ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Aug-2026
• ICS: 35.060 - Languages used in information technology
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 - Data management and interchange
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 3 - Database language
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 03-Aug-2026
• Completion Date: 03-Aug-2026

• Corrects: ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023 - Information technology — Database languages SQL — Part 15: Multidimensional arrays (SQL/MDA)
• Effective Date: 07-Jan-2026

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 is an ISO technical corrigendum to ISO/IEC 9075-15, the SQL part for multidimensional arrays (SQL/MDA). It corrects specific text in the SQL/MDA rules so database implementers, vendors, and conformance testers apply the same behavior for array extents, axes, and UPDATE processing.

What does ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 specify?

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 specifies targeted corrections to ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023. It updates the wording and rules for MD-arrays, the maximum number of , and the evaluation of a .

The corrigendum is organized as changes in these parts of the base document:

• Clause 4 - Concepts
• Clause 10 - Additional common elements
• Clause 14 - Additional data manipulation rules

In practice, this is a correction document, not a standalone feature standard. Readers use it together with ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023 when they need the corrected SQL/MDA behavior.

What are the key requirements of ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026?

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 mainly corrects how SQL/MDA compares extents and how UPDATE-style set clauses are evaluated. The practical effect is to remove ambiguity in implementation and testing.

Clause 4 - corrected definition of “within”

Clause 4.5.2 replaces the paragraph that defines when one MD-extent is within another. The corrected rule ties the relationship to the number of dimensions and the coordinate ranges for each dimension.

For implementers, this matters when validating array containment or comparing nested extents. A database engine must use the corrected “within” test consistently in expression evaluation and conformance checks.

Clause 10 - implementation-defined limit on

Clause 10.1 updates the syntax rule for . The maximum number of is implementation-defined, and the dimension count d must not exceed that maximum.

In practice, an implementation may set its own ceiling for the number of axes it supports. Users and test writers need to stay within that product limit when defining multidimensional arrays.

Clause 14 - evaluation of a

Clause 14.1 corrects the description of evaluating a . It defines the function output as CANDIDATE NEW ROW and adds the missing subclause signature.

This matters for UPDATE behavior in SQL/MDA. The document makes clear that the evaluation rules produce a candidate row before it becomes the updated row value.

Clause 14 - updated handling of MD-array targets

Clause 14.1 also clarifies how an that immediately contains an or is handled. The rules now place that context directly into the update processing steps.

For readers, this means the update logic must follow the corrected nesting and target interpretation when modifying parts of an MD-array. That affects both parser behavior and execution logic.

Clause 14 - corrected exception conditions and iteration

Clause 14.1 corrects the null-value case for MD-array targets and the check for whether a source MD-extent is strictly within the target MD-extent. It also corrects the iteration used to build coordinates from sliced axes.

In practice, these changes affect error handling and the step-by-step mechanics of array updates. An implementation must raise the corrected data exceptions and iterate with the corrected coordinate construction.

What terms does ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 define?

• MD-array - A multidimensional array in SQL/MDA, used to store values across multiple axes.
• MD-extent - The bounded multidimensional region described by axis limits for an MD-array.
• MD-dimension - The number of dimensions associated with an MD-extent.
• - The collection of set clauses evaluated during an UPDATE-style operation.
• SUBJECT ROW - The row being processed by the rules for evaluating a .
• CANDIDATE NEW ROW - The row value returned by the evaluation rules before it becomes the new row.
• - A slice-based selector used inside an update target for MD-array processing.
• - A subset-based selector used inside an update target for MD-array processing.

Who uses ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026?

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 is used by people who implement or verify SQL/MDA support. That includes database engine developers, SQL standardization and conformance teams, test engineers, and vendors building products that store or update multidimensional arrays.

Quality managers and buyers use it when they need to check whether a product follows the corrected SQL/MDA rules, especially for array comparison, update semantics, and exception handling. It is also relevant in data management teams that review portability between database systems.

What changed in ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 from the previous edition?

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 is Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023. The stated corrections are:

• A corrected definition of when one MD-extent is “within” another
• A clarified implementation-defined maximum number of
• A corrected description and signature for evaluating a
• A corrected context for containing or
• Corrected symbols, subscript notation, and iteration steps
• Corrected exception handling for null MD-array targets and source extents not strictly within target extents

Which standards are used with ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026?

• ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023 - The base SQL/MDA part that this corrigendum amends and corrects.

What does the ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 document contain?

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor 1:2026 contains short technical replacements rather than a full rewrite of the SQL/MDA part. The text shown corrects a paragraph in Clause 4, a syntax rule in Clause 10, and several rules in Clause 14.

It includes revised wording for a definition, an updated syntax rule, a new subclause signature, and corrected general rules. The document also updates exception conditions and the iteration logic used in array update evaluation.

For implementers, these changes are mainly about parser behavior, evaluation order, and error handling. For test writers, they provide the corrected basis for conformance tests on MD-array containment and UPDATE processing.

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 9075-15
Second edition
Information technology — Database
2023-06
languages SQL —
TECHNICAL
Part 15:
CORRIGENDUM 1
Multidimensional arrays (SQL/
2026-08
MDA)
TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1
Technologies de l'information — Langages de base de données
SQL —
Partie 15: Tableaux multi-dimensionnels (SQL/MDA)
RECTIFICATIF TECHNIQUE 1
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor. 1:2026(en) © ISO/IEC 2026

ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor. 1:2026(en)
© ISO/IEC 2026
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© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor.1:2026(en)
Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC
1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
© ISO/IEC 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023/Cor. 1:2026(en)
4 Concepts
4.5 Collectiontypes
4.5.2 MD-arrays
1. Rationale: Correctthedefinitionof“within”.
th
Replacethe4 paragraphwith:
AnMD-extentD,denotedas[DN (DLO :DHI),.,DN (DLO :DHI)],iswithinanotherMD-extent
1 1 1 d d d
E,denotedas[EN (ELO :EHI),.,EN (ELO :EHI)],whereeistheisMD-dimensionofE,ifd≤
1 1 1 e e e
e,and,foralli,1(one)≤i≤d,allofthefollowingaretrue:
10 Additionalcommonelements
10.1
1. Rationale: Allowthemaximumtobespecified.
ReplaceSyntaxRule3)b)with:
3) .
b) Themaximumnumberofisimplementation-defined(IL203).dshallbeless
thanorequaltothismaximumvalue.
14 Additionaldatamanipulationrules
14.1 Evaluatinga ...