13.180 - Ergonomics
ICS 13.180 Details
Ergonomics
Ergonomie
Ergonomie
Ergonomija
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This document gives guidance on design principles and on design of work systems, including task and equipment design (comprising robotics and intelligent autonomous systems) and design of the workplace, as well as working conditions with the inclusion of social and organisational factors, emphasising mental workload and its effects as specified in ISO 10075-1. It applies to the design of work and use of human capacities, with the intention of providing optimal working conditions with respect to health and safety, well-being, performance and effectiveness, preventing overload as well as underload, in order to avoid impairing effects and fostering the facilitating effects described in ISO 10075-1. This document includes the design of technical, organisational and social factors only and does not apply to problems of selection or training. This document does not address problems of measurement of mental workload or its effects. This document refers to all kinds of human work activities (see ISO 10075-1), not only to those which can be described as cognitive or mental tasks in a restricted sense but also to those with a primarily physical workload. This document is applicable to all those engaged in the design and use of work systems, for example system and equipment designers, employers and workers and their representatives, where they exist. This document is applicable to the design of new work systems as well as to the redesign of existing ones undergoing substantial revision.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for the processing of human body scan data acquired using a 3-D body scanner.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document identifies ergonomic or human-systems issues and guidance for the development and use of systems involving immersive environments, augmented reality and virtual reality. This includes: a) environments where the user is provided with a perception of being physically present in a virtually-created world; b) environments where the user is represented virtually and can interact in a real-world environment; c) environments involving artificial reality, augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality and similar simulated realities; d) computer-generated environments where the user interacts with simulated objects in a manner similar to how the user would interact with the real-world counterparts of these objects. This document is not an exploration of the philosophical, ethical or political issues surrounding the use of immersive environments. This document limits its treatment of the technologies used to create immersive environments to focusing on their interactions with users and does not investigate other aspects of these technologies. The target audience for this document is decision-makers, designers and engineers who would benefit from the consideration of human-systems issues of immersive environments. Futurists, researchers, technology developers, regulators and legislators could also find this document useful.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard39 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance on aspects of the design of human-system interaction, including conceptual design, user-system interaction design, user interface design and navigation design for interactive systems.
This document applies to all design and development approaches and methodologies, including human-centred design, object-oriented, waterfall, human factors integration (HFI), agile and rapid development.
It is intended for the following types of users:
— user interface designers, who will apply the guidance during the development process;
— developers, who will apply the guidance during the design and implementation of system functionality;
— evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products meet the recommendations;
— designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers;
— project managers, who are responsible for managing development processes.
- Draft32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides statistical summaries of body measurements measured according to ISO 7250-1, together with database background information for working age people prepared according to ISO 15535:2012 in the national populations of individual ISO member bodies. This document also describes the process of the measurement and preparation of statistical summaries.
- Technical report69 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report78 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance on aspects of the design of human-system interaction, including conceptual design, user-system interaction design, user interface design and navigation design for interactive systems. This document applies to all design and development approaches and methodologies, including human-centred design, object-oriented, waterfall, human factors integration (HFI), agile and rapid development. It is intended for the following types of users: — user interface designers, who will apply the guidance during the development process; — developers, who will apply the guidance during the design and implementation of system functionality; — evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products meet the recommendations; — designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers; — project managers, who are responsible for managing development processes.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidelines and requirements for surveying the user needs for assistive products and services of persons with sensory disabilities related to seeing and hearing. This document does not provide guidelines or requirements for other disabilities such as physical, mental or cognitive. The methods described in the document do not reflect all possible methods for surveying, but are those most frequently used for assessing user needs.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general requirements for anthropometric databases and their associated
reports that contain measurements taken in accordance with ISO 7250-1.
It provides necessary information, such as characteristics of the user population, sampling methods,
measurement items and statistics, to make international comparison possible among various
population segments. The population segments specified in this document are people who are able to
hold the postures specified in ISO 7250-1.
NOTE The traditional anthropometry defined in ISO 7250-1 is considered to be a necessary complement
to 3-D methods, which are used in some countries. Scanned data are verified according to the definitions given
in ISO 7250-1 (see ISO 20685-1). State-of-the-art software allows integration of traditional anthropometric
measures with those obtained by 3-D imaging.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies ergonomic, technical and safety requirements for wall mounted and free-standing writing boards for use in rooms for educational and training purposes, e.g. classrooms, lecture theatres for schools, universities, etc.
This document applies to units after installation. Safety depending on the structure of the building is not included, e.g. the strength of wall mounted boards includes only the board and its parts. The wall and the wall attachment are not included.
