ISO/IEC 10038:1993
(Main)Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Local area networks — Media access control (MAC) bridges
Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between systems — Local area networks — Media access control (MAC) bridges
Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange d'informations entre systèmes — Réseaux locaux — Contrôle d'accès au milieu (MAC) — Ponts
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
ISOAEC
STANDARD
10038
ANSI/I E E E
Std 802.1 D
First edition
1993-07-08
Information technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems - Local
area networks - Media access control (MAC)
bridges
Technologies de l'information - Télécommunications et échange d'informations
entre systèmes - Réseaux locaux - Contrôle d'accès au milieu (MAC) - Ponts
Reference number
ISO/IEC 10038:1993 (E)
ANSVIEEE
Std 802.1D, 1993 Edition
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The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA
Copyright O 1993 by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
All rights reserved. Published 1993
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 1-55937-325-3
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
or otherwise,
in an electronic retrieval system
without the prior written permission of the publisher,
with the exception of the PZCSproformas, which may
be freely reproduced by users of this standard so that
they may be used for their intended purpose.
Permission is further granted for the
completed PICS to be published.
SH16345
July 8, 1993
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International Standard ISOBEC 10038 : 1993
ANSUIEEE Std 802.1D, 1993 edition
(This edition contains ANSVIEEE Std 802.1D-1990,
ANSYIEEE Std 802.11-1992, and IEEE Std 802.5m-1993)
Information technology-
Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems-Local area networks-
Media access control (MAC) bridges
Sponsor
Technical Committee on Computer Communications
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Abstract: An architecture for the interconnection of IEEE 802 Local Area Networks (LANs) below the
level of the MAC Service,which is transparent to logical link control (LLC) and higher layer protocols,
is defined. Transparent Bridging between Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LANs and between
FDDI LANs and IEEE 802 LANs is included. The operation and management of the connecting Bridg-
es is specified. A Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol ensures a loop-free topology and provides re-
dundancy. The Bridging method is not particular to any MAC Type; criteria for additional MAC-
specific Bridging methods are defined. Source-Routing Transparent (SRT) Bridges are defined in an
annex, and the protocols for the operation of source routing in an SRT Bridge are specified.
Keywords: data processing, information interchange, local area networks, metropolitan area net-
works, fibre distributed data interface (FDDI), mode of data transmission, network interconnection,
models, source routing, Source-Routing Transparent (SRT) Bridge
Adopted as an International Standard by the
International Organization for Standardization
and by the
Internationai Electrotechnical Commission
- American National Standard
Published by
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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ANSIDEEE Std 802.1D, 1993 Edition
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Foreword to ANSIDEEE 802.1D, 1993 Edition
(This edition contains ANSUEEE Std 802,lD-1990,
ANSUIEEE Std 802.1i-1992, and IEEE Std 802.6m-1993)
(This Foreword is not a part of this International Standard or of ANSIDEEE 802.1D, 1993 Edition.)
This standard is part of a family of standards for local and metropolitan area networks. The relationship
between the standard and other members of the family is shown below. (The numbers in the figure refer to
IEEE standard numbers.)
UI
802.2 LOGICAL LINK
O
-.
P
802.1 BRIDGING DATA
LINK
LAYER
802.5
MEDIUM MEDIUM
ACCESS ACCESS
PHYSICAL
802.5
LAYER
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL
-
* Formerly IEEE Std 802.1A.
This family of standards deals with the Physical and Data Link layers as defined by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model
(IS0 7498 : 1984). The access standards define several types of medium access technologies and associated
physical media, each appropriate for particular applications or system objectives. Other types are under
investigation.
The standards defining these technologies are as follows:
IEEE Std 802$: Overview and Architecture. This standard provides an overview
to the family of IEEE 802 standards. This document forms part
of the 802.1 scope of work.
* IEEE Std 802.1B: LANW Management. Defines an Open Systems Inter-
connection (OSI) management-compatible architecture, and
services and protocol elements for use in a LANW environ-
e
ment for performing remote management.
0 ISODEC 10038 : 1993
[ANSIDEEE Std 802.1Dl: MAC Bridging. Specifies an architecture and protocol for the
interconnection of IEEE 802 LANs below the MAC service
boundary.
