ISO 12405-2:2012
(Main)Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 2: High-energy applications
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems — Part 2: High-energy applications
Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Spécifications d'essai pour des installations de batterie de traction aux ions lithium — Partie 2: Applications à haute énergie
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12405-2
First edition
2012-07-01
Electrically propelled road vehicles —
Test specification for lithium-ion traction
battery packs and systems —
Part 2:
High-energy applications
Véhicules routiers à propulsion électrique — Spécifications d’essai pour
des installations de batterie de traction aux ions lithium —
Partie 2: Applications à haute énergie
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 General requirements . 5
5.1 General conditions . 5
5.2 Test sequence plan . 6
5.3 Tests . 6
5.4 Battery pack - typical configuration . 8
5.5 Battery system - typical configuration . 8
5.6 Preparation of battery pack and system for bench testing . 11
6 General tests . 11
6.1 Pre-conditioning cycles . 11
6.2 Standard cycle (SC) .12
7 Performance tests .12
7.1 Energy and capacity at RT .12
7.2 Energy and capacity at different temperatures and discharge rates .14
7.3 Power and internal resistance .17
7.4 Energy efficiency at fast charging .24
7.5 No load SOC loss .26
7.6 SOC loss at storage .28
7.7 Cycle life .29
8 Reliability tests .40
8.1 Dewing (temperature change) .40
8.2 Thermal shock cycling .43
8.3 Vibration .43
8.4 Mechanical shock .49
9 Abuse tests .50
9.1 Information .50
9.2 Short circuit protection .50
9.3 Overcharge protection .51
9.4 Over-discharge protection .51
Annex A (informative) Battery pack and system and overview on tests .53
Annex B (informative) Examples of data sheets for battery pack and system testing .55
Annex C (informative) Example of test conditions .59
Bibliography .60
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12405-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 21,
Electrically propelled road vehicles.
ISO 12405 consists of the following parts, under the general title Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test
specification for lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems:
— Part 1: High-power applications
— Part 2: High-energy applications
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 3: Safety performance requirements
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Lithium-ion based battery systems are an efficient alternative energy storage system for electrically propelled
vehicles. The requirements for lithium-ion based battery systems to be used as a power source for the propulsion
of electric road vehicles are significantly different from those for batteries used for consumer electronics or
stationary usage.
ISO 12405 provides specific test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems specially developed for
propulsion of road vehicles. It specifies such tests and related requirements to ensure that a battery pack or
system is able to meet the specific needs of the automobile industry. It enables vehicle manufacturers to choose
test procedures to evaluate the characteristics of a battery pack or system for their specific requirements.
A coordination of test specifications for battery cells, packs and systems for automotive application is necessary
for practical usage of standards.
Specifications for battery cells are given in IEC 62660-1 and IEC 62660-2.
Some tests as prescribed within this specification are based on existing specifications: USABC, EUCAR,
FreedomCar and other sources.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12405-2:2012(E)
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Test specification for
lithium-ion traction battery packs and systems —
Part 2:
High-energy applications
1 Scope
ISO 12405 specifies test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems to be used in electrically
propelled road vehicles.
The specified test procedures enable the user of ISO 12405 to determine the essential characteristics of
performance, reliability and abuse of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. They also assist the user in
comparing the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems.
Therefore the objective of ISO 12405 is to specify standard test procedures for the basic characteristics of
performance, reliability and abuse of lithium-ion battery packs and systems.
ISO 12405 enables the setting up of a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to
an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions
of lithium-ion battery packs and systems can be selected from the standard tests provided in ISO 12405 to
configure a dedicated test plan.
This part of ISO 12405 specifies the tests for high-energy battery packs and systems.
NOTE 1 Typical applications for high-energy battery packs and systems are battery electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in
hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV).
NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660-1 and IEC 62660-2.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6469-1, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 1: On-board rechargeable
energy storage system (RESS)
ISO 6469-3, Electrically propelled road vehicles — Safety specifications — Part 3: Protection of persons
against electric shock
ISO 16750-1, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 1: General
ISO 16750-3, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 3: Mechanical loads
ISO 16750-4, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 4: Climatic loads
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testing — Part 2-30: Tests — Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
IEC 60068-2-47, Environmental testing — Part 2-47: Tests — Mounting of specimens for vibration, impact and
similar dynamic tests
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and guidance
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
battery control unit
BCU
electronic device that controls or manages or detects or calculates electric and thermal functions of the battery
system and that provides communication between the battery system and other vehicle controllers
NOTE See also 5.5.1 for further explanation.
3.2
battery pack
mechanical assembly comprising battery cells and retaining frames or trays, and possibly components for
battery management
NOTE See 5.4 and A.2 for further explanation.
3.3
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as electrical circuits
and electronics
NOTE 1 See 5.5.2, 5.5.3, A.3.1 and A.3.2 for further explanation. Battery system components can also be distributed
in different devices within the vehicle.
NOTE 2 Examples of electronics are the BCU and contactors.
3.4
capacity
total number of ampere hours that can be withdrawn from a battery under specified conditions
3.5
cell electronics
electronic device that collects and possibly monitors thermal and electric data of cells or cell assemblies and
contains electronics for cell balancing, if necessary
NOTE The cell electronics may include a cell controller. The functionality of cell balancing may be controlled by the
cell electronics or it may be controlled by the BCU.
3.6
customer
party that is interested in using the battery pack or system and therefore orders or performs the test
EXAMPLE vehicle manufacturer
3.7
device under test
DUT
battery pack or battery syste
...
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