ISO 14687:2019
(Main)Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
This document specifies the minimum quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel as distributed for utilization in vehicular and stationary applications. It is applicable to hydrogen fuelling applications, which are listed in Table 1.
Qualité du carburant hydrogène — Spécification de produit
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14687
First edition
2019-11
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product
specification
Qualité du carburant hydrogène — Spécification de produit
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification and application . 3
4.1 Classification . 3
4.2 Application . 3
5 Hydrogen quality requirements for PEM fuel cell road vehicle application .4
5.1 Fuel quality specification . 4
5.2 Analytical method . 5
5.3 Sampling . 5
5.4 Hydrogen quality control . 5
6 Hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, quality requirements for PEM fuel cell
stationary applications . 6
6.1 Fuel quality specification . 6
6.2 Quality verification . 7
6.2.1 General requirements . 7
6.2.2 Analytical requirements of the qualification tests . 7
6.2.3 Report results . 8
6.3 Sampling . 8
6.3.1 Sample size . 8
6.3.2 Selection of the sampling point . 8
6.3.3 Sampling procedure . 8
6.3.4 Particulates in gaseous hydrogen . 8
7 Hydrogen quality requirements for applications other than PEM fuel cell road
vehicle and stationary applications . 8
7.1 Fuel quality specification . 8
7.2 Quality verification . 9
7.2.1 General requirements . 9
7.2.2 Production qualification tests .10
7.3 Sampling .10
7.3.1 Sample size .10
7.3.2 Gaseous samples .10
7.3.3 Liquid samples (vaporized).10
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the selection of the boundary point for PEM fuel cell
stationary applications .11
Annex B (informative) Rationale for the selection of hydrogen impurities to be measured
for PEM fuel cell stationary applications .14
Annex C (informative) Pressure swing adsorption and applicability of CO as an indicator
for PEM fuel cell stationary applications .16
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies.
This first edition of ISO 14687 cancels and replaces ISO 14687-1:1999, ISO 14687-2:2012 and
ISO 14687-3:2014. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO 14687-1:1999/Cor 1:2001 and
ISO 14687-1:1999/Cor 2:2008.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As mentioned in the Foreword, this document is a combination of three former standards for the
specifications of hydrogen fuel, ISO 14687-1, ISO 14687-2 and ISO 14687-3, incorporating their revisions
at the same time.
In recent years, PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell technologies have shown a remarkable
progress such as lowering of platinum (Pt)-loading, thinned electrolyte membrane, operation with
high current density and operation under low humidity. With this progress, it has become necessary to
reconsider the tolerances of hydrogen impurities for the PEM fuel cells which were previously specified
in ISO 14687-2 and ISO 14687-3.
Therefore, this document has been mainly revised based on the research and development of PEM fuel
[1], [3] to [15]
cells focusing on the following items :
— PEM fuel cell catalyst and fuel cell tolerance to hydrogen fuel impurities;
— effects/mechanisms of impurities on fuel cell power systems and components;
— impurity detection and measurement techniques for laboratory, production and in-field operations;
— fuel cell vehicle demonstration and stationary fuel cell demonstration results.
The grade D and the grade E of this document are intended to apply to PEM fuel cells for road vehicles
and stationary appliances respectively. These aim to facilitate the provision of hydrogen of reliable
quality balanced with acceptable lower cost for the hydrogen fuel supply.
This document reflects the state of the art at the date of its publication, but since the quality
requirements for hydrogen technology applications are developing rapidly, this document may need to
be further revised in the future according to technological progress.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14687:2019(E)
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel as distributed for
utilization in vehicular and stationary applications.
It is applicable to hydrogen fuelling applications, which are listed in Table 1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19880-8, Gaseous Hydrogen — Fuelling stations — Part 8: Fuel Quality Control
ISO 21087, Gas analysis — Analytical methods for hydrogen fuel — Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cell applications for road vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
boundary point
point between the hydrogen fuel supply equipment (3.13)
and the PEM fuel cell power system (3.9) at which the quality characteristics of the hydrogen fuel are to
be determined
3.2
constituent
component (or compound) found within a hydrogen fuel mixture
3.3
contaminant
impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system (3.8), the fuel cell power
system (3.9) or the hydrogen storage system
Note 1 to entry: An adverse effect can be reversible or irreversible.
