oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
(Main)Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Geokunststoffe - Zugversuch am breiten Streifen (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Géosynthétiques - Essai de traction des bandes larges (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Geotekstilije - Natezni preskus na širokih preskušancih (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
01-september-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 10319:2015
Geotekstilije - Natezni preskus na širokih preskušancih (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Geosynthetics - Wide-width tensile test (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Geokunststoffe - Zugversuch am breiten Streifen (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Géosynthétiques - Essai de traction des bandes larges (ISO/DIS 10319:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 10319
ICS:
59.080.70 Geotekstilije Geotextiles
oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 10319
ISO/TC 221 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-07-19 2023-10-11
Geosynthetics — Wide-width tensile test
Géosynthétiques — Essai de traction des bandes larges
ICS: 59.080.70
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 10319
ISO/TC 221 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Geosynthetics — Wide-width tensile test
Géosynthétiques — Essai de traction des bandes larges
ICS: 59.080.70
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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© ISO 2023
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THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
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ii
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2023
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 5
5 Apparatus and reagents .6
6 Conditioning atmosphere .15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Conditioning for testing in wet condition . 15
6.3 Conditioning for testing at lower or higher temperatures . 15
7 Test procedure .15
7.1 Setting up the tensile testing machine . 15
7.2 Insertion of the test specimen in the jaws . 16
7.3 Installation of the extensometer . 16
7.4 Measurement of tensile properties . 16
7.5 Measurement of strain . 16
8 Calculations .17
8.1 Strain . 17
8.2 Tensile strength . 17
8.3 Tensile strain at maximum tensile force . 18
8.4 Secant tensile stiffness . 18
9 Test report .19
Annex A (Normative) Procedure for tests at low and elevated temperatures .20
Bibliography .22
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 Geosynthetics.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 10319:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— The term “load” have been changed to “force” for all occurrences;
— Difference between strain and elongation has been clarified in Clause 3, and Fig. 1 has been modified
accordingly;
— Difference between tensile strength at first and second peak has been clarified in Clause 3 and 9.2;
— Illustration of suitable jaws and grips has been introduced in Fig. 3;
— Testing of metallic products has been limited to woven steel wire meshes in Clause 6.3.6;
— Testing products narrower than 200 mm has been introduced in Clause 6.3.7;
— Testing at lower or higher temperatures has been introduced, with the related conditioning in
Clause 7.3 and the related procedure added in Annex A (normative);
— Formulas for strain calculation have been introduced in Clause 9.1;
— Formula for tensile strength of products narrower than 200 mm have been introduced in Clause 9.2;
— Test report requirements have been updated in Clause 10.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
Geosynthetics — Wide-width tensile test
1 Scope
This document describes an index test method for the determination of the tensile properties of
geosynthetics (polymeric, glass, and metallic), using a wide-width strip. This document is applicable
to most geosynthetics, including woven geotextiles, nonwoven geotextiles, geocomposites, knitted
geotextiles, geonets, geomats, and metallic products. It is also applicable to geogrids and similar
open-structure geotextiles, but specimen dimensions might need to be altered. It is not applicable to
polymeric or bituminous geosynthetic barriers, while it is applicable to clay geosynthetic barriers.
This document specifies a tensile test method that covers the measurement of load elongation
characteristics and includes procedures for the calculation of secant stiffness, maximum load per unit
width and strain at maximum load. Singular points on the load-extension curve are also indicated.
Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet specimens are included in
this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
ISO 9862, Geosynthetics — Sampling and preparation of test specimens
ISO 9863-1, Geosynthetics — Determination of thickness at specified pressures — Part 1: Single layers
ISO 10321, Geosynthetics — Tensile test for joints/seams by wide-width strip method
EN 10223-3, Steel wire and wire products for fencing and netting — Part 3: Hexagonal steel wire mesh
products for engineering purposes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10318 and the following apply.
3.1
nominal gauge length
L
n
initial distance, normally 60 mm (30 mm on either side of the specimen symmetrical centre), between
two reference points located on the specimen parallel to the applied force direction
1
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ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
3.2
elongation at pre-tension force
ΔL
p
measured increase in gauge length (mm) corresponding to an applied pre-tension force of 1 % of the
expected maximum tensile force
Note 1 to entry: The elongation at pre-tension force is indicated in Figure 1.
