ISO 22010:2022
(Main)Space systems — Mass properties control
Space systems — Mass properties control
This document describes a process for managing, controlling and monitoring the mass properties of space systems. The relationship between this management plan and the performance parameters for mass properties to be met throughout the mission is described. Ground handling, dynamics analysis and test set-ups that rely on accurate mass properties inputs are identified. This document covers all programme phases from pre-proposal through to end of life.
Systèmes spatiaux — Contrôle des propriétés de masse
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22010
Second edition
2022-11
Space systems — Mass properties
control
Systèmes spatiaux — Contrôle des propriétés de masse
Reference number
ISO 22010:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 3
5 Mass properties control plan . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Control process . 3
5.2.1 Basis of the process . 3
5.2.2 Requirements definition . 4
5.2.3 Mass reduction plan . 4
5.2.4 Mass properties control board (MPCB) . 4
5.2.5 Mass allocation and trend analysis . 4
5.2.6 Mass properties monitoring . 5
5.2.7 Subcontractor mass properties control . 5
5.3 Documentation . 5
5.3.1 General . 5
5.3.2 Control plan . 5
5.3.3 Report plan . 5
5.3.4 Analysis plan . 5
5.3.5 Verification plan . . . 6
5.3.6 Status reports . 6
5.3.7 Trend analysis reports . 6
5.4 Analysis . 7
5.4.1 General . 7
5.4.2 Flight hardware analysis . 7
5.4.3 Ground handling . 8
5.4.4 Special analysis . . 8
5.4.5 Verification . 9
Annex A (informative) Mass growth guidelines .11
Bibliography .12
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22010:2007), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the reference to ANSI/AIAA S-120-2015 has been changed to ANSI/AIAA S-120-2015 (2019);
— the reference to "SAWE Recommended Practice Number A-3 (RP-A-3), Mass Properties Control for
Space Systems" has been added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
Introduction
This document establishes the minimum requirements for providing adequate control of the mass
properties of space systems to meet mission requirements. In addition, many recommended practices
that add value to the mass properties monitoring tasks are presented. Throughout this document, the
minimum essential criteria are identified by the use of the key word “shall.” Recommended criteria are
identified by the use of the key word “should,” and while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary
importance in providing timely and accurate mass properties support for contracts. It is advisable
that deviations from the recommended criteria only occur after careful consideration and thorough
evaluation have shown alternative methods to be satisfactory.
The requirements can be tailored for each specific space programme application.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22010:2022(E)
Space systems — Mass properties control
1 Scope
This document describes a process for managing, controlling and monitoring the mass properties of
space systems. The relationship between this management plan and the performance parameters for
mass properties to be met throughout the mission is described. Ground handling, dynamics analysis
and test set-ups that rely on accurate mass properties inputs are identified. This document covers all
programme phases from pre-proposal through to end of life.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22108, Space systems — Non-flight items in flight hardware — Identification and control
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
basic mass
best engineering estimate based on an assessment of the most recent baseline design, excluding mass
growth allowance (3.8)
3.2
calculated properties
mass properties (3.9) determined from released drawings or controlled computer models
3.3
contractor limit
predicted mass (3.13) plus a contractor margin (3.4) to allow for uncertainties during the design cycle
3.4
contractor margin
system margin
difference between the contractor limit (3.3) and the predicted mass (3.13)
3.5
customer reserve
allowance defined by the customer according to the agreements of the contract
3.6
estimated properties
mass properties (3.9) determined from preliminary data, such as sketches or calculations from layout
drawings
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
3.7
mass control parameters
factors used as an indicator of the basic mass (3.1), predicted mass (3.13) and margins/limits for a space
system (3.14)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.8
mass growth allowance
predicted change to the basic mass (3.1) of an item, based on an assessment of the design and fabrication
status of the item and an estimate of the in-scope design changes that may still occur
Note 1 to entry: See Annex A.
Note 2 to entry: This mass growth allowance is not intended to be a tolerance.
Note 3 to entry: Figure 1 is an illustration of related terms commonly used in reporting mass properties (3.9)
during the development of space systems (3.14) hardware.