3.4
customer
party responsible for sourcing hydrogen fuel in order
to operate the fuel cell power system (3.9)
3.5
detect
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14687
First edition
2019-11
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product
specification
Qualité du carburant hydrogène — Spécification de produit
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification and application . 3
4.1 Classification . 3
4.2 Application . 3
5 Hydrogen quality requirements for PEM fuel cell road vehicle application .4
5.1 Fuel quality specification . 4
5.2 Analytical method . 5
5.3 Sampling . 5
5.4 Hydrogen quality control . 5
6 Hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels, quality requirements for PEM fuel cell
stationary applications . 6
6.1 Fuel quality specification . 6
6.2 Quality verification . 7
6.2.1 General requirements . 7
6.2.2 Analytical requirements of the qualification tests . 7
6.2.3 Report results . 8
6.3 Sampling . 8
6.3.1 Sample size . 8
6.3.2 Selection of the sampling point . 8
6.3.3 Sampling procedure . 8
6.3.4 Particulates in gaseous hydrogen . 8
7 Hydrogen quality requirements for applications other than PEM fuel cell road
vehicle and stationary applications . 8
7.1 Fuel quality specification . 8
7.2 Quality verification . 9
7.2.1 General requirements . 9
7.2.2 Production qualification tests .10
7.3 Sampling .10
7.3.1 Sample size .10
7.3.2 Gaseous samples .10
7.3.3 Liquid samples (vaporized).10
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the selection of the boundary point for PEM fuel cell
stationary applications .11
Annex B (informative) Rationale for the selection of hydrogen impurities to be measured
for PEM fuel cell stationary applications .14
Annex C (informative) Pressure swing adsorption and applicability of CO as an indicator
for PEM fuel cell stationary applications .16
Bibliography .17
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies.
This first edition of ISO 14687 cancels and replaces ISO 14687-1:1999, ISO 14687-2:2012 and
ISO 14687-3:2014. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO 14687-1:1999/Cor 1:2001 and
ISO 14687-1:1999/Cor 2:2008.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
As mentioned in the Foreword, this document is a combination of three former standards for the
specifications of hydrogen fuel, ISO 14687-1, ISO 14687-2 and ISO 14687-3, incorporating their revisions
at the same time.
In recent years, PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell technologies have shown a remarkable
progress such as lowering of platinum (Pt)-loading, thinned electrolyte membrane, operation with
high current density and operation under low humidity. With this progress, it has become necessary to
reconsider the tolerances of hydrogen impurities for the PEM fuel cells which were previously specified
in ISO 14687-2 and ISO 14687-3.
Therefore, this document has been mainly revised based on the research and development of PEM fuel
[1], [3] to [15]
cells focusing on the following items :
— PEM fuel cell catalyst and fuel cell tolerance to hydrogen fuel impurities;
— effects/mechanisms of impurities on fuel cell power systems and components;
— impurity detection and measurement techniques for laboratory, production and in-field operations;
— fuel cell vehicle demonstration and stationary fuel cell demonstration results.
The grade D and the grade E of this document are intended to apply to PEM fuel cells for road vehicles
and stationary appliances respectively. These aim to facilitate the provision of hydrogen of reliable
quality balanced with acceptable lower cost for the hydrogen fuel supply.
This document reflects the state of the art at the date of its publication, but since the quality
requirements for hydrogen technology applications are developing rapidly, this document may need to
be further revised in the future according to technological progress.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14687:2019(E)
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
1 Scope
This document specifies the minimum quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel as distributed for
utilization in vehicular and stationary applications.
It is applicable to hydrogen fuelling applications, which are listed in Table 1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19880-8, Gaseous Hydrogen — Fuelling stations — Part 8: Fuel Quality Control
ISO 21087, Gas analysis — Analytical methods for hydrogen fuel — Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel
cell applications for road vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
boundary point
point between the hydrogen fuel supply equipment (3.13)
and the PEM fuel cell power system (3.9) at which the quality characteristics of the hydrogen fuel are to
be determined
3.2
constituent
component (or compound) found within a hydrogen fuel mixture
3.3
contaminant
impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system (3.8), the fuel cell power
system (3.9) or the hydrogen storage system
Note 1 to entry: An adverse effect can be reversible or irreversible.
3.4
customer
party responsible for sourcing hydrogen fuel in order
to operate the fuel cell power system (3.9)
3.5
detect
...
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