ISO 27447:2019
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for antibacterial activity of semiconducting photocatalytic materials
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the antibacterial activity of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, by measuring the enumeration of bacteria under irradiation of ultraviolet light. This document is intended for use with different kinds of semiconducting photocatalytic materials used in construction materials in flat sheet, board, plate shape or textiles that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. It does not include powder, granular or porous photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for antibacterial effect. Other types of performance of photocatalytic materials, i.e. antifungal activity, antiviral activity, decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and air purification, are not determined by this method. The values expressed in this document are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI).
Céramiques techniques — Méthode d'essai de l'activité antibactérienne des matériaux photocatalytiques semiconducteurs
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 27447
Second edition
2019-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for antibacterial activity
of semiconducting photocatalytic
materials
Céramiques techniques — Méthode d'essai de l'activité
antibactérienne des matériaux photocatalytiques semiconducteurs
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 3
6 Materials . 4
6.1 Bacteria used and preparation for tests . 4
6.1.1 Film cover method. 4
6.1.2 Glass cover method . 4
6.1.3 Bacteria preparation. 4
6.2 Chemicals and implements . 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 1/500 nutrient broth . 5
6.2.3 Nutrient broth . 5
6.2.4 Nutrient agar . 5
6.2.5 Soybean-casein digest broth with lecithin and polysorbate 80 (SCDLP). 5
6.2.6 Physiological saline solution . 5
6.2.7 Physiological saline solution for washout . 5
6.2.8 Non-ionic surfactant . 6
7 Apparatus . 6
7.1 Test equipment . 6
7.2 Cover film . 6
7.3 Cover glass . 6
7.4 Moisture preservation glass . 7
7.5 Glass tube or glass rod . 7
7.6 Paper filter . 7
7.7 Light source . 7
7.8 UV radiometer . 7
7.9 Punched metal sheet . 7
8 Test piece . 9
8.1 Film cover method . 9
8.2 Glass cover method . 9
9 Procedure. 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Film cover method .11
9.3 Glass cover method .11
9.4 UV irradiation condition .12
9.5 Measurement of the number of living bacteria .13
10 Calculation .14
10.1 General .14
10.2 Film cover method .14
10.3 Glass cover method .15
11 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Examples of test results .18
Annex B (informative) Reference data of cover films and cover glasses .20
Annex C (informative) Reference data of damage caused by ultraviolet to bacteria .22
Bibliography .24
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. This second edition
cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 27447:2009), which has been technically revised. The main
changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— updating of reference document and cross-references;
— replacement of “adhesive” with “cover” throughout;
— clarification of definition of “photocatalyst antibacterial activity value” (3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7) in Clause 3;
— deletion of a definition of “fluorescent UV lamp” in Clause 3 due to updating of the reference document
ISO 10677;
— inclusion of a statement in Clause 5 regarding treatment of results measured by the viable bacterial
count method;
— NOTE 1 changed to body text in 6.1.3;
— revision of “storage period of 1/500 nutrient broth” from 1 month ago to 1 week ago in 6.2.2
(formerly 6.2.1);
— addition of a new subclause, 6.2.1, renumbering of subsequent subclauses and updating of cross-
references in Clause 6;
— addition of a new subclause, 7.1, and renumbering of subsequent subclauses in Clause 7;
— revision of Figure 1, Figure 4 and Figure 5;
— addition of “paper filter” apparatus in 7.6;
— replacement of “black light fluorescent lamp” with “light source” in 7.7 (formerly 7.5) and revision of
a statement in 7.7 that the light source shall be 351BLB or 351BL as specified in ISO 10677;
— replacement of “ultraviolet light radiation mater” with “UV radiometer” in 7.8 (formerly 7.6) and
inclusion of a statement in 7.8 that the UV radiometer shall be used as specified in ISO 10677;
— NOTE changed to body text in 8.1;
— addition of a new subclause, 9.1, and renumbering of subsequent subclauses in Clause 9;
— revision of storage time of “the bacteria suspension in case of not using immediately” from 4 h to 2 h
in 9.2.1(formerly 9.1.1);
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 27447
Second edition
2019-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for antibacterial activity
of semiconducting photocatalytic
materials
Céramiques techniques — Méthode d'essai de l'activité
antibactérienne des matériaux photocatalytiques semiconducteurs
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Principle . 3
6 Materials . 4
6.1 Bacteria used and preparation for tests . 4
6.1.1 Film cover method. 4
6.1.2 Glass cover method . 4
6.1.3 Bacteria preparation. 4
6.2 Chemicals and implements . 5
6.2.1 General. 5
6.2.2 1/500 nutrient broth . 5
6.2.3 Nutrient broth . 5
6.2.4 Nutrient agar . 5
6.2.5 Soybean-casein digest broth with lecithin and polysorbate 80 (SCDLP). 5
6.2.6 Physiological saline solution . 5
6.2.7 Physiological saline solution for washout . 5
6.2.8 Non-ionic surfactant . 6
7 Apparatus . 6
7.1 Test equipment . 6
7.2 Cover film . 6
7.3 Cover glass . 6
7.4 Moisture preservation glass . 7
7.5 Glass tube or glass rod . 7
7.6 Paper filter . 7
7.7 Light source . 7
7.8 UV radiometer . 7
7.9 Punched metal sheet . 7
8 Test piece . 9
8.1 Film cover method . 9
8.2 Glass cover method . 9
9 Procedure. 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Film cover method .11
9.3 Glass cover method .11
9.4 UV irradiation condition .12
9.5 Measurement of the number of living bacteria .13
10 Calculation .14
10.1 General .14
10.2 Film cover method .14
10.3 Glass cover method .15
11 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Examples of test results .18
Annex B (informative) Reference data of cover films and cover glasses .20
Annex C (informative) Reference data of damage caused by ultraviolet to bacteria .22
Bibliography .24
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. This second edition
cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 27447:2009), which has been technically revised. The main
changes to the previous edition are as follows:
— updating of reference document and cross-references;
— replacement of “adhesive” with “cover” throughout;
— clarification of definition of “photocatalyst antibacterial activity value” (3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7) in Clause 3;
— deletion of a definition of “fluorescent UV lamp” in Clause 3 due to updating of the reference document
ISO 10677;
— inclusion of a statement in Clause 5 regarding treatment of results measured by the viable bacterial
count method;
— NOTE 1 changed to body text in 6.1.3;
— revision of “storage period of 1/500 nutrient broth” from 1 month ago to 1 week ago in 6.2.2
(formerly 6.2.1);
— addition of a new subclause, 6.2.1, renumbering of subsequent subclauses and updating of cross-
references in Clause 6;
— addition of a new subclause, 7.1, and renumbering of subsequent subclauses in Clause 7;
— revision of Figure 1, Figure 4 and Figure 5;
— addition of “paper filter” apparatus in 7.6;
— replacement of “black light fluorescent lamp” with “light source” in 7.7 (formerly 7.5) and revision of
a statement in 7.7 that the light source shall be 351BLB or 351BL as specified in ISO 10677;
— replacement of “ultraviolet light radiation mater” with “UV radiometer” in 7.8 (formerly 7.6) and
inclusion of a statement in 7.8 that the UV radiometer shall be used as specified in ISO 10677;
— NOTE changed to body text in 8.1;
— addition of a new subclause, 9.1, and renumbering of subsequent subclauses in Clause 9;
— revision of storage time of “the bacteria suspension in case of not using immediately” from 4 h to 2 h
in 9.2.1(formerly 9.1.1);
...
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