3.3
true gauge length
L
0
nominal gauge length L (3.1) in millimetres plus the elongation at pre-tension force ΔL (3.2) in
n p
millimetres
3.4
maximum tensile force
F
max
maximum tensile force obtained during a test
Note 1 to entry: The maximum tensile force is expressed in kilonewtons (kN).
3.5
tensile strain
ε
increase in true gauge length L (3.3) of a specimen during a test divided by true gauge length L
0 0
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strain is expressed as a percentage of the true gauge length L .
0
3.6
tensile strain at maximum tensile force
ε
max
tensile strain (3.5) exhibited by the specimen under maximum tensile force
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strain at maximum tensile force is expressed in percent.
3.7
tensile strain at nominal tensile strength
ε
nom
tensile strain at the nominal tensile strength as defined by the manufacturer
3.8
secant tensile stiffness
J
ratio of tensile force per unit width to an associated value of strain
Note 1 to entry: Tensile secant stiffness is expressed in kilonewtons per metre (kN/m).
3.9
tensile strength
T
max
maximum force per unit width observed during a test in which the specimen is stretched to rupture
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strength is expressed in kilonewtons per metre (kN/m).
Note 2 to entry: for products exhibiting a second peak on the tensile force per unit width — strain curves, the
tensile strength is defined as the highest value between the two peaks, as shown in Fig. 2
2
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3.10
strain rate
strain at maximum force, divided by the duration of the test, i.e. the time to attainment of maximum
tensile force from pre-tension force
Note 1 to entry: Strain rate is expressed in percentage per minute.
3.11
tensile strength at second peak
T’
max
maximum force per unit width observed during a test in which the specimen is stretched to rupture,
at the second peak observed on the tensile force per unit width — strain curve, occurring at a higher
strain than that corresponding to the first peak
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strength at second peak is expressed in kilonewtons per metre (kN/m).
3.12
tensile strain at second peak
Ɛ’
max
tensile strain exhibited by the specimen at the second peak observed on the tensile force per unit width
— strain curve, occurring at a higher strain than that corresponding to the first peak
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strain at second peak is expressed in percent.
3.13
pre-tension force
F
p
tensile force equal to 1 % of the expected maximum tensile force, applied at the beginning of the test
Note 1 to entry: The pre-tension force is expressed in kilonewtons (kN).
3.14
tensile strain at pre-tension forceε
0
tensile strain at pre-tension force, in %
Note 1 to entry: Tensile strain at pre-tension force is equal to zero based on Formulas (1) and (2), as shown in
Fig. 1
3
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
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Key
F tensile force, in kN
F maximum tensile force, in kN
max
F pre-tension force, in kN
0
F tensile force for secant stiffness calculation at point C
c
C selected point for the stiffness calculation
ε tensile strain, in %
ε tensile strain at pre-tension force, in %
0
ε tensile strain at maximum tensile force, in %
max
ε tensile strain corresponding to the generic length L , in %
x x
ε tensile strain for secant stiffness calculation at point C, in %
c
L length, equal to the distance between the two reference points measured during the test in mm
L nominal gauge length, in mm
n
L true gauge length, in mm
0
L generic length measured during the test, in mm
x
ΔL elongation at pre-tension force, in mm
p
Figure 1 — Typical tensile force /strain curve
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
Key
T tensile strength at first peak (kN/m)
max
Ɛ tensile strain at first peak (%)
max
T’ tensile strength (kN/m) at second peak
max
Ɛ’ tensile strain (%) at second peak
max
Figure 2 — Typical tensile force per unit width — Strain curves of two geosynthetics showing a
second peak
4 Principle
A specimen is held across its entire width in a set of clamps or jaws (see Figure 3) of a tensile testing
machine operated at a constant rate of strain, and a longitudinal force is applied to the specimen until
the specimen ruptures. The type of jaws is selected according to the type and tensile strength of the
tested product: compressive hydraulic jaws (Fig. 3 a, c, d) and capstan grips (fig. 3 b, e, f) may be used.
