ISO 28523:2009

Ships and marine technology - Lubricating and hydraulic oil systems - Guidance for sampling to determine cleanliness and particle contamination

ISO 28523:2009 specifies methods for dynamic and static extraction of fluid samples from lubricating and hydraulic oil systems. A correct execution of the sampling is essential when analysing fluids from lubricating and hydraulic oil systems. In order to achieve reliable and comparable analysis results, the sampling must be performed under defined conditions and operating environment. When the system has reached its operating temperature, a representative sample is extracted from where the fluid is in a turbulent flow condition. This method is called dynamic sampling. If this is not possible, the sample can be extracted from the system tank. This method is called static sampling. ISO 28523:2009 specifies methods for both dynamic and static sampling in connection with collection in bottles. For extraction of samples through a filtration kit for comparison with “master slides”, reference is made to the manuals from the suppliers of such equipment.

Navires et technologie maritime — Les systèmes lubrifiant et hydraulique de pétrole — Directives pour essais pour déterminer la contamination de propreté et particule

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Feb-2009
• ICS: 47.020.99 - Other standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 8/SC 3 - Piping and machinery
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2030

Overview

ISO 28523:2009 - Ships and marine technology - Guidance for sampling to determine cleanliness and particle contamination - provides practical methods to extract representative fluid samples from lubricating and hydraulic oil systems on ships and marine machinery. The standard explains how to perform dynamic and static sampling, how to collect samples in compliant bottles, and how to prepare samples for particle counting or microscopic cleanliness evaluation to obtain reliable, comparable contamination data.

Key topics and requirements

• Representative sampling
  • Samples must be taken when the system has reached operating temperature and, where possible, from a location with turbulent flow (dynamic sampling) to avoid particle settling.
  • If dynamic sampling is not feasible, static sampling from the system tank is permitted (note: particles > 20 µm settle quickly during static sampling).
• Dynamic sampling rigging
  • Use a sampling device with a flexible capillary; internal diameter should comply with ISO 4021 (minimum 1.25 mm where applicable).
  • Ensure at least 0.5 L of fluid passes through the sampling line before collecting the actual sample. For automatic particle counters, extract at least 0.4 L.
  • Fill sample bottle to 50–80% of its volume, remove the bottle while fluid still flows, and close immediately. Do not immerse the capillary tube into the bottle to avoid contamination.
• Static sampling methods
  • Procedures mirror dynamic sampling steps for filling and handling; vacuum-assisted extraction is an accepted option.
• Sample bottles and labeling
  • Bottles must meet ISO 3722 cleanliness requirements, be sealed when delivered, be chemically compatible and transparent, and carry clear identification (date, plant, sample location, pressure, running hours).
• Automatic particle counting
  • Pre‑checks and preparation include water content measurement (Karl Fischer); automatic counting is allowed only if water < 0.05% mass fraction.
  • Typical preparation: heat to ~65 °C, shake 5 minutes, ultrasonic 15 s, degas under vacuum (50–80 kPa), then perform counting and convert results to ISO-contamination code (ISO 4406).
• Microscopy
  • Used for flushing evaluation and qualitative assessment; follow membrane filtration guidance (e.g., 1.2 µm filters), heat to ~40 °C and shake before filtration, and use a consistent operator for repeatability.

Applications and users

• Target users: ship engineers, marine maintenance teams, oil analysis laboratories, equipment OEMs, classification societies, and technical managers responsible for reliability and contamination control.
• Practical uses:
  • Condition-based maintenance and contamination monitoring of main engines, gears, steering gear, and hydraulic systems.
  • Acceptance testing after newbuilds, repairs, filtration upgrades, or flushing procedures.
  • Providing consistent sample protocols for trend analysis, warranty claims, and contamination-control programs.

Related standards

• ISO 3722 - Fluid sample containers - cleaning/qualification
• ISO 4021 - Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating system
• ISO 4406 - Coding of contamination by solid particles
• ISO 11171, ISO 28521 - Referenced for particle counter calibration and guidance on cleanliness grades

Keywords: ISO 28523:2009, sampling, lubricating and hydraulic oil systems, dynamic sampling, static sampling, particle contamination, oil cleanliness, marine maintenance.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28523
First edition
2009-02-15
Ships and marine technology —
Lubricating and hydraulic oil systems —
Guidance for sampling to determine
cleanliness and particle contamination
Navires et technologie maritime — Les systèmes lubrifiant et
hydraulique de pétrole — Directives pour essais pour déterminer la
contamination de propreté et particule

Reference number
©
ISO 2009
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ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Dynamic sampling . 1
4 Static sampling . 3
5 Sample bottles . 4
6 Automatic particle counting . 5
Bibliography . 7

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 28523 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 3, Piping and machinery.
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28523:2009(E)

Ships and marine technology — Lubricating and hydraulic oil
systems — Guidance for sampling to determine cleanliness and
particle contamination
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for dynamic and static extraction of fluid samples from
lubricating and hydraulic oil systems.
A correct execution of the sampling is essential when analysing fluids from lubricating and hydraulic oil
systems.
In order to achieve reliable and comparable analysis results, the sampling must be performed under defined
conditions and operating environment.
When the system has reached its operating temperature, a representative sample is extracted from where the
fluid is in a turbulent flow condition. This method is called dynamic sampling. If this is not possible, the sample
can be extracted from the system tank. This method is called static sampling.
NOTE Particles > 20 µm settle quickly during static sampling.
This International Standard specifies methods for both dynamic and static sampling in connection with
collection in bottles.
For extraction of samples through a filtration kit for comparison with “master slides”, reference is made to the
manuals from the suppliers of such equipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3722, Hydraulic fluid power — Fluid sample containers — Qualifying and controlling cleaning methods
ISO 4021, Hydraulic fluid power — Particulate contamination analysis — Extraction of fluid samples from lines
of an operating system
ISO 4406, Hydraulic fluid power — Fluids — Method for coding the level of contamination by solid particles
3 Dynamic sampling
3.1 Rigging the sampling device
If it is possible to mount the sampling device on a section of the system pipe with a turbulent flow, a sampling
device as specified in Figure 1 is used.
If this is not possible, a turbulent flow can be achieved by inserting a T-pie
...