SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices (SRD) - Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB) - Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

UWB Sensors for building material analysis and classification in the range of 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz.The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis and Classification (BMA) applications using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz. Additionally, it specifies reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB building material analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [6].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.

Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Tehnične karakteristike za opremo SRD, ki uporablja ultra širokopasovno (UWB) tehnologijo - Aplikacije opreme za analizo in klasifikacijo vgrajenih materialov, ki deluje v frekvenčnem pasu od 2,2 GHz do 8 GHz - 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 31-Jul-2007
• Publication Date: 02-Jul-2008
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 33.100.01 - Electromagnetic compatibility in general
• Technical Committee: MOC - Mobile Communications
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 10-Jun-2008
• Due Date: 15-Aug-2008
• Completion Date: 03-Jul-2008
• Ref Project: ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2007-05) - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB);
Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications
operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)



Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31C-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
2.1 Normative references.8
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.10
4 Technical requirement specifications.10
4.1 General requirements.10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .11
4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment.11
4.2.3 Declarations by the provider.11
4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification.11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Controls.11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.11
4.4 Other device emissions.12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .12
5.1 Test conditions.12
5.2 Test power source.12
5.2.1 External test power source.12
5.2.2 Internal test power source .12
5.3 Normal test conditions.13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.13
5.3.2 Normal test power source .13
5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source.13
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .13
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.13
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.13
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter .14
6.3 Measuring receiver.14
7 Interpretation of results .14
7.1 Measurement uncertainty.14
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.16
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .16
8.1 General.16
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies.16
8.2.1 Definition.16
8.2.2 Method of measurement.17
8.2.3 Frequency range.18
8.3 Emissions.18
8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter .18
8.3.1.1 Definitions.18
ETSI

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4 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
8.3.1.2 Method of measurement.18
8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE).19
8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE).21
8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment
(UE).21
8.3.1.3 Limits.22
8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE).22
8.3.2.1 Definition.22
8.3.2.2 Method of measurement.22
8.3.2.3 Limits.22
8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP).22
8.3.3.1 Definitions.22
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement.23
8.3.3.3 Limits.23
8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .24
8.4.1 Definitions.24
8.4.2 Declaration.24
8.4.3 Limits.24
8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT).24
8.5.1 Definition.24
8.5.2 Function of LBT .25
8.5.3 Method of measurement.27
8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure.27
8.5.3.2 Test set-up.27
8.5.4 Limits.29
8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism.30
8.5.6 Design requirements.31
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.31
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.31
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .32
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .32
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.32
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.33
A.1.3 Test antenna.34
A.1.4 Measuring antenna.34
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .35
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .35
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT .35
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT.35
A.2.4 Range length.35
A.2.5 Site preparation.36
A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables .36
Annex B (normative): Design requirements.37
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .38
Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement
of the undesired emissions.39
D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function.39
D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation .40
D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result .41
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.42
History .43

ETSI

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5 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on Building
Material Analysis (BMA) devices.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material
Analysis (BMA) and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz, as
identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be
presented.
Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and
maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment
should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements.
Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications.
Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function.
Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.

ETSI

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6 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 11 April 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2009
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2009

ETSI

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7 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis and Classification (BMA) applications
using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz. Additionally, it specifies
reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB building material analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [6].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to
function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building
materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI

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8 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEN EN 206-1 (2000): "Concrete - Part 1: Specification, Performance, Production and
Conformity".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[5] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[6] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[7] ITU-R Recommendation SM 1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum
requirements for short-range radiocommunication devices".
[8] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[9] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[10] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual
on-the-air emission time within a given time window
clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogenities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building
material structures
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRI variations
ETSI

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9 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets
SRD: Equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis (as also defined in
ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [7])
Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the BM&A-scenario
NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is
comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator.
undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a
wall or other absorptive material to be investigated
NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
E Electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms Average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency
f frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
Gain of the measurement LNA
GLNA
Gain of the measurement antenna
GA
G(f) Antenna gain over frequency
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
P Power
P spectral power density
e.i.r.p.
P measured spectral power
m
P undesired spectral power density
wall, e.i.r.p.
P power of a different device at the BMA
victim
R Distance
rms Root mean square
t time
T pulse rise time
P
Z Free space wave impedance
F0
λ wavelength
c velocity of light in a vacuum
δR range resolution
δt time interval between the arrivals of two signals from targets separated in range by δR
ETSI

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10 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BMA Building Material Analysis
CEPT Conférence Européenne des administrations de Postes et des Télécommunications
CW Continuous Wave
dB deciBel
dBi gain in deciBel relative to an isotropic antenna
dBm deciBel reference to 1 mW
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
IT Information Technology
LBT Listen Before Talk
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MSS Mobile Satellite Service
OE Other Emissions
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequenc
...

Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB);
Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications
operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)



Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31C-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
2.1 Normative references.8
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.9
4 Technical requirement specifications.10
4.1 General requirements.10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .10
4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment.11
4.2.3 Declarations by the provider.11
4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification.11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Controls.11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.11
4.4 Other device emissions.11
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .12
5.1 Test conditions.12
5.2 Test power source.12
5.2.1 External test power source.12
5.2.2 Internal test power source .12
5.3 Normal test conditions.12
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.12
5.3.2 Normal test power source .13
5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source.13
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .13
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.13
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.13
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter .13
6.3 Measuring receiver.14
7 Interpretation of results .14
7.1 Measurement uncertainty.14
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.15
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .15
8.1 General.15
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies.16
8.2.1 Definition.16
8.2.2 Method of measurement.16
8.2.3 Frequency range.17
8.3 Emissions.17
8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter .17
8.3.1.1 Definitions.17
ETSI

