ISO 15008:2017

Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation

ISO 15008:2017 specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing compliance with them have been included where necessary. ISO 15008:2017 is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to displays using: - characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol); - superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays); - pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera); - maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or - quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).

Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de commande et d'information des transports — Spécifications et modes opératoires pour la présentation visuelle à bord du véhicule

L'ISO 15008 :2017 spécifie les exigences minimales de qualité d'image et de lisibilité d'image des afficheurs qui fournissent au conducteur d'une voiture particulière des informations visuelles dynamiques (changeantes) issues des systèmes de commande et d'information des transports (TICS) embarqués utilisables pendant que le véhicule est en mouvement. Les véhicules lourds sont exclus pour les exigences de contraste et de taille de police de caractères, car ces paragraphes font référence à la norme ISO 4513 qui ne s'applique qu'aux voitures particulières. Ces exigences sont indépendantes des technologies d'affichage utilisées, alors que les méthodes d'essai et les mesures qui permettent d'évaluer la conformité aux spécifications sont indiquées si nécessaire. L'ISO 15008 :2017 est applicable principalement aux composantes perceptives et à certaines composantes cognitives fondamentales de l'information visuelle, y compris la lisibilité des caractères et la reconnaissance des couleurs. Elle n'est pas applicable à d'autres facteurs affectant les performances et le confort, tels que le codage, le format et les caractéristiques du dialogue, ni aux afficheurs utilisant: - des caractères présentés comme une partie d'un symbole ou d'information graphique (par exemple symbole CD), - des informations superposées à la scène extérieure au véhicule (par exemple affichages tête haute), - des images graphiques (par exemple d'une caméra de vue arrière), - des cartes et des représentations topographiques (par exemple celles pour régler les systèmes de navigation), ou - des informations quasi statiques (par exemple a.m./p.m., km/miles, kPa/psi, information On/Off).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Mar-2017
• ICS: 13.180 - Ergonomics
• ICS: 43.040.15 - Car informatics. On board computer systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 39 - Ergonomics
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 39/WG 8 - TICS on-board-MMI
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 29-Jul-2022

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 13990-3:2006 - Textile machinery and accessories — Yarn feeders and yarn control for knitting machines — Part 3: Dimensions for connecting and interconnection cables
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 15008:2009 - Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport information and control systems — Specifications and test procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
• Effective Date: 22-Sep-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15008
Third edition
2017-02
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects
of transport information and control
systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual
presentation
Véhicules routiers — Aspects ergonomiques des systèmes de
commande et d’information des transports — Spécifications et modes
opératoires pour la présentation visuelle à bord du véhicule
Reference number
ISO 15008:2017(E)
ISO 2017
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior

written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of

the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Requirements and measurement methods .............................................................................................................................. 4

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range ....................................................................................................... 5

4.2.1 Design viewing position ............................................................................................................................................ 5

4.2.2 Illumination range .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity ............................................................ 7

4.3.1 Display illumination ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio ............................................................................................................................................. 7

4.3.3 Display mode ....................................................................................................................................................................10

4.4 Colour combinations .......................................................................................................................................................................10

4.5 Alphanumerical character dimensions ...........................................................................................................................11

4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................11

4.5.2 Height .....................................................................................................................................................................................11

4.5.3 Width by height ratio: Proportion of the typeface ...........................................................................11

4.5.4 Stroke width by height ratio: Weight of the typeface ....................................................................12

4.5.5 Spacing ..................................................................................................................................................................................12

4.5.6 Case ..........................................................................................................................................................................................13

4.6 Pixel matrix character format .................................................................................................................................................14

4.6.1 Upper and lower case of alphanumeric Latin, Greek, Cyrillic characters ....................14

4.6.2 Automotive symbols ..................................................................................................................................................15

4.6.3 Non-Latin characters ........................................................................................................................................... ......16

4.7 Reflections and glare .......................................................................................................................................................................16

4.8 Characteristics of presentation ..............................................................................................................................................16

4.8.1 Image instability............................................................................................................................................................16

4.8.2 Image flashing .................................................................................................................................................................16

4.9 Redundant information displays ..........................................................................................................................................17

Annex A (normative) Definition and measurement of character dimensions .......................................................18

Annex B (informative) Colour combinations ............................................................................................................................................20

Annex C (informative) Terminology of typographic terms and visual dictionary ..............................................21

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................25

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ISO 15008:2017(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,

as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the

Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 39,

Ergonomics.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 15008:2009), which has been technically

revised with the following changes:
— Introduction was modified;
— Scope was modified (heavy vehicles partly excluded);
— test conditions for direct sunlight have been changed;
— character height was modified;
— character proportion was modified;
— character weight criterion was modified;
— intercharacter spacing was modified;
— word spacing was modified;
— a new subclause on text case was added;
— the subclause on character outlines was modified;
— a new subclause on character shadows was added;
— the subclause on Non-Roman text was modified and renamed Non-Latin.
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
Introduction

Driving is a complex task requiring continuous allocation of attentional resources to both driving

and non-driving tasks. Because of this, driving is an interactive balance between cognitive, physical,

somatosensory, visual and psychomotor skills.

