SIST EN 15378:2007
Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heating systems
Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heating systems
This European Standard specifies inspection procedures and optional measurement methods for the assessment of energy performance of existing boilers and heating systems.
Boiler types covered by this European Standard are:
- boilers for heating, domestic hot water or both;
- gas, liquid or solid fuel fired boilers.
Parts of heating systems covered by this European Standard are:
- boilers, including generation control;
- other generation devices;
- domestic hot water production facilities;
- heating distribution network, including associated components and controls;
- heat emitters, including components and controls;
- space heating control system;
- storage and associated components;
- domestic hot water control system.
This standard covers issues related to energy conservation and environmental performance.
Heizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Inspektion von Kesseln und Heizungssystemen
Diese Norm legt Inspektionsverfahren und optionale Messmethoden für die Beurteilung der Energieeffizienz von vorhandenen Wärmeerzeugern und Heizungssystemen fest.
Wärmeerzeugertypen, die von dieser Norm erfasst werden, sind:
- Wärmeerzeuger für Heizung, Trinkwarmwasser oder beides;
- Wärmeerzeuger für gasförmige, flüssige oder feste Brennstoffe (einschließlich Biomasse).
Komponenten von Heizungssystemen, die von dieser Norm erfasst werden, sind:
- Wärmeerzeuger, einschließlich der Regelung;
- Trinkwarmwasseranlagen;
- Wärmeverteilungssystem, einschließlich der verbundenen Komponenten und Regelungen;
- Heizflächen, einschließlich Zubehör;
- Raumheizregelung.
Diese Norm beinhaltet Themen, die sich auf Energieeinsparung und auf Umweltschutzaspekte beziehen.
Systemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Inspection des chaudieres et des installations de chauffage
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des procédures d’inspection et des méthodes de mesure facultatives pour l’évaluation de la performance énergétique des chaudières et des systèmes de chauffage existants.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les types de chaudières suivants :
les chaudières pour le chauffage, l’eau chaude sanitaire ou les deux ;
les chaudières utilisant des combustibles gazeux, liquides ou solides.
La présente Norme européenne couvre les parties suivantes des systèmes de chauffage :
les chaudières, y compris la régulation de la génération ;
les autres équipements de génération ;
les installations de production d’eau chaude sanitaire ;
les réseaux de distribution de chaleur, y compris les composants et les dispositifs de régulation associés ;
les émetteurs de chaleur, y compris leurs composants et dispositifs de régulation ;
le système de régulation de chaleur dans les locaux ;
la cuve et les équipements associés ;
le système de régulation de la production d’eau chaude sanitaire.
La présente norme couvre les questions liées à l’économie d’énergie et à la performance environnementale.
1 Références normatives
Non applicable.
Grelni sistemi v stavbah - Nadzor kurilnih naprav in grelnih sistemov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heating systemsGrelni sistemi v stavbah - Nadzor kurilnih naprav in grelnih sistemovSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Inspection des chaudieres et des installations de chauffageHeizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Inspektion von Kesseln und HeizungssystemenTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15378:2007SIST EN 15378:2007en,de91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15378:200701-december-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15378September 2007ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Inspection of boilers and heatingsystemsSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Inspectiondes chaudières et des systèmes de chauffageHeizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Inspektion von Kesselnund HeizungssystemenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15378:2007: E
EN 15378:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.5 Introduction.6 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references.8 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units.8 3.1 Terms and definitions.8 3.2 Symbols and units.10 4 Principle of the method.12 4.1 Boiler regular inspection.12 4.2 Heating system one-off inspection.12 4.3 Inspection classes.13 4.4 Advice.14 4.5 Inspection report.14 5 Boiler inspection procedure.14 5.1 Boiler inspection class identification.14 5.2 Boiler identification.14 5.3 Document collection.15 5.4 Boiler visual inspection.15 5.5 Boiler maintenance status.15 5.6 Boiler functionality check.15 5.7 Boiler controls, sensors and indicators.15 5.8 Meter readings.15 5.9 Boiler performance evaluation.16 5.10 Boiler inspection report and advice.16 6 Heating system inspection procedure.17 6.1 Heating system inspection class identification.17 6.2 Heating system inspection preparation.18 6.3 Heating system identification.18 6.4 Heating system functionality check.18 6.5 Heating system maintenance status.18 6.6 Heating system controls, sensors and indicators.19 6.7 Energyware consumption.19 6.8 Space heating emission sub-system.19 6.9 Space heating emission control sub-system.20 6.10 Space heating distribution sub-system.20 6.11 Generation sub-system.21 6.12 Generation sub-system sizing.22 6.13 Efficiency of space heating sub-systems.22 6.14 Domestic hot water systems.23 6.15 Inspection report and advice for space heating system and domestic hot water system.23 Annex A (informative)
Default inspection class tables.25 A.1 Legend for default inspection class tables.25 A.2 Boiler inspection.25 A.3 Heating system inspection.28 A.4 Obligatory references if applying this annex.28 Annex B (informative)