IEEE Std 802.1E: System Load Protocol. Specifies a set of services and protocol for
those aspects of management concerned with the loading of
systems on IEEE 802 LANs.
IS0 8802-2 [ANSIDEEE Std 802.23: Logical Link Control
ISODEC 8802-3 [ANSIDEEE Std 802.31: CSMA/CD Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
ISODEC 8802-4 [ANSUIEEE Std 802.41: Token Bus Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
The 802 Architecture and Overview Specification, originaiiy known as IEEE Std 802.14 has been renumbered as iEEE Std 802. This has been done to
accommodate recognition of the base standard in a family of standards. References to iEEE Std 802.1A should be considered as references to IEEE Std 802.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
* ISO/IEC 8802-5 [ANSUIEEE Std 802.51: Token Ring Access Metho nd Physical Layer Specifications
Metropolitan Area Netwo cess Method and Physical Layer
IEEE Std 802.6:
Specifications
IEEE Std 802.10: Interoperable Local Area Network (LAN) Security, Currently
Contains Secure Data Exchange (SDE)
In addition to the family of standards, the following is a recommended practice for a com
IEEE Std 802.7: IEEE Recommended Practice for Broadband Local Area
Networks
The reader of this document is urged to become familiar with the complete family of standards.
Conformance Test Methodology
Another standards series, identified by the number 1802, has been established to identify the conform-
ance test methodology documents for the 802 family of standards. This makes the correspondence between
the various 802 standards and their applicable conformance test requirements readily apparent. Thus the
conformance test documents for 802.3 are numbered 1802.3, the conformance test documents for 802.5 will
be 1802.5, and so on. Similarly, IS0 will use 18802 to number conformance test standards for 8802 stan-
dards.
Participants
The following is an alphabetical list of participants in the IEEE Project 802.1 Working Group at the time
it approved IEEE Std 802.1D-1990:
William B. Lidinsky, Chair*
Mick Seaman, Chair, Interworking Task Group*
Fumio Akashi
Pat Gonia Ron L. G. Prince
Ann Ambler Richard Graham*
Nigel Ramsden
Paul D. Amer Michael A. Gravel Trudy Reusser
Charles Arnold Mogens Hansen Edouard Rocher
Floyd Backes* Harold Harrington Paul Rosenblum*
Ann Ballard John Hart* John Salter
Richard Bantel Mike Harvey* Man Sarsby
Sy Bederman Bob Herbst
Susan Schanning
Amatzia Ben-Artzi Jack R. Hung
Gerry Segal*
Robert Bledsoe
Thomas Hytry Rich Seifert*
Kwame Boabe
Jay Israel Howard Sherry
Frank Bruns Tony Jeffree* Wu-Shi Shung
Juan Bulnes
Henry D. Keen* Mike Soha
Fred Burg Aian Kirby Dan Stokesberry
Peter Carbone
Kimberly Kirkpatrick Lennart Swartz
Man Chambers*
Steve Kleiman Kenta Takumi
Ken Chapman James Kristofc
Robin Tasker*
Mice Chen H. Eugene Latham* Angus Telfer
Jade Chien Bing Liao* Dave Thompson
Jim Corrigan George Lin* Nathan Tobol
Paul Cowell* Andy Luque Wendel1 Turner
Peter Dawe Phillip Magnuson Peter Videcrantz*
Stan Degen* Bruce McClure Paul Wainright
Frank Deignan Tom McGowan Scott Wasson*
Ron Dhondy Margaret A. Merrick Daniel Watts
Eüi Doi Jim Montrose Alan Weissberger
Barbara J. Don Carlos Jerry O’Keefe Deborah Wilbert
Walter Eldon Richard Patti* Val Wilson
Eldon D. Feist Roger Pfister* Igor Zhovnirovsky*
Len Fishler* Thomas L. Phinney Carolyn Zimmer*
Kevin Flannagan* Daniel Pitt* Nick Zucchero
*Voting member of the 802.1 Working Group at the time of approval of this document.