This document does not apply to technical aspects of connected hardware, such as computers, speakers, video cameras.
Requirements concerning electrical safety are not included.
Annex A (normative) includes an assessment scale for the ability to write and erase.
Annex B (normative) Requirements for Projecting White boards.
Annex C (informative) Requirements for Projecting White boards.
Annex D (normative) Requirements for interactive systems.
Annex E (informative) Requirements for interactive systems.
Annex F (normative) Requirements for interactive screens.
Annex G (informative) Requirements for interactive screens.
Annex H (normative) Surface flatness test.
Annex I (informative) Vibration test.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document adopts an approach where actions, particularly control measures and medical supervision, are specified as a function of the class of severity of the potential effects. It provides instructions for appropriate management practices for hot workplaces and describes: — a procedure for managing work in hot environments; — guidelines on how to apply the different International Standards in the field of thermal environments when assessing heat-related risks; — guidelines to organize the medical supervision of the people working in hot environments; — information for instructing the persons working in hot environments; — an example of assessment of a hot working situation. The procedure described in this document aims to anticipate the problems related to work in warm to hot environments by classifying the different work situations according to their potential health effects, informing the persons concerned (workers and management) of the seriousness of these effects, planning appropriate measures to be implemented to prevent these effects and providing medical surveillance of exposed persons. This document supports good occupational safety and health practices and is applicable to both indoor and outdoor work situations.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a collection of design considerations from existing international standards as well as best practices and observations obtained from the home healthcare field. This document is intended to be used as a reference for designing accessibility and usability of home healthcare products and associated services, and environments designed for non-professional users. This document does not provide information on the use of home healthcare products by healthcare professionals regardless of the place and facility of use.
- Technical report25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document can be used to compare the performance of different ensembles as part of any PPE selection process.
This document does not replace the product standards for the certification of individual items of PPE. It specifies the testing of individual items of PPE as an ensemble, so that the interaction between the individual items of PPE can be evaluated and any adverse interactions between the individual items of PPE can be identified.
It specifies requirements for testing by either assessing the performance of a PPE ensemble against a benchmark condition (i.e. benchmark testing) or assessing the performance of two or more PPE ensembles against each other (i.e. comparative testing).
The standard incorporates laboratory as well as field based testing. It can also be used to assess the performance regarding the ergonomics of an ensemble that incorporates an item of PPE that has never before been incorporated into an ensemble.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies ergonomic, technical and safety requirements for wall-mounted and free standing writing boards, white projecting boards, interactive systems and interactive screens for use in rooms for educational and training purposes, e.g. classrooms, lecture theatres for schools, universities, etc.
This document applies to units after installation. Safety depending on the structure of the building is not included, e.g. the strength of wall-mounted boards includes only the board and its parts. The wall and the wall attachment are not included.
This document does not apply to technical aspects of connected hardware, such as computers, speakers, video cameras.
Requirements concerning electrical safety are not included.
Annex A (normative) Assessment scale for the ability to write – Five levels chalk scale
Annex B (normative) Test methods and requirements for white projecting boards
Annex C (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for white projecting boards
Annex D (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive systems
Annex E (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive systems
Annex F (normative) Test methods and requirements for interactive screens
Annex G (informative) Additional test methods and requirements for interactive screens
Annex H (normative) Surface flatness test
Annex I (informative) Vibration test
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 20685-2:2015 addresses protocols for testing of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of human body shape data and measurements. It does not apply to instruments that measure the motion of individual landmarks.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners (head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners). This International Standard applies to body scanners that measure the human body in a single view. When a hand-held scanner is evaluated, it has to be noted that the human operator can contribute to the overall error. When systems are evaluated in which the subject is rotated, movement artefacts can be introduced; these can also contribute to the overall error. This part of ISO 20685 applies to the landmark positions determined by an anthropometrist. It does not apply to landmark positions automatically calculated by software from the point cloud.
The quality of surface shape of the human body and landmark positions is influenced by performance of scanner systems and humans including measurers and subjects. This part of ISO 20685 addresses the performance of scanner systems by using artefacts rather than human subjects as test objects.