Examples of national inspection class tables.36 B.1 Definition of classes.36 B.2 Boiler inspection.36
EN 15378:2007 (E) 3 Annex C (informative)
Flue gas analysis and boiler basic settings check.38 C.1 Measuring procedure.38 C.2 Maintenance data.42 C.3 Reference values for flue gas analysis.42 C.4 Advice on boiler basic setting.42 C.5 Obligatory references if applying this annex.43 Annex D (informative)
Sample boiler inspection report.44 Annex E (informative)
List of possible improvement actions.46 E.1 Introduction.46 E.2 Boiler.46 E.3 Heating system generation.46 E.4 Space heating distribution system.47 E.5 Space heating emission system.47 E.6 Heating system control.47 E.7 Domestic hot water.48 E.8 Other.48 Annex F (informative)
Evaluation of energyware consumption for
space heating system and domestic hot water system.50 F.1 General.50 F.2 Energyware measurement methodologies.50 F.3 Measurement period.52 F.4 Usage separation.53 F.5 Climatic data and domestic hot water production.54 F.6 Reference values.54 F.7 Advice criteria on energyware consumption.55 F.8 Obligatory references if applying this annex.56 Annex G (informative)
Stratification in high ceiling rooms.57 Annex H (informative)
Space heating emission control sub-system.58 H.1 Identification of the heat emission control level.58 H.2 Indoor temperature check.58 H.3 Advice.59 Annex I (informative)
Space heating distribution sub-system.60 I.1 Flow rate.60 I.2 Type and setting of circulation pumps.60 I.3 Distribution circuit typology.60 I.4 Compatibility of distribution circuits with boiler typology.60 I.5 Insulation.60 Annex J (informative)
Domestic hot water system.61 J.1 Recirculation losses.61 Annex K (informative)
Sample inspection report for heating system.62 Annex L (informative)
Boiler settings verification.68 Annex M (informative)
Boiler combustion power.69 M.1 Measurement methodologies.69 M.2 Maintenance data.71 M.3 Advice criteria on combustion power.71 M.4 Obligatory references if applying this annex.72 Annex N (informative)
Boiler seasonal efficiency.73 N.1 Measurement and estimation methodologies.73 N.2 Reference values.74 N.3 Advice.75 N.4 Boiler cmb (average load) determination.75 N.5 Estimation of loss factors.76 N.6 Obligatory references if applying this annex.79 Annex O (informative)
Boiler or generation sub-system sizing.80
EN 15378:2007 (E) 4 O.1 Methodologies.80 O.2 Reference value.81 O.3 Obligatory references if applying this annex.82 Annex P (informative)
Examples of national data.83 Bibliography.86
EN 15378:2007 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15378:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2008. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at European harmonisation of the methodology for calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards is given in prCEN/TR 15615. The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following: design of heating systems (water based, electrical etc.); installation of heating systems; commissioning of heating systems; instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems; methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads; methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems. Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems. All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system. Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards a.o. product standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of compliance with the system requirements. The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like. The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved. Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations. In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated. In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 15378:2007 (E) 6 Introduction This European Standard specifies procedures and optional measurement methods to be used for the inspection and assessment of energy performance of boilers and heating systems, in order to provide advice to users on the replacement of boilers, other modifications to the heating system and on alternative solutions as required by article 8 of Council Directive 2002/91/EC. This European Standard includes, either in the normative text or in the informative annexes: inspection procedures; measurement procedures; calculation equations; sample reports; advice criteria. Procedures and methodologies defined in this European Standard are not intended to provide a full energy audit of the heating system. They are intended to: support identification of areas of possible improvements; define criteria to produce reliable advice on possible improvements of the energy performance of boilers and heating systems through replacement of components or other measures. Any replacement of appliances or modification of the heating system following advice should be designed according to appropriate methodologies. This may require additional input and investigation for detailed design and final check of economical effectiveness. Clauses 5 and 6 separately describe basic inspection procedures related to: regular inspection of boilers; one-off inspection of the entire heating system. This European Standard introduces inspection classes by which different levels of inspection accuracy and detailed inspection requirements can be determined, because: the same inspection procedure and level of details cannot reasonably be required for any kind and/or any size of boilers/heating systems; there are currently significant differences among member states with respect to: heating systems typologies; legal and/or standard requirements; maintenance and inspection practices. Alternative and/or optional partial inspection procedures and measurement methods for boilers and for other sub-systems of the heating system are described in the relevant annexes.