Driver and vehicle form an integrated system that includes the environment, vehicle controls, and

displays collectively defined as the transport information and control systems (TICS). Since driving

is an interactive systems activity, vehicle characteristics in combination with human capabilities

constitute important factors in the performance of this TIC system.

In order to achieve optimal driver performance, the purpose of TICS is to support drivers in their

primary task such that performance, comfort and safety are increased and overall driver workload is

not negatively influenced by the use of TICS. One set of factors influencing this process involves the

characteristics of visual displays. Specifically, those aspects of displays designed to accommodate

human capabilities, the range of illumination conditions and location of the display with respect

to the driver. This is especially important since visual specifications must include a wide range of

environmental conditions and constitute only one necessary condition for adequate performance,

comfort and workload. The purpose of this document is to standardize visual presentation.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15008:2017(E)
Road vehicles — Ergonomic aspects of transport
information and control systems — Specifications and test
procedures for in-vehicle visual presentation
1 Scope

This document specifies minimum requirements for the image quality and legibility of displays

containing dynamic (changeable) visual information presented to the driver of a passenger car by on-

board transport information and control systems (TICS) used while the vehicle is in motion. Heavy

vehicles are excluded for the requirements of contrast and font size since these chapters reference

ISO 4513 which is only applicable for passenger vehicles. These requirements are intended to be

independent of display technologies. Reference to test methods and measurements for assessing

compliance with them have been included where necessary.

This document is applicable mainly to perceptual, and some basic cognitive, components of the

visual information, including character legibility and colour recognition. It is not applicable to other

factors affecting performance and comfort, such as coding, format and dialogue characteristics, or to

displays using:

— characters presented as a part of a symbol or pictorial information (e.g.CD symbol);

— superimposed information on the external field (e.g. head-up displays);
— pictorial images (e.g. rear view camera);

— maps and topographic representations (e.g. those for setting navigation systems); or

— quasi-static information (e.g. AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, On/Off information).
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 4513, Road vehicles — Visibility — Method for establishment of eyellipses for driver’s eye location

CIE 85:1989, Solar spectral irradiance
SAE J1757/1:2015, Standard Metrology for Vehicular Displays
CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, International lighting vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
3.1
adaptation

adjustment of the eye’s sensitivity to the brightness (3.2) of the observed visual field by chemical and

physical processes within the eye

Note 1 to entry: Dark adaptation occurs at a slower rate than does light adaptation.

3.2
brightness

subjective attribute of light sensation by which a stimulus appears to be more or less intense or to emit

more or less light
3.3
chromatic

having hue or being coloured, appearing different in quality from a neutral grey having the same

brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: It is related to the colour properties of a visual stimulus.
3.4
contrast ratio
ratio between the luminance L and the luminance L
high low
high
Note 1 to entry: R = .
low

Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance

contrast and saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV. In CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV, it is referred as luminance

contrast ratio.
3.5
critical specular line
CSL
line from the centre of the display to the centre of the eyellipse (3.10)
3.6
cyclopean eyellipse

elliptical volume combining the left and the right eyellipse (3.10) of the driver into one single volume

located in the centre between them
3.7
day condition
condition with diffuse ambient light
3.8
direct sunlight condition

condition under which the viewing conditions are mainly influenced by direct light from the sun on the

display surface
3.9
dynamic information
information that has more than two stages of change
3.10
eyellipse
elliptical shape of the driver eye range
Note 1 to entry: As defined in ISO 4513.
Note 2 to entry: See definition of 95th percentile eyellipse in ISO 4513.
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
Note 3 to entry: It is the contraction of the words “eye” and “ellipse”.
3.11
flash

intended periodic variation of the luminance of a light or visual information, normally from “OFF” to a

given value, typically used for attracting attention

Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance

contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.12
flicker

unintended perceived temporal variation of the brightness (3.2) of a visual stimulus, usually generated

by refresh process of the display content or by variation of the luminance of the backlight

Note 1 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance

contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.13
disability glare
dazzling or disabling effect produced by a bright light

Note 1 to entry: This is a retinal effect, primarily caused by light scatter in the eye, which produces a luminous

veil over the retinal image and thus reduces contrast.
3.14
discomfort glare
distracting or disrupting effect of bright point sources in the field of view

Note 1 to entry: This is a perceptual effect, interfering with visual attention and selection.