Traditional instruments are required to be accurate to millimetre. Their accuracy can be verified by comparing the instrument with a scale calibrated according to an international standard of length. To verify or specify the accuracy of body scanners, a calibrated test object with known form and size is used.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D body scanners to create 3-D anthropometric databases including 3-D landmark locations, the users of these data, and scanner designers and manufacturers. This part of ISO 20685 intends to provide the basis for the agreement on the performance of body scanners between scanner users and scanner providers as well as between 3-D anthropometric database providers and data users.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a model [the predicted heat strain (PHS) model] for the analytical determination and interpretation of the thermal stress (in terms of water loss and rectal temperature) experienced by an average person in a hot environment and determines the maximum allowable exposure times within which the physiological strain is acceptable for 95 % of the exposed population (the maximum tolerable rectal temperature and the maximum tolerable water loss are not exceeded by 95 % of the exposed people).
The various terms used in this prediction model and, in particular, in the heat balance, show the influence of the different physical parameters of the environment on the thermal stress experienced by the average person. In this way, this document makes it possible to determine which parameter or group of parameters can be changed, and to what extent, in order to reduce the risk of excessive physiological strain.
In its present form, this method of assessment is not applicable to cases where special protective clothing (e.g. fully reflective clothing, active cooling and ventilation, impermeable coveralls) is worn.
This document does not predict the physiological response of an individual person, but only considers average persons in good health and fit for the work they perform. It is therefore intended to be used by, among others, ergonomists and industrial hygienists, as the outcomes can require expert interpretations. Recommendations about how and when to use this model are given in ISO 8025.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides a procedure for the standard validation and reporting protocol of walking speed measurements by technological sensor systems compared with the values provided by the reference method, namely walking speed as measured by a tape measure and a stopwatch. It does not address the detailed or specific uses of various technological sensor systems in healthcare.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes the knowledge and skill required for an experienced anthropometrist who serves as a measurer in anthropometric surveys or a planner of an anthropometric survey. This document also describes methods to quantify the skill of anthropometrists and to report their performance. This document is not a textbook or manual for anthropometry but can be useful for those who plan and conduct anthropometric surveys as well as designers and technologists who utilize anthropometric data. Methods described in this document can also be applicable to measurements other than those described in ISO 7250-1.
- Technical report16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 9241-100:2010 enables users of standards related to software ergonomics to identify ergonomics standards particularly relevant to software development, gain an overview on the content of software-ergonomics standards, understand the role of software-ergonomics standards in specifying user requirements as well as designing and evaluating user interfaces and understand the relationship between the various standards.
The software-ergonomics standards are applicable to all those software components of an interactive system affecting usability, including application software (including web-based applications), operating systems, embedded software, software development tools and assistive technologies.
- Technical report32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance on the design, selection and optimization of non-contacting hand and arm gestures for humancomputer interaction. It addresses the assessment of usability and fatigue associated with different gesture set designs and provides recommendations for approaches to evaluating the design and selection of gestures. This document also provides guidance on the documentation of the process for selecting gesture sets.
This document applies to gestures expressed by humans. It does not consider the technology for detecting gestures or the system response when interpreting a gesture. Non-contacting hand gestures can be used for input in a variety of settings, including the workplace or in public settings and when using fixed screens, mobile, virtual reality, augmented reality or mixed-mode reality devices.
Some limitations of this document are:
— The scope is limited to non-contacting gestures and does not include other forms of inputs. For example, combining gesture with speech, gaze or head position can reduce input error, but these combinations are not considered here.
— The scope is limited to non-contacting arm, hand and finger gestures, either unilateral (one-handed) or bilateral (two-handed).
— The scope assumes that all technological constraints are surmountable. Therefore, there is no consideration of technological limitations with interpreting ultra-rapid gestures, gestures performed by people of different skin tones or wearing different colours or patterns of clothing.
— The scope is limited to UI-based command-and-control human computer interaction (HCI) tasks and does not include gaming scenarios, although the traversal of in-game menus and navigation of UI elements is within scope.
— The scope does not include HCI tasks for which an obviously more optimal input method exists. For example, speech input is superior for inputting text than gesture input.
— The scope includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs).
— The scope does not include the discoverability of gestures but does include the learnability and memorability of gestures. It is assumed that product documentation and tutorials will adequately educate end users about which gestures are possible. Therefore, assessing gesture discoverability is not a primary goal of the recommendations in this document.
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements for anthropometric databases and their associated reports that contain measurements taken in accordance with ISO 7250-1.
It provides necessary information, such as characteristics of the user population, sampling methods, measurement items and statistics, to make international comparison possible among various population segments. The population segments specified in this document are people who are able to hold the postures specified in ISO 7250-1.