Key
X time 6 mass growth allowance
Y mass 7 basic mass
1 mission limit 8 authorization to proceed
2 contractor limit 9 preliminary design review
3 customer reserve 10 critical design review
4 contractor margin/system margin 11 actual mass
5 predicted mass 12 system delivery
Figure 1 — Mass control parameters
3.9
mass properties
mass, centre of gravity, moments of inertia, and products of inertia
3.10
mass properties categories
criteria used to indicate the confidence in or maturity of the design
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
3.11
measured properties
mass properties (3.9) determined by measurement or by comparison of nearly identical components, for
which measured mass properties are available
3.12
mission limit
maximum mass that can satisfy all of the mission performance requirements
3.13
predicted mass
sum of the basic mass (3.1) and the mass growth allowance (3.8), intended to estimate the final mass at
system delivery
3.14
space system
system that contains at least a space, a ground or a launch segment
Note 1 to entry: This document addresses only flight systems: launch vehicles, satellites, space vehicles, or
components thereof.
4 Abbreviated terms
ACS attitude control system
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ATP authorization to proceed
GSE ground support equipment
MPCB mass properties control board
NTE not to exceed
TPM technical performance measurement
5 Mass properties control plan
5.1 General
A mass properties control plan shall be documented.
A mass properties control plan shall be based on the critical parameters that need to be controlled. In
some cases, that may only be mass. In the extreme, a spin-stabilized space system may have a set of
requirements that warrants control of all the mass properties, including final measurements of mass,
centre of mass, and moments and products of inertia. The depth and detail of analysis, reporting and
testing shall reflect the critical parameters.
5.2 Control process
5.2.1 Basis of the process
The mass properties control process shall be started in the pre-proposal or conceptual design phases,
where an initial mass budget is established. A proposal team may be established so as to guide
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ISO 22010:2022(E)
subsystem and component mass allocations and the launch vehicle selection process, if applicable. This
team should be supported by other members who have experience in the allocation process.
NOTE Space system mass is a prime concern. Without early mass properties control, there is a significant
risk of performance, schedule, and/or cost problems later in the programme.
The control process after authorization to proceed (ATP) may include one or more of the following
elements:
a) understanding of the flow-down of requirements that affect mass properties analysis and test
plans;
b) a mass reduction plan;
c) implementation of a mass properties control board (MPCB);
d) mass allocation and trend analysis;
e) mass properties monitoring;
f) subcontractor mass control.
Application of some of the more stringent elements listed above is contingent on available mass and
stability margins, cost considerations and the planned verification (measurement versus analysis)
schema. The various elements and their applicability are discussed in 5.2.2 to 5.2.7.
5.2.2 Requirements definition
There shall be a review of all requirements that affect mass properties including, but not limited to,
the contractual, attitude control, mission and ground handling requirements. Different space system
designs have different mass properties requirements.
EXAMPLE A space system that is spin-stabilized throughout its mission requires a finer balance than one
that is three-axis-stabilized.
5.2.3 Mass reduction plan
After establishing a credible mass summary during the proposal phase, a database shall be used with
the tools necessary to develop a predicted mass for the space system at delivery. A contractor or system
mass margin against the contractor limit shall be determined. If the mass margin is not sufficient, a
rigorous mass reduction programme should be initiated. In this case, the programme office should fully
support the effort.
Mass reduction is generally a costly undertaking, therefore it is advisable that programme offices
allocate a sufficient budget to accomplish the goal. A historical database of previous weight reduction
ideas is advisable.
5.2.4 Mass properties control board (MPCB)
In conjunction with a mass reduction plan, an MPCB may be convened to audit the mass properties
database, critically review designs for optimum mass, and perform cost/mass trades as well as review
margins. The MPCB should have a programme office and systems engineering representation. Some of
the MPCB members should also have experience with this process. The MPCB should have the authority
to direct design changes that reduce mass, within the considerations of cost, schedule and technical
performance. MPCB members should attend all design reviews to ensure that mass optimisation is
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