3.15
jitter
unintended periodic movement of an image or parts of it
3.16
legibility

visual properties of a character or graphics representation that determine the ease with which it can be

recognized
Note 1 to entry: See also readability (3.21).
3.17
map

representation on plane surface of the features of a connected part of the earth surface (especially

of the road and traffic environment), shown in their representative forms, sizes and relationship in

accordance with some convention of representation
3.18
night condition

condition of low ambient illumination under which the adaptation (3.1) level of the driver is mainly

influenced by the portion of the road ahead covered by the vehicle’s own headlights and surrounding

street lights, and display and instrument brightness (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Low ambient illumination is less than 50 lx.
3.19
pixel

smallest selectively addressable element of the display surface capable of reproducing the full range of

luminance and colours
Note 1 to entry: “Pixel” is an abbreviated term for “picture element”.
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ISO 15008:2017(E)

Note 2 to entry: Terms and definitions related to photometric quantities (e.g. illuminance, luminance, luminance

contrast ratio (3.4), saturation) are given in CIE S 017/E:2011 ILV.
3.20
quasi-static information

information that has a limited number of states, where one or another state

is always displayed and does not change frequently
EXAMPLE AM/PM, km/miles, kPa/PSI, on/off information.
3.21
readability

visual properties of a series of characters or words that determine the ease with which they can be read

Note 1 to entry: See also legibility (3.16).
3.22
redundantly presented information

information which is presented in parallel by different means or at different positions

EXAMPLE 1 Speed can be displayed in both analogue and digital format.

EXAMPLE 2 Turn-by-turn navigation can be displayed on a central display and in parallel in the instrument

cluster.
3.23
segment

pre-defined geometric form that can be used to create a character or symbol in whole or in part

EXAMPLE Stroke.
3.24
static information

information that does not change, especially physical units

EXAMPLE km, miles, kPa, PSI, mph, kph.
3.25
twilight condition
condition between night condition (3.18) and day condition (3.7)

Note 1 to entry: In twilight condition, the setting of the display illumination might be in day or night setting.

4 Requirements and measurement methods
4.1 General

The following requirements shall be complied with to ensure that images on the visual displays used in

on-board TICS equipment are legible.

Conformity of the presented images to the requirements specified in this document shall be tested at

an ambient temperature within the range of 18 °C to 28 °C. The test shall not start until the illumination

has reached a stable state. The requirements are accompanied by standard measurement conditions in

terms of ambient illuminance and observer positions. Methods for measurement of contrast shall be in

accordance with SAE J1757/1.
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
4.2 Design viewing position and illumination range
4.2.1 Design viewing position

The requirements in this subclause are applicable to displays in their installed vehicle locations, as seen

from any point in the driver eyellipses according to ISO 4513 (for passenger vehicles only).

If the display is fixed to the vehicle, the relevant requirements shall be complied with from the

rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse. If the orientation of the display is adjustable, the display may

be adjusted so that a position can be found in which all the relevant requirements are complied with

simultaneously. For direct sunlight conditions, the requirements of contrast (see 4.3.2) shall only be

fulfilled in the direction of the critical specular line (CSL) (see Figure 1).

Standard default values for angles (45°/20°) as an alternative for direct sunlight measurements are

acceptable (see SAE J1757/1).
a) Display at right-hand side of driver
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
b) Side view
c) Plan view
Key
1 display 4L left eyellipse
2 centre of the display 4R right eyellipse
3 rearmost point of the cyclopean eyellipse 5 centre of the cyclopean eyellipse
4C cyclopean eyellipse N display perpendicular direction
Figure 1 — Design viewing position
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
4.2.2 Illumination range
4.2.2.1 The design illumination range establishes the four conditions of:
— night;
— twilight;
— day with diffuse ambient light; and
— day with direct sunlight.

4.2.2.2 Night condition is replicated in a dark environment, such that the maximum illuminance on

the object to be measured shall not exceed 10 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement

procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, Table 1.

4.2.2.3 Twilight condition is replicated with a measurement condition specified in SAE J1757/1:2015,

4.1.2.4 and Table 1. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard diffuse

reflector) shall be 250 lx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. If the display setting is brought into the night-

time setting manually or automatically (e.g. triggered by the head lamp switch or a sun load sensor), the

displayed information shall meet the twilight requirements in 4.3.2 in the night-time setting. If the driver

can manually change the setting of the display to a higher contrast, the measurement may be made in

that display setting.

4.2.2.4 Day condition with diffuse ambient light is replicated with ambient light omni-directional

to the point of measurement. The ambient light measured on the surface of the display (on the standard

diffuse reflector) shall be 5 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the measurement procedure,

see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.