For capstan grips it could be useful to wind the specimen in a “S-shape” scheme around the capstan
clamps or in a “B-shape” scheme, as shown in Fig. 3 f.
The tensile properties of the specimen are calculated from machine scales, dials, autographic recording
charts, or an interfaced computer. A constant test speed is selected so as to give a strain rate of
(20 ± 5) % per minute in the true gauge length of the specimen, except for products that exhibit a low
strain, i.e. less than or equal to 5 %. For these products, e.g. glass, the speed is reduced so that the
specimen breaks in 30 ± 5 s.
The basic distinction between the current method and other methods for measuring tensile properties
of products is the width of the specimen. In the current method, the width is greater than the length of
the specimen, as some geosynthetics have a tendency to contract (neck down) under tensile force in the
gauge length area (see fig. 3 c).
The greater width reduces the contraction effect of such products and provides a relationship closer to
the expected product behaviour in the field, as well as a standard for comparison of geosynthetics.
For information on strain, extension measurements are made by means of an extensometer, which
follows the movement of two reference points on the specimen. These reference points are situated
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on the specimen symmetry axis, which is parallel to the applied tensile force, and are separated by
a distance of 60 mm (30 mm on each side of the specimen symmetry centre). This distance can be
adapted for some types of geosynthetics, like geogrid, in order to include at least one row of nodes or
internal junctions.
5 Apparatus and reagents
5.1 Tensile testing machine (constant rate of strain), complying with ISO 7500-1, Class 1 or better,
in which the rate of increase of specimen length is uniform with time, fitted with a set of clamps or jaws
which are sufficiently wide to hold the entire width of the specimen and equipped with appropriate
means to limit slippage or damage.
NOTE It is useful that one clamp is supported by a free swivel or universal joint to compensate for uneven
distribution of force across the specimen.
Compressive jaws or capstan grips should be selected according to the type and tensile strength of the
tested product.
It is essential to choose jaw faces that limit slippage of the specimen, especially in stronger geosynthetics.
Examples of jaws that have been found satisfactory are shown in Figure 3.
NOTE The type of selected clamp can affect the obtained results.
5.2 Extensometer, capable of measuring the distance between two reference points on the specimen
without any damage to the specimen or slippage, care being taken to ensure that the measurement
represents the true movement of the reference points.
NOTE Suitable extensometers are mechanical, optical, infrared or other types, all with an electrical output.
The extensometer shall be capable of measuring to an accuracy of ±2 % of the indicated reading. If
any irregularity of the stress-strain curve due to the extensometer is observed, this result shall be
discarded and another specimen shall be tested.
5.3 Distilled water, for wet specimens only, complying with Grade 3 of ISO 3696.
5.4 Non-ionic wetting agent, for wet specimens only.
The wetting agent used shall be a general purpose polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ether at 0,05 % volume.
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ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
a) friction by lateral pressure (hydraulic or b) capstan or roller clamps friction on circular
mechanic compressive jaws) tube;
c) example of hydraulic jaws for low strength d) example of hydraulic jaws for high strength-
products products
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oSIST prEN ISO 10319:2023
ISO/DIS 10319:2023(E)
e) example of capstan grips f) “B-shape” scheme and “S-shape” scheme for
capstan grips
Figure 3 — Examples of jaws for tensile testing of geosynthetics - Test specimens
5.5 Number of test specimens
Cut a minimum of five test specimens in both machine direction (MD) and cross machine direction
(CMD).
5.6 Sampling and preparation of test specimens
Sample and prepare the test specimens in accordance with ISO 9862.
5.7 Dimensions
5.7.1 Nonwoven geotextiles, knitted geotextiles, geonets, geomats, clay geosynthetic barriers,
geocomposite drains, geospacers, geoblankets, and other products wider than 200 mm and
without an open structure
Prepare each finished test specimen to a nominal 200 mm ± 1 mm width and of sufficient length to
ensure 100 mm between the jaws, with the length dimension being designated and parallel to the
direction in which the tensile force is applied. For some materials, the use of a cutting knife or scissors
can affect the structure. In such cases, thermal cutting or other techniques can be used, and this shall
be reported in the test report (see Clause 10). Where appropriate and for monitoring any slippage, draw
two lines at the edge of jaws running the full width of the test specimen jaw faces, perpendicular to the
length dimension and separated by 100 mm [except for capstan grips — see Figure 3b)].