EN 15378:2007 (E) 7 Inclusion of/omission of/alternatives to individual inspection items, as well as border lines between classes. are specified through tables given in national annexes. If no specific national annex is available, default tables and inspection classes are given in Annex A. Tables in the national annexes may refer either to methodologies given in the annexes to this European Standard or to suitable existing national standards. This European Standard has been drafted to support inspection required by Council Directive 02/91/CE, that is “Regular inspection of boilers fired by non-renewable gaseous, liquid or solid fuel” and “One-off inspection of heating systems with boilers that are more than 15 years old”. This does not exclude the possibility to use this European Standard for other types of generation devices (e.g. warm air heaters, heat pumps, thermal solar, CHP) and for domestic hot water systems, if appropriate additional classes are defined in the national annexes.
EN 15378:2007 (E) 8
1 Scope This European Standard specifies inspection procedures and optional measurement methods for the assessment of energy performance of existing boilers and heating systems. Boiler types covered by this European Standard are: boilers for heating, domestic hot water or both; gas, liquid or solid fuel fired boilers. Parts of heating systems covered by this European Standard are: boilers, including generation control; other generation devices; domestic hot water production facilities; heating distribution network, including associated components and controls; heat emitters, including components and controls; space heating control system; storage and associated components; domestic hot water control system. This standard covers issues related to energy conservation and environmental performance. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 space heating process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.2 domestic hot water heating process of heat supply to raise the temperature of the cold water to the intended delivery temperature 3.1.3 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature
EN 15378:2007 (E) 9 NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 According to ISO 13602-2, the gross calorific value is preferred to the net calorific value. NOTE 3 The net calorific value does not take into account the latent heat of condensation. 3.1.4 net calorific value gross calorific value minus latent heat of condensation of the water vapour in the products of combustion at ambient temperature 3.1.5 external temperature temperature of external air NOTE 1 For transmission heat transfer calculations, the radiant temperature of the external environment is supposed equal to the external air temperature; long-wave transmission to the sky is calculated separately. NOTE 2 The measurement of external air temperature is defined in EN ISO 15927-1. 3.1.6 boiler gas, liquid or solid fuelled appliance designed to provide hot water for space heating. It may (but need not) be designed to provide domestic hot water heating as well 3.1.7 combustion power product of the fuel flow rate and the net calorific power of the fuel 3.1.8 condensing boiler boiler designed to make use of the latent heat released by condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products. The boiler needs to allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain NOTE Boilers not so designed, or boilers without the means to remove the condensate in liquid form, are termed ‘non-condensing’ boilers. 3.1.9 on/off boiler boiler without the capability to vary the fuel burning rate while maintaining continuous burner firing. This includes boilers with alternative burning rates set once only at the time of installation, referred to as range rating 3.1.10 multistage boiler boiler with the capability to vary the fuel burning rate stepwise while maintaining continuous burner firing 3.1.11 modulating boiler boiler with the capability to vary continuously (from a set minimum to a set maximum) the fuel burning rate while maintaining continuous burner firing 3.1.12 energy carrier substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat, or to operate chemical or physical processes [ISO 13600:1997]
EN 15378:2007 (E) 10 NOTE The energy content of fuels is given by their gross calorific value. 3.1.13 energyware tradeable commodity used mainly to produce mechanical work or heat, or to operate chemical or physical processes, and listed in ISO 13600:1997, Annex A NOTE Energywares form a proper subset of energy carriers. The set of energy carriers is open. 3.1.14 delivered energy energy content, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the building through the system boundary, to satisfy the uses taken into account (e.g. heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances) or to produce electricity NOTE 1
For active solar and wind energy systems, the incident solar radiation on solar panels or the kinetic energy of wind is not part of the energy balance of the building. Only the energy delivered by the generation devices and the auxiliary energy needed to supply the energy from the source (e.g. solar panel) to the building are taken into account in the energy balance and hence in the delivered energy. NOTE 2 Delivered energy can be calculated for defined energy uses or it can be measured. NOTE 3 It is decided on a national level whether or not renewable energy produced on site constitutes part of delivered energy. 3.1.15 operational rating energy rating based on measured amounts of delivered and exported energy NOTE The measured rating is the weighted sum of all energy carriers used by the building, as measured by meters or other means. It is a measure of the in-use performance of the building. This is particularly relevant to certification of actual energy performance. 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply.
EN 15378:2007 (E) 11 Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit A area m² c coefficient various c specific heat capacity J/kg·K or Wh/kg·K a DD degree-days °C·day E energy in general, except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy J or Wh a f factor - h surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m²·K) h latent heat J/kg or Wh/kg a H calorific value J/mass unit or
Wh/mass unit a b k factor - m mass kg P power in general, including electrical power W Q quantity of heat J or Wh a t time, period of time s or h a V volume m³ V' volume flow m³/s or m³/h a W auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work J or Wh a x relative humidity % X volume fraction % . loss factor %
load factor - û prefix for difference - η efficiency factor % θ Celsius temperature °C
absolute humidity kg/Nm³
density kg/m³ - heat flow rat
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