SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore production installations - Basic surface process safety systems (ISO 10418:2003)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore production installations - Basic surface process safety systems (ISO 10418:2003)
ISO 10418:2003 provides objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for techniques for the analysis, design and testing of surface process safety systems for offshore installations for the recovery of hydrocarbon resources. The basic concepts associated with the analysis and design of a process safety system for an offshore oil and gas production facility are described, together with examples of the application to typical (simple) process components. These examples are contained in the annexes of ISO 10418:2003.
ISO 10418:2003 is applicable to fixed offshore structures, floating production, storage and off-take systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
ISO 10418:2003 is not applicable to mobile offshore units and subsea installations, although many of the principles contained in it may be used as guidance.
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Offshore Produktionsanlagen - Analyse, Auslegung, Installation und Prüfung von grundlegenden Sicherheitssystemen von Verfahren oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche (ISO 10418:2003)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Plates-formes de production en mer - Analyse, conception, installation et essais des systemes essentiels de sécurité de surface (ISO 10418:2003)
Industrija za predelavo nafte in zemeljskega plina - Plavajoči proizvodni objekti - Osnovni varnostni sistemi pri postopkih nad gladino vode (ISO 10418:2003)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
01-maj-2004
,QGXVWULMD]DSUHGHODYRQDIWHLQ]HPHOMVNHJDSOLQD3ODYDMRþLSURL]YRGQLREMHNWL
2VQRYQLYDUQRVWQLVLVWHPLSULSRVWRSNLKQDGJODGLQRYRGH ,62
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore production installations - Basic surface
process safety systems (ISO 10418:2003)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Offshore Produktionsanlagen - Analyse, Auslegung,
Installation und Prüfung von grundlegenden Sicherheitssystemen von Verfahren
oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche (ISO 10418:2003)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Plates-formes de production en mer - Analyse,
conception, installation et essais des systemes essentiels de sécurité de surface (ISO
10418:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10418:2003
ICS:
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
SIST EN ISO 10418:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10418
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2003
ICS 75.180.10
English version
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Offshore production
installations - Basic surface process safety systems (ISO
10418:2003)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Plates-formes de
production en mer - Analyse, conception, installation et
essais des systèmes essentiels de sécurité de surface
(ISO 10418:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 October 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10418:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
EN ISO 10418:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 10418:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67
"Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 "Materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum and natural gas industries", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2004.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
the United Kingdom.
NOTE FROM CMC The foreword is susceptible to be amended on reception of the German
language version. The confirmed or amended foreword, and when appropriate, the normative
annex ZA for the references to international publications with their relevant European
publications will be circulated with the German version.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10418:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10418:2003 without any
modifications.
2
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10418
Second edition
2003-10-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Offshore production installations —
Basic surface process safety systems
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Plates-formes de production
en mer — Analyse, conception, installation et essais des systèmes
essentiels de sécurité de surface
Reference number
ISO 10418:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms. 1
3.1 Terms and definitions. 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 7
4 Symbols and identification for protection devices . 8
4.1 Objectives . 8
4.2 Functional requirements . 8
5 Safety analysis concepts . 9
5.1 Objectives . 9
5.2 General functional requirements. 10
5.3 Functional requirements for analysis using tables, checklists and functional evaluation
charts. 10
5.4 Functional requirements for analysis using structured review techniques . 12
6 Process safety system design. 13
6.1 Objectives . 13
6.2 Functional requirements . 13
6.3 Requirements when tables, checklists and function evaluation charts are used as the
analysis method . 19
6.4 Requirements when tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment
have been selected from ISO 17776. 19
Annex A (informative) Component identification and safety device symbols . 20
Annex B (informative) Analysis using tables, checklists and functional evaluation charts . 25
Annex C (informative) Examples of safety analysis flow diagram and safety analysis function
evaluation (SAFE) chart. 71
Annex D (informative) Support systems . 84
Annex E (informative) Bypassing and annunciation. 92
Annex F (informative) Toxic gases . 94
Annex G (informative) Typical testing and reporting procedures. 98
Bibliography . 106
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10418 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures
for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 6, Processing equipment and
systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10418:1993), which has been technically
revised including the following:
reference to IEC 61511 is made for instrumentation used as secondary protection;
risk-based methods of analysis are included as an alternative to the use of safety analysis tables (SATs)
and safety analysis checklists (SACs);
additional guidance is provided on the setting of safety integrity levels for fire and gas and ESD systems;
additional guidance is provided concerning toxic gases and bypassing and annunciation.
iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
Introduction
Effective management systems are required to address the health and safety aspects of the activities
1)
undertaken by all companies associated with the offshore recovery of hydrocarbons . These management
systems should be applied to all stages in the life cycle of an installation and to all related activities. Such a
[4]
management system, which has been developed for environmental issues, is described in ISO 14001 and
the principles contained in this International Standard can also be applied to issues relating to health and
safety.
One key element of effective management systems is a systematic approach to the identification of hazards
and the assessment of the risk in order to provide information to aid decision-making on the need to introduce
risk-reduction measures.