NOTE The traditional anthropometry defined in ISO 7250-1 is considered to be a necessary complement to 3-D methods, which are used in some countries. Scanned data are verified according to the definitions given in ISO 7250-1 (see ISO 20685-1). State-of-the-art software allows integration of traditional anthropometric measures with those obtained by 3-D imaging.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes protocols for testing of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of human body shape data and measurements. It does not apply to instruments that measure the motion of individual landmarks.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, this document is also applicable to body-segment scanners (head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners). It applies to body scanners that measure the human body in a single view. When a hand-held scanner is evaluated, the human operator can contribute to the overall error. When systems are evaluated in which the participant is rotated, movement artefacts can be introduced; these can also contribute to the overall error. This document applies to the landmark positions determined by an anthropometrist. It does not apply to landmark positions automatically calculated by software from the point cloud.
The quality of surface shape of the human body and landmark positions is influenced by the performance of scanner systems and humans, including measurers and participants. This document addresses the performance of scanner systems by using artefacts rather than human participants as test objects.
Traditional instruments are required to be accurate to the millimetre. Their accuracy can be verified by comparing the instrument with a scale calibrated according to an international standard of length. To verify or specify the accuracy of body scanners, a calibrated test object with known form and size is used.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D body scanners to create 3-D anthropometric databases, the users of these data, and body scanner designers and manufacturers. This document intends to provide the basis for agreement on the performance of body scanners between scanner users and scanner providers as well as between 3-D anthropometric database providers and data users.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general requirements for anthropometric databases and their associated reports that contain measurements taken in accordance with ISO 7250-1. It provides necessary information, such as characteristics of the user population, sampling methods, measurement items and statistics, to make international comparison possible among various population segments. The population segments specified in this document are people who are able to hold the postures specified in ISO 7250-1. NOTE The traditional anthropometry defined in ISO 7250-1 is considered to be a necessary complement to 3-D methods, which are used in some countries. Scanned data are verified according to the definitions given in ISO 7250-1 (see ISO 20685-1). State-of-the-art software allows integration of traditional anthropometric measures with those obtained by 3-D imaging.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard23 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document establishes protocols for testing of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition of human body shape data and measurements. It does not apply to instruments that measure the motion of individual landmarks. While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, this document is also applicable to body-segment scanners (head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners). It applies to body scanners that measure the human body in a single view. When a hand-held scanner is evaluated, the human operator can contribute to the overall error. When systems are evaluated in which the participant is rotated, movement artefacts can be introduced; these can also contribute to the overall error. This document applies to the landmark positions determined by an anthropometrist. It does not apply to landmark positions automatically calculated by software from the point cloud. The quality of surface shape of the human body and landmark positions is influenced by the performance of scanner systems and humans, including measurers and participants. This document addresses the performance of scanner systems by using artefacts rather than human participants as test objects. Traditional instruments are required to be accurate to the millimetre. Their accuracy can be verified by comparing the instrument with a scale calibrated according to an international standard of length. To verify or specify the accuracy of body scanners, a calibrated test object with known form and size is used. The intended audience is those who use 3-D body scanners to create 3-D anthropometric databases, the users of these data, and body scanner designers and manufacturers. This document intends to provide the basis for agreement on the performance of body scanners between scanner users and scanner providers as well as between 3-D anthropometric database providers and data users.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the process references model (PRM) for human-centred design (HCD) according to ISO 9241-220, as well as the process assessment model (PAM) for assessing these processes, based on ISO/IEC 33020 and in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 33004. This HCD PAM contains a set of indicators to be considered while interpreting the intent of the HCD PRM defined in ISO 9241-220. These indicators can also be applied when implementing a process improvement programme post an assessment. NOTE 1 The PRM in this document focuses on assessing HCD processes rather than system life cycle, for example as in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, or software life cycle, as in ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207. NOTE 2 If processes beyond the scope of ISO 9241-220 are required, appropriate processes from other PRMs, such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207, ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 or ISO/TS 18152, can be added based on the business needs of the organization. The intended application of this document is computer-based interactive systems. While the processes apply to interactive systems that deliver services, they do not cover the design of those services. The relevant aspects of the processes can also be applied to simple or non-computer-based interactive systems. NOTE 3 HCD concentrates on the human-centred aspects of design and not on other aspects of design, such as mechanical construction, programming or the basic design of services. The process descriptions in this document provide the basis for a rigorous assessment of an enterprise’s capability to carry out human-centred processes in conformity with the ISO/IEC 33004 and ISO/IEC 33020. This document is intended for use by organizations that want to address and improve their treatment of human-centred design of either their internal systems or the products and services they provide, and the procurement of systems and parts of systems. The processes can be applied by small- and medium-sized enterprises as well as by large organizations. NOTE 4 The scope of application of the PAM is the same as that of the PRM, which is described in ISO 9241-220:2019, Clause 1.