4.2.2.5 Direct sunlight condition is replicated with a standard measurement condition. The

illuminance at the point of measurement shall be 45 klx, with a relative tolerance of ±5 %. For the

measurement procedure, see SAE J1757/1:2015, 4.1 and Table 1.

4.2.2.6 For day and direct sunlight and for twilight conditions in the measurement procedure

in accordance with SAE J1757/1, an artificial illumination system with light type similar to that of

CIE 85:1989, Table 4 (±20 %) shall be used. Light sources with large spikes in the spectrum (e.g.

fluorescent lamps) should be avoided; metal halide lamps are more appropriate due to their energy in

the blue part of the spectrum. The colour temperature is secondary to this issue.

4.3 Display illumination, minimum contrast, luminance and polarity
4.3.1 Display illumination

Due to the very wide range of ambient illuminations that determine the adaptation level of the driver,

the display illumination should have a brightness control which allows adjustment over a suitable range.

4.3.2 Minimum contrast ratio
4.3.2.1 Requirements
The minimum contrast ratio between symbol and background shall be as follows:
— 5:1 for night condition;
— 3:1 for twilight condition;
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ISO 15008:2017(E)
— 3:1 for day condition;
— 2:1 for direct sunlight condition.

This is especially important if characters are close to the minimum requirements for the dimensions

(see 4.5). Lower contrast should be excluded except for characters that are intentionally grey-shaded or

desaturated in colour to indicate some inactive status.
4.3.2.2 Character outlining

If sufficient contrast ratio between the character and its background cannot be provided during

transient states, such as dawn and dusk conditions, additional means shall be applied. This can be an

outline around the character, in which case, a minimum contrast shall be provided between the body of

the character/unfilled area and its outline.

The stroke width of the outline by character height ratio should be less than 0,04 for characters with

serifs and less than 0,08 for characters without serifs. If the size of a character is so small that the stroke

width of the outline would be less than 0,35 mm, an outline should be avoided to ensure readability (see

Figure 2).
Key
1 body of the character/unfilled area
2 outline
3 background area
Figure 2 — Outlined character

Words or phrases written in outlined unfilled character (transparent body) fonts should not be used.

4.3.2.3 Character shadows

If sufficient contrast ratio between the character and its background cannot be provided, additional

means shall be applied. In limited cases, this can be the use of a dark shadow or glow behind or

around the text respectively, as long as the text and its background can still maintain 75 % of the

minimum contrast. In these cases, the minimum contrast shall be provided between the body of the

character/unfilled area and its shadow.

If a shadow is used, the direction of the light source shall be between 25° and 155° from horizontal (see

Figure 3). Text and its background shall not be both dark in colour.

The shadow shall not be disconnected from its text, or in other words, there shall be no gap between

a character and its shadow. The shadow shall not be so large that it hides relevant information in the

background or fills in the insides of characters. The shadow should be soft as it smoothly fades into the

background.
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ISO 15008:2017(E)

The width of the shadow should be less than 70 % of the stem width of the regular weight of the

typeface, even when the bold weight is used (see Figure 4). The use of shadows and outlines should be

restricted for use on static labels, non-dynamic text or text field titles.
Figure 3 — Shadow angles
Figure 4 — Shadow in relation to font weight
4.3.2.4 Changing background

If the background around the text or symbol is spatially changing in luminance or colour, minimum

contrast ratio should be reached with the worst case background in the area adjacent to text or symbol.

The contrast ratio shall be calculated from at least two measurements in different areas of the display.

If the background is dynamic, an additional outline should be applied around the characters to provide

a sufficient contrast ratio (see Figure 2). In this case, the contrast ratio should be measured between

the outline and the borderline.
4.3.2.5 Contrast ratio measurement

All contrast measurements shall be carried out at the centre point of the cyclopean eyellipse, as shown

in Figure 1. For bench top measurements, standard values for angles (45°/20°) may be used for direct

sunlight measurement (see SAE J1757/1). For a display in the instrument cluster, values for angles

(0°/25°) can also be used.

For matrix displays, the measurements shall be taken over a collection area covering at least

(3 × 3) pixels (see Figure 5). The measurement accuracy will be reduced if the measurement area is less

than (3 × 3) pixels. If the area of the character to be measured does not contain at least (3 × 3) pixels or

the photometer spot size is larger than the area of the character, find a larger area on the character that

has at least (3 × 3) pixels and that appears visually to have the same luminance. Measure this area.

For segment displays, the measurement shall be taken within a single segment. The diameter of the

collection area shall be less than 80 % of the relevant dimension of the segment to be measured.

During the contrast measurement, the display luminance should be adjusted in the night condition to

“night maximum” and in daylight or direct sunlight condition to “maximum brightness”. In the twilight

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ISO 15008:2017(E)

condition, at least one display illumination setting (e.g. day/night setting) that meets the specified

requirement when the headlamps/park
...