Risk reduction is an important component of risk management, and the selection of risk-reduction measures
will predominantly entail the use of sound engineering judgement. However, such judgements may need to be
supplemented by recognition of the particular circumstances, which may require variation to past practices
and previously applied codes and standards.
Risk-reduction measures should include those to prevent incidents (i.e. reducing the probability of occurrence),
to control incidents (i.e. limit the extent and duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects (i.e.
reducing the consequences). Preventative measures such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring
asset integrity should be emphasized wherever practicable. Measures to recover from incidents should be
provided based on risk assessment and should be developed taking into account possible failures of the
control and mitigation measures. Based on the results of the evaluation, detailed health, safety and
environmental objectives and functional requirements should be set at appropriate levels.
The level and extent of hazard identification and risk assessment activities will vary depending on the scale of
the installation and the stage in the installation life cycle when the identification and assessment process is
undertaken. For example:
complex installations, e.g. a large production platform incorporating complex facilities, drilling modules
and large accommodation modules, are likely to require detailed studies to address hazardous events
such as fires, explosions, ship collisions, structural damage, etc.;
for simpler installations, e.g. a wellhead platform with limited process facilities, it may be possible to rely
on application of recognized codes and standards as a suitable base which reflects industry experience
for this type of facility;
for installations which are a repeat of earlier designs, evaluations undertaken for the original design may
be deemed sufficient to determine the measures needed to manage hazardous events;
for installations in the early design phases, the evaluations will necessarily be less detailed than those
undertaken during later design phases and will focus on design issues rather than management and
procedural aspects. Any design criteria developed during these early stages will need to be verified once
the installation is operational.
Hazard identification and risk assessment activities may need to be reviewed and updated if significant new
issues are identified or if there is significant change to the installation. The above is general and applies to all
hazards and potentially hazardous events.
1) For example, operators should have an effective management system. Contractors should have either their own
management system or conduct their activities consistently with the operator's management system.
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
Process protection system is a term used to describe the equipment provided to prevent, mitigate or control
undesirable events in process equipment, and includes relief systems, instrumentation for alarm and
shutdown, and emergency support systems. Process protection systems should be provided based on an
evaluation that takes into account undesirable events that may pose a safety risk. The results of the
evaluation process and the decisions taken with respect to the need for process protection systems should be
fully recorded.
If an installation and the associated process systems are sufficiently well understood, it is possible to use
codes and standards as the basis for the hazard identification and risk assessment activities that underpin the
selection of the required process protection systems. The content of this International Standard is designed to
[8]
be used for such applications and has been derived from the methods contained in API RP 14C that have
proven to be effective for many years. Alternative methods of evaluation may be used, for example based on
the structured review techniques described in ISO 17776. Having undertaken an appropriate evaluation, the
selection of equipment to use may be based on a combination of the traditional prescriptive approach and new
standards that are more risk based.
Particular requirements for the control and mitigation of fires and explosions on offshore installations are given
in ISO 13702. General requirements for fire and gas and emergency shutdown (ESD) systems are also
included in ISO 13702.
This International Standard and ISO 13702 reference new standards on functional safety of instrumented
systems. This International Standard refers to IEC 61511-1, which is the process sector implementation of the
generic standard IEC 61508 that is referred to in ISO 13702. The relationship between the standards referred
to above is presented in Figure 1.
The approach described in this International Standard should be applied in an iterative way. As design
proceeds, consideration should be given as to whether any new hazards are introduced and whether any new
risk-reduction measures need to be introduced.
It should be recognized that the design, analysis and testing techniques described in this International
Standard have been developed bearing in mind the typical installations now in use. Due consideration should
therefore be given during the development of process protection systems to the size of the installation, the
complexity of the process facilities, the complexity and diversity of the protection equipment and the manning
levels required. New and innovative technology may require new approaches.
This International Standard has been prepared primarily to assist in the development of new installations, and
as such it may not be appropriate to apply some of the requirements to existing installations. Retrospective
application of this International Standard should only be undertaken if it is reasonable to do so. During the
planning of a major modification to an installation, there may be more opportunity to implement the
requirements and a careful review of this International Standard should be undertaken to determine those
clauses which can be adopted during the modification.
vi © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
Key
1 Tools and techniques for systematic hazard identification and risk analysis
2 Requirements for instrument systems used for sole or secondary protection
3 For safety integrity requirements for fire and gas and emergency shutdown systems
4 Requirements for fire and explosion strategy and support systems
5 Requirements for instrument products used for safety that have not been proven by “prior use”
Figure 1 — Relationship between offshore-relevant standards
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved vii
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10418:2003(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production
installations — Basic surface process safety systems
1 Scope
This International Standard provides objectives, functional requirements and guidelines for techniques for the
analysis, design and testing of surface process safety systems for offshore installations for the recovery of
hydrocarbon resources. The basic concepts associated with the analysis and design of a process safety
system for an offshore oil and gas production facility are described, together with examples of the application
to typical (simple) process components. These examples are contained in the annexes of this International
Standard.
This International Standard is applicable to
fixed offshore structures;
floating production, storage and off-take systems;
for the petroleum and natural gas industries.