- Standard102 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a model [the predicted heat strain (PHS) model] for the analytical determination and interpretation of the thermal stress (in terms of water loss and rectal temperature) experienced by an average person in a hot environment and determines the maximum allowable exposure times within which the physiological strain is acceptable for 95 % of the exposed population (the maximum tolerable rectal temperature and the maximum tolerable water loss are not exceeded by 95 % of the exposed people).
The various terms used in this prediction model and, in particular, in the heat balance, show the influence of the different physical parameters of the environment on the thermal stress experienced by the average person. In this way, this document makes it possible to determine which parameter or group of parameters can be changed, and to what extent, in order to reduce the risk of excessive physiological strain.
In its present form, this method of assessment is not applicable to cases where special protective clothing (e.g. fully reflective clothing, active cooling and ventilation, impermeable coveralls) is worn.
This document does not predict the physiological response of an individual person, but only considers average persons in good health and fit for the work they perform. It is therefore intended to be used by, among others, ergonomists and industrial hygienists, as the outcomes can require expert interpretations. Recommendations about how and when to use this model are given in ISO 8025.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a model [the predicted heat strain (PHS) model] for the analytical determination and interpretation of the thermal stress (in terms of water loss and rectal temperature) experienced by an average person in a hot environment and determines the maximum allowable exposure times within which the physiological strain is acceptable for 95 % of the exposed population (the maximum tolerable rectal temperature and the maximum tolerable water loss are not exceeded by 95 % of the exposed people). The various terms used in this prediction model and, in particular, in the heat balance, show the influence of the different physical parameters of the environment on the thermal stress experienced by the average person. In this way, this document makes it possible to determine which parameter or group of parameters can be changed, and to what extent, in order to reduce the risk of excessive physiological strain. In its present form, this method of assessment is not applicable to cases where special protective clothing (e.g. fully reflective clothing, active cooling and ventilation, impermeable coveralls) is worn. This document does not predict the physiological response of an individual person, but only considers average persons in good health and fit for the work they perform. It is therefore intended to be used by, among others, ergonomists and industrial hygienists, as the outcomes can require expert interpretations. Recommendations about how and when to use this model are given in ISO 8025.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard30 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides users with a summary of the existing knowledge about ergonomics considerations for the influence of sound in use environments on humans. It describes how unwanted effects of sound (noise) can be controlled. The main goals for controlling the acoustic use environment are reducing the rating level of sound in general, optimizing signal-to-noise ratio and sound reduction within the workspace. This document also provides users with organizational measures that can be taken if and when technical measures do not help sufficiently. Also included are measures on a personal level. This document deals with sound events that can cause extra-aural effects. Noise-induced hearing loss prevention and the ways to eliminate or reduce hazardous noise exposure are not covered by this document. The intended users of this document include: — developers of systems, products and services; — public and corporate purchasers; — occupational health and safety professionals; — architects and interior designers; — human resource professionals; — usability, ergonomics or human factors professionals; — users of interactive systems.
- Technical specification26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document contains test methods for comparing the performance of different ensembles as part of any PPE selection process.
This document does not replace the product standards for the certification of individual items of PPE. It specifies the testing of individual items of PPE as an ensemble, so that the interactions between the individual items of PPE can be evaluated and any adverse interactions between the individual items of PPE, the user and the environment can be identified.
It specifies requirements for testing by either assessing the performance of a PPE ensemble against a benchmark condition (i.e. benchmark testing) or assessing the performance of two or more PPE ensembles against each other (i.e. comparative testing).
This document incorporates examples of laboratory and field tests. It can also be used to assess the performance regarding the ergonomics of an ensemble that incorporates an item of PPE that has never before been incorporated into an ensemble, and the listed methods can be combined into dedicated test batteries for evaluating that ensemble.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is intended to be used alongside ISO/TR 12295, ISO 11226, the ISO 11228 series and ISO/TR 23476 in the construction sector. This document (although the examples shown refer only to the civil construction sector) gives information on how existing standards can be used in a global sector, such as construction. Where biomechanical overload is a relevant aspect, albeit with different characteristics, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common and specific preventive actions are needed. This document is intended to: 1) define the user(s) and fields for its application (including non-experts in ergonomics); 2) provide examples of procedures for hazard identification, risk estimation or evaluation and risk reduction in different agricultural settings, through: — more synthetic procedural schemes (main test); — more analytical explanations of the procedures, through mathematical models and application examples, and with the use of specific free simple tools in Annexes A, B and C.