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The following persons were on the balloting committee of ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D-1990:
William B. Adams Richard J. Iliff
Udo W. Pooch
Hasan S. Alkhatib Raj Jain John P. Riganati
Kit Athul Anthony A. Jeffree Gary S. Robinson
William E. Ayen K. H. Kellermayr Robert Rosenthal
Eduardo W. Bergamini Samuel Kho Norman Schneidewind
Peter I. P. Boulton Thomas M. Kurihara Adarshpal S. Sethi
Paul W. Campbell Anthony B. Lake Donald A. Sheppard
George S. Carson Michael Lawler
Leo Sintonen
Chih-Tsai Chen Jai Yong Lee
John Spragins
Michael H. Coden William Lidinsky
Care1 M. Stillebroer
Robert Crowder F. C. Lim
Fred J. Strauss
S. Little
Mitchell G. Duncan Randolph Efstathios D. Sykas
John E. Emrich William D. Livingston
Daniel Sze
Philip H. Enslow
Donald C. Loughry Nathan Tobol
John W. Fendrich Andy J. Luque
L. David Umbaugh
Donald A. Fisher Kelly C. McDonald
Thomas A. Varetoni
Harvey A. Freeman Richard H. Miller
James T. Vorhies
Ingrid Fromm David S. Millman
Donald F. Weir
D.G. Gan
John E. Montague Alan J. Weissberger
Patrick Gonia Kinji Mori
Earl J. Whitaker
Michael D. Graebner Charles Oestereicher George B. Wright
Maris Graube Young Oh Oren Yuen
J. Scott Haugdahl Rafat Pirzada Lixia Zhang
When the IEEE Standards Board approved ANSYIEEE Std 802.1D on May 31,1990, it had the following
membership:
Marco W. Migliaro, Chair James M. Daly, Vice Chair
Andrew G. Salem, Secretary
Paul L. Borrill Kenneth D. Hendrix Lawrence V. McCall
Fletcher J. Buckley John W. Horch L. Bruce McClung
Allen L. Clapp Joseph L. Koepfinger* T. Don Michael*
James M. Daly Irving Kolodny Stig Nilsson
Stephen R. Dillon Michael L. Lawler Roy T. Oishi
Donald C. Fleckenstein Donald C. Loughry Gary S. Robinson
Jay Forster* John E. May, Jr. Terrance R. Whittemore
Thomas L. Hannan Donald W. Zipse
*Member Emeritus
802.1D-1990 was approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on
October 18,1990.
At the time that IEEE Std 802.1i-1992 was completed, the 802.1 Working Group had the following
membership:
William B. Lidinsky, Chair"
Mick Seaman, Chair, Interworking Task Group"
Floyd Backes* Tony Jeffree*
Richard Patti*
Henry D. Keen*
Alan Chambers* Roger Pfister*
Paul Cowell" Kimberly Kirkpatrick Daniel Pitt*
Stan Degen* James E. KristoP
Edouard Rocher*
Eiji Doi H. Eugene Latham*
Gerry Segal*
Len Fishler* Bing Liao* Mike Soha*
Kevin Flannagan George Lin*
Robin Tasker*
Richard Graham* Andy Luque Peter Videcrantz*
John Hart* Phillip Magnuson* Scott Wasson*
Mike Harvey* Igor Zhovnirovsky*
*Voting member of the 802.1 Working Group at the time of approval of this document.