5.7.2 Woven geotextiles
For woven geotextiles, cut each specimen approximately 220 mm wide and then make fringes by
removing an equal number of threads from each side to obtain the 200 mm ± 1 mm nominal specimen
width.
This helps to maintain the specimen integrity during the test. When the specimen integrity is not
affected, the specimens can be initially cut to the finished width.
5.7.3 Geogrids with one axis
For geogrids with tensile elements along one axis, the tensile test is carried out only in the direction of
the tensile elements, either MD or CMD; prepare each specimen at least 200 mm wide and sufficiently
long to ensure at least 100 mm between the jaws. Cut all ribs at least 10 mm from any node. Where
the nodes are not separated by at least 10 mm, the specimens should be prepared two ribs wider than
required for the test and, after clamping in the jaws, the outer rib on each side of the specimen should
be severed. The test result (strength) shall be based on the unit of width associated with the number of
intact ribs. The test specimen shall contain at least one row of nodes or cross-members, excluding the
nodes of cross-members held in the jaws (see Figure 4). Products of pitch [i.e. the distance between the
start of one rib (tensile element) and the start of the next rib] less than 75 mm shall contain at least four
complete tensile elements (ribs) in the width direction. Products of pitch greater than 75 mm and less
than 120 mm shall contain at least two complete tensile elements in the width direction. For products
of pitch greater than 120 mm, single ribs may be tested.
The reference points for the extensometer shall be marked on a central row of tensile elements that will
be subjected to testing and shall be at least 60 mm apart. The reference points shall be marked at the
centre point of a rib and shall be separated by at least one node or cross-member. Where necessary, the
two reference points may be separated by more than one row of nodes or cross-members, in order to
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achieve the minimum separation of 60 mm apart. In this case, the requirement to mark the reference
points at mid-rib shall be maintained and the gauge length shall then be an integral number of pitches
of the grid. Measure the nominal gauge length to an accuracy of ±1 mm.
5.7.4 Geogrids with two axes and four axes
For geogrids with tensile elements along two or four axes, the tensile test is carried out in both
directions MD and CMD; prepare each specimen at least 200 mm wide and sufficiently long to ensure
at least 100 mm between the jaws. Cut all ribs at least 10 mm from any node. The test specimen shall
contain at least one row of nodes or cross-members, excluding the nodes of cross-members held in the
jaws (see Figure 5 and Figure 8).
Products of pitch less than 75 mm shall contain at least four complete tensile elements (ribs) in the
width direction. Products of pitch greater than 75 mm and less than 120 mm shall contain at least two
complete tensile elements in the width direction. For products of pitch greater than 120 mm, single ribs
may be tested.
The reference points for the extensometer shall be marked on a central row of tensile elements that
will be subjected to testing and shall be at least 60 mm apart. The reference points shall be marked at
the centre point of a rib and shall be separated by at least one node or cross-member. Where necessary,
the two reference points may be separated by more than one row of nodes or cross-members, in order
to achieve the minimum separation of 60 mm apart. In this case, mark the reference points at mid-rib
or on nodes and the gauge length shall then be an integral number of pitches of the grid. Measure the
nominal gauge length to an accuracy of ±1 mm.
5.7.5 Geogrids with three axes
For geogrids with tensile elements along three axes the tensile test is carried out in both directions MD
and CMD, but not in diagonal directions; prepare each specimen at least 200 mm wide and sufficiently
long to ensure at least 100 mm between the jaws. The specimens are cut and the width of the specimen
is measured as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
The reference points for the extensometer shall be marked at the centre point of a node and shall
be separated by at least one node or cross-member. Where necessary, the two reference points may
be separated by more than one row of nodes or cross-members, in order to achieve the minimum
separation of 60 mm apart. In this case, the requirement to mark the reference points at mid-rib shall
be maintained and the gauge length shall then be an integral number of pitches of the grid. Measure the
nominal gauge length to an accuracy of ±1 mm.
5.7.6 Woven steel wire mesh products
For testing woven steel wire mesh products, th
...
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