- Technical report120 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides an overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards in the form of executive summaries of these standards, in particular the parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents. In addition, it provides executive summaries for ISO 9241-11, ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220, which have specific relevance to the design of software-based interactive systems.
This document is intended for the following types of users:
— managers, who are involved in planning and managing product, system and/or service development projects, who are to be informed on the human-centred design approach and on guidance on software ergonomics;
— developers, who will apply the guidance in these documents during the development process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance);
— user interface design roles (including interaction designers, information architects, user interface designers, visual designers and content creators), who will apply the guidance in these documents during the creation and design process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance);
— user researchers, who are responsible for identifying user needs and inform context of use of a product, system or service;
— evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products, systems or services meet the recommendations contained in these documents;
— buyers, who will reference these documents in contracts during product procurement;
— designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers and developers.
While the documents are applicable to all types of interactive systems, they do not cover the specifics of every context of use, such as safety critical systems and collaborative work.
- Technical report32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides information relating to the specification of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens at visual display workstations in indoor location, in accordance with ISO 9241-307:2008 clause 5.2. The decision guidance is limited to LCD screens, since these are typically used at workstations.
The information is intended to support managerial decision makers (e. g. procurement operators, companies’ safety committees, occupational safety and health professionals), who are responsible for the acquisition of visual displays.
- Technical report22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document builds upon the information provided in ISO/IEC TR 24714-1, ISO/IEC TR 29194 and ISO/IEC 29138-1 in order to highlight in a more detailed way the medical, physical and cognitive aspects that are specific for the use of biometrics by elderly persons.
- Technical report9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance on the design, selection and optimization of non-contacting hand and arm gestures for human-computer interaction. It addresses the assessment of usability and fatigue associated with different gesture set designs and provides recommendations for approaches to evaluating the design and selection of gestures. This document also provides guidance on the documentation of the process for selecting gesture sets.
This document applies to gestures expressed by humans. It does not consider the technology for detecting gestures or the system response when interpreting a gesture. Non-contacting hand gestures can be used for input in a variety of settings, including the workplace or in public settings and when using fixed screens, mobile, virtual reality, augmented reality or mixed-mode reality devices.
Some limitations of this document are:
— The scope is limited to non-contacting gestures and does not include other forms of inputs. For example, combining gesture with speech, gaze or head position can reduce input error, but these combinations are not considered here.
— The scope is limited to non-contacting arm, hand and finger gestures, either unilateral (one-handed) or bilateral (two-handed).
— The scope assumes that all technological constraints are surmountable. Therefore, there is no consideration of technological limitations with interpreting ultra-rapid gestures, gestures performed by people of different skin tones or wearing different colours or patterns of clothing.
— The scope is limited to UI-based command-and-control human computer interaction (HCI) tasks and does not include gaming scenarios, although the traversal of in-game menus and navigation of UI elements is within scope.
— The scope does not include HCI tasks for which an obviously more optimal input method exists. For example, speech input is superior for inputting text than gesture input.
— The scope includes virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) and the use of head-mounted displays (HMDs).
— The scope does not include the discoverability of gestures but does include the learnability and memorability of gestures. It is assumed that product documentation and tutorials will adequately educate end users about which gestures are possible. Therefore, assessing gesture discoverability is not a primary goal of the recommendations in this document.
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides an overview of ISO 9241 software ergonomic standards in the form of executive summaries of these standards, in particular the parts in the ISO 9241-1XX family of documents. In addition, it provides executive summaries for ISO 9241-11, ISO 9241-210 and ISO 9241-220, which have specific relevance to the design of software-based interactive systems. This document is intended for the following types of users: — managers, who are involved in planning and managing product, system and/or service development projects, who are to be informed on the human-centred design approach and on guidance on software ergonomics; — developers, who will apply the guidance in these documents during the development process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance); — user interface design roles (including interaction designers, information architects, user interface designers, visual designers and content creators), who will apply the guidance in these documents during the creation and design process (either directly, based on training, or by using tools and style guides which incorporate the guidance); — user researchers, who are responsible for identifying user needs and inform context of use of a product, system or service; — evaluators, who are responsible for ensuring that products, systems or services meet the recommendations contained in these documents; — buyers, who will reference these documents in contracts during product procurement; — designers of user interface development tools and style guides to be used by user interface designers and developers. While the documents are applicable to all types of interactive systems, they do not cover the specifics of every context of use, such as safety critical systems and collaborative work.