This International Standard is not applicable to mobile offshore units and subsea installations, although many
of the principles contained in it may be used as guidance.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13702:1999, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
ISO 17776:2000, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Guidelines on
tools and techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment
IEC 61511-1, Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector — Part 1:
Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
abnormal operating condition
condition which occurs in a process component when an operating variable ranges outside of its normal
operating limits
3.1.2
atmospheric service
operation at gauge pressures between 0,2 kPa vacuum and 35 kPa pressure
© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
3.1.3
automatically fired vessel
fired vessel having the burner fuel controlled by an automatic temperature or pressure controller
3.1.4
backflow
in a process component, fluid flow in the direction opposite to that of normal flow
3.1.5
blowdown valve
valve used to connect a process system to the system for discharging inventory to the atmosphere
3.1.6
containment
situation in which the hazardous material is held safely in a pressurized system
3.1.7
detectable abnormal condition
abnormal operating condition which can be detected by a sensor
3.1.8
direct ignition source
any source with sufficient energy to initiate combustion
3.1.9
emergency shutdown system
ESD system
system, activated by automatic or manual signals, which undertakes the control actions to shut down
equipment or processes in response to a hazardous situation
3.1.10
excess temperature
in a process component, temperature higher than the rated working temperature
3.1.11
fail-closed valve
valve which will move to the closed position upon loss of the power medium or signal
3.1.12
failure
improper performance of a device or equipment item that prevents completion of its design function
3.1.13
fire detection system
system which provides continuous automatic monitoring to alert personnel to the presence of fire and to allow
control actions to be initiated either manually or automatically
3.1.14
fired vessel
vessel in which the temperature of a fluid is increased by the addition of heat supplied by a flame contained
within a fire tube within the vessel
3.1.15
fire loop
pneumatic control line containing temperature-sensing elements which, when activated, will initiate control
actions in response to a hazardous situation
NOTE Examples of temperature-sensing elements are: fusible plugs, synthetic tubing, etc.
2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
3.1.16
flame failure
flame which is inadequate to instantaneously ignite combustible vapours entering the firing chamber of a fired
vessel
3.1.17
flowline
piping which directs the well stream from the wellhead to the first downstream process component
3.1.18
flowline segment
any portion of a flowline that has an operating pressure different from another portion of the same flowline
3.1.19
gas blowby
discharge of gas from a process component through a liquid outlet
3.1.20
gas detection system
system which monitors spaces on an offshore installation for the presence and concentration of flammable
gases and initiates alarm and control actions at predetermined concentrations
3.1.21
hazardous area
three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere may be expected to be present frequently enough
to require special precaution for the control of potential ignition sources
3.1.22
hazardous event
incident which occurs when a hazard is realised
EXAMPLES Release of gas, fire, gas blowby.
3.1.23
high liquid level
in a process component, liquid level above the normal operating level but less than the maximum allowable
working level
3.1.24
high pressure
in a process component, pressure in excess of the normal operating pressure but less than the maximum
allowable working pressure
NOTE For pipelines, the maximum allowable working pressure is the maximum allowable operating pressure.
3.1.25
HP/LP interface
point in a process plant where operating pressure changes from high pressure to low pressure
NOTE A change in system design pressure or piping class is often associated with the HP/LP interface.
3.1.26
high temperature
in a process component, temperature in excess of the normal operating temperature but less than the
maximum allowable working temperature
3.1.27
indirect heated component
vessel or heat exchanger used to increase the temperature of a fluid by heat transfer from another hot fluid
NOTE Examples of hot fluids are steam, hot water, hot oil, or other heated medium.
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SIST EN ISO 10418:2004
ISO 10418:2003(E)
3.1.28
installation safety system
arrangement of safety devices and emergency support systems to effect installation shutdown
NOTE The system can consist of a number of individual process shutdowns and can be actuated by either manual
controls or automatic sensors.
3.1.29
installation shutdown
shutting down of all process stations of an installation production process and all support equipment for the
process which are not required for emergency response and personnel safety
3.1.30
instrument protection system
system that uses instrumentation to detect a deviation from the normal operating conditions and takes action
to return the process to a safe state or prevent environmental damage, injury to personnel or asset loss
3.1.31
integrity
probability of a system satisfactorily performing the required function under all the stated conditions within a
stated period of time
3.1.32
leak
accidental escape from a process component of liquid and/or gaseous hydrocarbons to atmosphere
3.1.33
liquid overflow
discharge of liquids from a process component through a gas (vapour) outlet
3.1.34
lower flammable limit
LFL
lower explosive limit
LEL
lowest concentration, by volume, of combustible gases in mixture with air that can be ignited at ambient
conditions
3.1.35
low flow
in a process component, flowrate lower than the normal operating flowrate but higher than the lowest
allowable working flowrate
3.1.36
low liquid level
in a process component, liquid level below the normal operating level but above the lowest allowable working
level
3.1.37
low pressure
in a process component, pressure less than the normal operating pressure but more than the lowest allowable
working pressure
3.1.38
low temperature
in a process component, temperature less than the normal operating temperature but more than the lowest
allowable working temperature
4 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved
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