies the best practice across the large range of international and national standards.
Visual inspection included in this standard is not intended to include incoming inspection of, for example, raw materials, damage during transport, storage and handling and parts procurement verification.
The minimum requirements for NDI documentation are specified in the DRDs of the Annexes.
This standard does not cover the acceptance criteria of components, structures and parts submitted to this examination; it is expected that these criteria are identified on specific program application documentation.
This Standard does not apply to EEE components.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristic and constrains of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
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This part of ISO 3452 specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. It also details on-site control tests and methods.
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This standard defines a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and they are not excessively porous, examples of which are castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.
This standard is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria and gives no information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment.
The term 'discontinuity' is used here in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included.
Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of penetrant testing products to be used are specified in ISO 3452-2 and ISO 3452-3.
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This document specifies a method for determining the rebound number of an area of hardened concrete using a spring-driven hammer.
NOTE 1 The rebound number determined by this method can be used to assess the uniformity of concrete in situ, to delineate zones or areas of poor quality or deteriorated concrete in structures.
NOTE 2 The test method is not intended as an alternative for the compressive strength determination of concrete (EN 12390-3), but with suitable correlation, it can provide an estimate of in situ compressive strength. For the assessment of in-situ compressive strength, see EN 13791.
NOTE 3 The hammer can be used for comparative testing, referenced against a concrete with known strength or against a concrete which has been shown that it has come from a defined volume of concrete with a population verified as conforming to a particular strength class.
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This document defines terms used in ultrasonic testing with arrays. This includes phased array technology and signal processing technology using arrays, e. g. the full-matrix capture (FMC) (3.3.1.28) and the total focusing technique (TFM) (3.3.1.35).
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