- Technical report24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical report26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides information relating to the specification of liquid crystal display (LCD) screens at visual display workstations in indoor locations, in accordance with ISO 9241-307:2008, 5.2. The information is limited to LCD screens, since these are typically used at workstations.
The information is intended to support managerial decision makers (e.g. procurement operators, companies’ safety committees, occupational safety and health professionals) who are responsible for the acquisition of visual displays.
- Technical report22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides ergonomic requirements and recommendations for increasing accessibility in terms of ease of operation through the design of products and controls of daily use. It is intended to aid the design of products and equipment that can be handled and manipulated easily and comfortably by people with the widest range of physical characteristics, capabilities and limitations across the widest age range. The requirements and recommendations specified in this document are based on general accessibility considerations as well as specific design considerations based on human physical characteristics, capabilities and limitations related to the operation of products and equipment, such as body size, strength, reach range and dexterity. Some considerations of cognitive factors are also presented. Products and equipment for professional use only, as well as those used only by technical experts, are not covered in this document. Design aspects related only to information and marking are not included. This document includes no general ergonomic requirements or recommendations for manual handling, working postures or safety of machinery but the contents are based on general knowledge of those issues. NOTE ISO 11226, ISO 11228-1, ISO 11228-2, ISO 11228-3, EN 894-3+A1, EN 1005-2, EN 1005-3, EN 1005-4 and EN 1005-5 provide ergonomic requirements and recommendations for manual handling, working postures and safety of machinery.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is intended to provide guidance in the use of anthropometric data within the ISO 9241-500 series.
- Technical report16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes methods for determining the composition of groups of persons whose anthropometric characteristics are to be representative of the intended user population of any specific object under test.
This document is applicable to the testing of anthropometric aspects of industrial products and designs having direct contact with the human body or dependent on human body measurements, such as machinery, work equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE), consumer goods, working spaces, architectural details or transportation equipment.
This document is also applicable to the testing of such safety aspects of products that are dependent on human body measurements. It does not deal with other aspects of the task or other requirements, such as perception of information (except geometrical arrangement of the viewing targets) and the use of controls (except their geometrical placement).
Although this document deals with selecting test persons from an anthropometric perspective, similar general principles can be applied for other test variables, e.g. biomechanical aspects.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The present document specifies the functional accessibility requirements applicable to ICT products and services, together with a description of the test procedures and evaluation methodology for each accessibility requirement in a form that is suitable for use in public procurement within Europe. The present document is intended to be used with Web based technologies, non-web technologies and hybrids that use both. It covers both software and hardware as well as services. It is intended for use by both providers and procurers, but it is expected that it will also be of use to many others as well. The relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of Directive 2016/2102 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies is given in Annex A. The present document contains the necessary functional requirements and provides a reference document such that if procedures are followed by different actors, the results of testing are similar and the interpretation of those results is clear. The test descriptions and evaluation methodology included in the present document are elaborated to a level of detail compliant with ISO/IEC 17007:2009, so that conformance testing can give conclusive results.
- Standard181 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for workstation ergonomic design of baggage handling agents for individual pieces of baggage checked-in by airline passengers at airports to be carried into aircraft cargo holds. This document applies to all manual handling workplaces in the processing chain for sorting, safe handling and routing of the baggage (containers and bulk baggage, departure and arrival circuits, at terminal and at aircraft, excluding passenger check-in process and loading into aircraft cargo holds). This document doesn't apply to manual handling of odd-sized baggage. This document does not specify the baggage handling systems in and out of airport terminals, except the baggage weights and dimensions to be handled and the critical characteristics of manual workstations. This document does not specify the baggage handling systems in the aircraft.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document establishes methods for determining the composition of groups of persons whose
anthropometric characteristics are to be representative of the intended user population of any specific
object under test.
This document is applicable to the testing of anthropometric aspects of industrial products and designs
having direct contact with the human body or dependent on human body measurements, such as
machinery, work equipment, personal protective equipment (PPE), consumer goods, working spaces,
architectural details or transportation equipment.
This document is also applicable to the testing of such safety aspects of products that are dependent on
human body measurements. It does not deal with other aspects of the task or other requirements, such
as perception of information (except geometrical arrangement of the viewing targets) and the use of
controls (except their geometrical placement).
Although this document deals with selecting test persons from an anthropometric perspective, similar
general principles can be applied for other test variables, e.g. biomechanical aspects.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is intended to provide guidance in the use of anthropometric data within the ISO 9241-500 series.