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The following persons
William B. Adams
Don Aelmore
Lorenzo Aguilar
Hasan S. Alkhatib
Robert M. Amy
Kit Athul
Karl Auerback
William E. Ayen
Ali Bahroloomi
L. Bernstein
Peter I. P. Boulton
Joe B. Brame
Alan L. Bridges
Richard Caasi
Mehmet U. Caglayan
Paul W. Campbell
George S. Carson
Brian J. Casey
Alessandro Castaldo
Chih-Tsai Chen
Kilnam Chon
Ricardo Ciciliani
Michael H. Coden
Keith Collins
Robert Crowder
Jose A. Cueto
Andrew Davidson
Luis F. M. De Moraes
F. Deravi
Ashwani K. Dhawan
Michel Diaz
N. I. Dimopoulos
Mitchell G. Duncan
Andrew M. Dunn
Sourav Dutta
Ted Dzik
Leo G. Egan
John E. Emrich
Philip H. Enslow
Changxin Fan
John W. Fendrich
John N. Ferguson
Samuel Fineberg
Donald A. Fisher
John G. Fletcher
Harold C. Folts
Sandra J. Fortiey
Harvey A. Freeman
Ingrid Fromm
Eithan Froumine
Gordon Fullerton
Poon Fung
Robert Gagliano
D. G. Gan
Thomas F. Gannon III
Warren W. Garman
Isaac Ghansah
Patrick Gonia
Maris Graube
Abraham Grund
Craig Guarnieri
Sandor V. Halasz
R. Harish
Stephen Harris
Allen W. Hathaway
Clark M. Hay
Dickey Hitchcock
Lee A. Hollaar
Marsha D. Hopwood
Chris Hsieh
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The following persons were on the balloting committee of IEEE Std 802.5m-1993:
William B. Adams Joseph L. Hammond Andreas Pfitzmann
Don Aelmore J. Scott Haugdahl Rafat Pirzada
Kit Athul Lee A. Hollaar Udo W. Pooch
Yong Myung Baeg Ivy P. Hsu Thad L, D. Regulinski
’Iïm Batten Paul L. Hutton John P. Riganati
Alan L. Bridges Raj Jain Gary S. Robinson
Richard Caasi Jack R. Johnson Philip T. Robinson
George Carson Raijo Juvonen Floyd E. Ross
George C. Chachis Robert W. Kiessig Victor Rozentouler
Robert A. Ciampa Jens Kolind Julio Gonzalez Sanz
Gerald W. Cichanowski Jon Kramp Norman Schneidewind
Michael H. Coden Michael Lawler Jeffrey R. Schwab
Bernard Cousin Jai Yong Lee Donald A. Sheppard
Robert Crowder Lewis E. Leinenweber David M. Siefert
Jose A. Cueto F. C. Lim Robert K. Southard
R. T. Denton Randolph S. Little Benjamin J. Stoppe, Jr.
Robert Donnan Donald C. Loughry Fred J. Strauss
Mitchell G. Duncan Eduardo G. Marmol Efstathiois D. Sykas
Andrew M. Dunn William McDonald Euaie! Uza
Sourav Kumar Dutta Richard H. Miller Ahmed N. Tantawi
John E. Emrich David S. Millman Steven R. Taylor
Philip H. Enslow Wen Hsien Lim Moh Geoffrey O. Thompson
Changxin Fan John E. Montague Robert Tripi 0
John W. Fendrich Kinji Mori L. David Umbaugh
Harold C. Folts Gerald Moseley James T. Vorhies
Sandra J. Forney Charles E. Neblock Donald F. Weir
Harvey A. Freeman Ruth Nelson Raymond Wenig
F. Gannon III Arne A. Nilsson Michael Willett
Thomas
Patrick Gonia Donal Omahony Paul A. Willis
Abraham Grund Charles Oestereicher Jerry A. Wyatt
Craig Guarnieri Jeffrey L. Paige Oren Yuen
Sandor V. Halasz Stephen Zebrowski
Robert Donnan served as the Technical Editor of ISO/IEC 10038 : 1993.
When the IEEE Standards Board approved IEEE Std 802.5m on March 18, 1993, it had the following
membership:
Wallace S. Read, Chair Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chair
Andrew G. Salem, Secretary
Gilles A. Baril Ben C. Johnson T. Don Michael*
Clyde R. Camp Walter J. Karplua Marco W. Migliaro
Donald C. Fleckenstein Lorraine C. Kevra L. John Rankine
Jay Forster. E. G. “Al” Kiener Arthur K. Reilly
David F. Franklin Ivor N, Knight Ronald H, Reimer
Ramiro Garcia Joseph Koepfinger* Gary S. Robinson
Donald N. Heirman D. N. “Jim” Logothetis Leonard L. Tripp
Jim Isaak Donald W. Zipse
*Member Emeritus
Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:
Satish K. Aggarwal
James Beall
Richard B. Engelman
David E. Soffrin
I. Warshaw
Stanley
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Contents
SECTION PAGE
1 . Overview . 17
1.1 Scope . 17
1.2 References . 18
1.3 Definition . 19
1.4 Abbreviation . 19
1.5 Conformance . 19
1.6 Recommendations .
1.6.1 Management .
1.7 MAC-specific Bridging Methods . 20
2 . Support of the MAC Service . 21
2.1 Support ofthe MAC Service . 21
2.2 Preservation ofthe MAC Service . 21
2.3 Quality of Service Maintenance . 22
2.3.1 Service Availability . 22
2.3.2 Frame Loss . 22
2.3.3 Frame Misordering . 23
Frame Duplication . 23
2.3.4
2.3.5 Transit Delay . 23
2.3.6 Frame Lifetime . 23
2.3.7 Undetected Frame Error Rate . 23
2.3.8 Maximum Service Data Unit Size . 24
2.3.9 Priority . 24
2.3.10 Throughput . 24
2.4 Internal Sublayer Service Provided within the MAC Bridge . 24
2.5 Support ofthe Internal Sublayer Service by Specific MAC Procedures . 25
2.5.1 Support by ISOfiEC 8802-3 [5] (CSMA/CD) . 26
2.5.2 Support by ISOfiEC 8802-4 [6] (Token-Passing Bus) . 26
2.5.3 Support by ISOfiEC 8802-5 [7] (Token-Passing Ring) . 27
2.5.4 Support by Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) . 27
des of Operation . 29
3 . Princi]
3.1 Bridge Operation . . 29
3.1.1 Relay . 29
3.1.2 Filtering Information . 29
3.1.3 Bridge Management . 30
3.2 Bridge Architecture . 30
3.3 Model of Operation . 31
3.4 Port State Information . 32
3.5 Frame Reception . 34
3.6 Frame Transmission . 34
Frame Forwarding . 35
3.7
3.7.1 Forwarding Conditions . 35
3.7.2 LLC Duplicate Address Check . 35
3.7.3 Queued Frames . 35
3.7.4 Priority Mapping . 36
3.7.5 FCS Recalculation .
3.7.6 Model .
The Learning Process . 37
3.8
The Filtering Database . 37
3.9
3.9.1 Static Entries . 37
3.9.2 Dynamic Entries . 37
3.9.3 Permanent Database . 38
3.9.4 Model of Operation . 38
Bridge Protocol Entity . 38
3.10
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SECTiON
3.11 Bridge Management .
3.12 Addressing .
3.12.1 End Stations . 39
3.12.2 Bridge Ports . 39
3.12.3 Bridge Protocol Entities . 39
3.12.4 Bridge Management Entities . 40
3.12.5 Unique Identification of a Bridge . J. 41
3.12.6 Reserved Addresses . 42
4 . The Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol . 43
4.1 Requirements to be Met by the Algorithm . 43
4.2 Requirements ofthe MAC Bridges . 43
Overview . 44
4.3
The Active Topology and Its Computation . 44
4.3.1
4.3.2 Propagating the Topology Information . . 46
4.3.3 Reconfiguration . 47
Changing Port State . 48
4.3.4
4.3.5 Notifying Topology Changes . 49
O
4.4 Port States . 49
4.4.1 Blocking . 49
4.4.2 Listening . 50
4.4.3 Learning . 50
4.4.4 Forwarding . 50
4.4.5 Disabled . 50
4.5 Protocol Parameters and Timers . 51
4.5.1 Configuration BPDU Parameters . 51
4.5.2 Topology Change Notification BPDU Parameters . 52
4.5.3 Bridge Parameters . 52
4.5.4 Bridge Timers . 54
4.5.5 Port Parameters . 54
4.5.6 Port Timers . 55
4.6 Elements of Procedure . 56
4.6.1 Transmit Configuration BPDU . 56
4.6.2 Record Configuration Information . 57
4.6.3 Record Configuration Timeout Values . 57
4.6.4 Configuration BPDU Generation . 57
4.6.5 Reply to Configuration BPDU . 58
4.6.6 Transmit Topology
...
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