- Technical report16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides users of interactive systems with a summary of the existing knowledge about ergonomics considerations for the influence of artificial (electric) and natural lighting of environments on humans other than on vision, with a focus on non-image-forming effects. The document can furthermore be used as guidance on the specification of use environments in consideration of non-visual effects of lighting, also called non-image-forming (NIF) functions. Therapeutic use of light and optical radiation is not part of this document.
- Technical report35 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes the requirements and recommendations for image contents and electronic display systems to reduce visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), while viewing images on electronic displays.
This document is applicable to electronic display systems, including flat panel displays, projectors with a screen, and virtual reality (VR) type of head mounted displays (HMDs), but not including HMDs that present electronic images on/with real-world scenes.
NOTE 1 This document assumes the images are viewed under appropriate defined conditions. See Annex B for the appropriate viewing conditions.
NOTE 2 This document is useful for the design, development, and supply of image contents, as well as electronic displays for reducing VIMS.
NOTE 3 ISO 9241‑392[3] provides guidelines for stereoscopic 3D displays, of which the methods are also used in HMDs.
NOTE 4 The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) generally sets the standards for broadcasting.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides both general and specific ergonomic requirements and recommendations for accessible tactile/haptic interactive systems, including accessible tactile/haptic interactions.
This document provides guidance for increasing the accessibility of interactive systems making use of tactile/haptic input/output modalities such as gestures, vibration, and force feedback. The guidance provided also supports alternative input modalities and the use of different output representations.
This document provides guidance for tactile/haptic interactions that is applicable to a variety of interactive systems, including assistive technologies (AT).
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 9241-940:2017
- describes the types of methods that can be used for the evaluation of haptic devices and of systems that include haptic devices,
- specifies a procedure for the evaluation of haptic interactions by a usability walkthrough or usability test (see Annex J), and
- provides guidance on the types of methods that are appropriate for the evaluation of specific attributes of haptic systems, cross-referenced to the guidance in the relevant clauses of other International Standards (see Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F and G).
It applies to the following types of interaction:
- augmented reality - information overlaid on a real scene, e.g. vibrating belt indicating distance;
- gesture control of a device or a virtual scenario;
- unidirectional interaction such as a vibrating phone or a vibrating belt;
- virtual environment - virtual space with which a user can interact with the aid of a haptic device.
ISO 9241-940:2017 applies to the following types of devices:
- gesture sensor, e.g. video that discerns 3D hand movements, touch screens that sense 2D touches;
- kinaesthetic haptic device, e.g. desktop haptic interface;
- tactile display, e.g. vibrating phone.
ISO 9241-940:2017 is not applicable to standard input devices such as keyboards, mice or track balls.
NOTE ISO 9241‑400 covers standard input devices, and ISO 9241‑411 applies to the evaluation of input devices such as keyboards and mice.
ISO 9241-940:2017 can be used to identify the types of methods and measures for
- establishing benchmarks,
- establishing requirements for haptic interaction,
- identifying problems with haptic interaction (formative evaluation), and
- use of the criteria to establish whether a haptic system meets requirements (summative evaluation).
- Standard110 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies different methods for the determination of metabolic rate in the context of ergonomics of the thermal working environment. It can also be used for other applications, e.g. the assessment of working practices, the energetic cost of specific jobs or sport activities and the total energy cost of an activity. The methods are classified in four levels of increasing accuracy: level 1, Screening, with a table giving examples of activities with low, moderate and high metabolic rates; level 2, Observation, where the metabolic rate is estimated by a time and motion study; level 3, Analysis, where the metabolic rate is estimated from heart rate recordings or accelerometers measurements; and level 4, Expertise, where more sophisticated techniques are described. The procedure to put into practice these methods is presented and the uncertainties are discussed.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides:
a) an introduction to the importance of accessibility to human-system interaction;
b) a discussion of the relationship of principles within the ISO 9241 series and accessibility;
c) descriptions of activities related to the processes in ISO 9241-210 that focus on accessibility;
d) references to standards relevant to the accessibility of interactive systems.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides both general and specific ergonomic requirements and recommendations for accessible tactile/haptic interactive systems, including accessible tactile/haptic interactions.
This document provides guidance for increasing the accessibility of interactive systems making use of tactile/haptic input/output modalities such as gestures, vibration, and force feedback. The guidance provided also supports alternative input modalities and the use of different output representations.
This document provides guidance for tactile/haptic interactions that is applicable to a variety of interactive systems, including assistive technologies (AT).
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day