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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
8.3.1.2 Method of measurement.18
8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE).18
8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE).20
8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment
(UE).20
8.3.1.3 Limits.20
8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE).21
8.3.2.1 Definition.21
8.3.2.2 Method of measurement.21
8.3.2.3 Limits.21
8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP).21
8.3.3.1 Definitions.21
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement.22
8.3.3.3 Limits.22
8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .23
8.4.1 Definitions.23
8.4.2 Declaration.23
8.4.3 Limits.23
8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT).23
8.5.1 Definition.23
8.5.2 Function of LBT .23
8.5.3 Method of measurement.26
8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure.26
8.5.3.2 Test set-up.26
8.5.4 Limits.28
8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism.29
8.5.6 Design requirements.29
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.30
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.30
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements.31
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .31
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.31
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.32
A.1.3 Test antenna.33
A.1.4 Measuring antenna.33
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .34
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .34
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT .34
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT.34
A.2.4 Range length.34
A.2.5 Site preparation.35
A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables .35
Annex B (normative): Design requirements.36
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .37
Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement of the
undesired emissions .38
D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function.38
D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation .38
D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result .40
Annex E (informative): Bibliography .41
History .42

ETSI

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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on Building
Material Analysis (BMA) devices.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material
Analysis (BMA) and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz, as
identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be
presented.
Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and
maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment
should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements.
Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications.
Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function.
Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis and Classification (BMA) applications
using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz. Additionally, it specifies
reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB building material analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [6].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to
function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building
materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEN EN 206-1 (2000): "Concrete - Part 1: Specification, Performance, Production and
Conformity".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[5] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)".
2.2 Informative references
[6] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[7] ITU-R Recommendation SM 1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum
requirements for short-range radiocommunication devices".
[8] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[9] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[10] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual
on-the-air emission time within a given time window
clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogenities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building
material structures
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRI variations
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
SRD: Equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis (as also defined in
ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [7])
Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the BM&A-scenario
NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is
comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator.
undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a
wall or other absorptive material to be investigated
NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
E Electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms Average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency
f frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
Gain of the measurement LNA
GLNA
Gain of the measurement antenna
GA
G(f) Antenna gain over frequency
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
P Power
P spectral power density
e.i.r.p.
P measured spectral power
m
P undesired spectral power density
wall, e.i.r.p.
P power of a different device at the BMA
victim
R Distance
rms Root mean square
t time
T pulse rise time
P
Z Free space wave impedance
F0
λ wavelength
c velocity of light in a vacuum
δR range resolution
δt time interval between the arrivals of two signals from targets separated in range by δR
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BMA Building Material Analysis
CEPT Conférence Européenne des administrations de Postes et des Télécommunications
CW Continuous Wave
dB deciBel
dBi gain in deciBel relative to an isotropic antenna
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-02)
dBm deciBel reference to 1 mW
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
IT Information Technology
LBT Listen Before Talk
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MSS Mobile Satellite Service
OE Other Emissions
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetit
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
01-september-2008
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50
1DSUDYHNUDWNHJDGRVHJD65'7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNH]DRSUHPR65'NL
XSRUDEOMDXOWUDãLURNRSDVRYQR8:%WHKQRORJLMR$SOLNDFLMHRSUHPH]DDQDOL]RLQ
NODVLILNDFLMRYJUDMHQLKPDWHULDORYNLGHOXMHYIUHNYHQþQHPSDVXRG*+]GR
*+]GHO7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQSUHVNXVQHPHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices
(SRD) - Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra WideBand technology
(UWB) - Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications operating in
the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz - Part 1: Technical characteristics and test
methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 435-1 Version 1.2.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008

ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB);
Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment applications
operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 2 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)



Reference
DEN/ERM-TG31C-001-1
Keywords
radar, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
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The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 3 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.7
2 References.7
2.1 Normative references.8
2.2 Informative references.8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions.8
3.2 Symbols.9
3.3 Abbreviations.10
4 Technical requirement specifications.10
4.1 General requirements.10
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.10
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing .11
4.2.2 Auxiliary test equipment.11
4.2.3 Declarations by the provider.11
4.2.4 Marking and equipment identification.11
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.11
4.3.1 General.11
4.3.2 Controls.11
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility.11
4.4 Other device emissions.12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .12
5.1 Test conditions.12
5.2 Test power source.12
5.2.1 External test power source.12
5.2.2 Internal test power source .12
5.3 Normal test conditions.13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.13
5.3.2 Normal test power source .13
5.3.2.1 Internal battery power source.13
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources .13
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.13
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.13
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter .14
6.3 Measuring receiver.14
7 Interpretation of results .14
7.1 Measurement uncertainty.14
7.1.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.1.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than the maximum acceptable uncertainty.15
7.2 Other emissions from device circuitry.16
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters .16
8.1 General.16
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies.16
8.2.1 Definition.16
8.2.2 Method of measurement.17
8.2.3 Frequency range.18
8.3 Emissions.18
8.3.1 Undesired UWB emissions from the transmitter .18
8.3.1.1 Definitions.18
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 4 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
8.3.1.2 Method of measurement.18
8.3.1.2.1 Method of measurement of the Total Emissions (TE).19
8.3.1.2.2 Method of measurement of the Other Emissions (OE).21
8.3.1.2.3 Method of calculation of the maximum mean undesired UWB emission of the equipment
(UE).21
8.3.1.3 Limits.22
8.3.2 Other Emissions (OE).22
8.3.2.1 Definition.22
8.3.2.2 Method of measurement.22
8.3.2.3 Limits.22
8.3.3 Total Power spectral density (UE-TP).22
8.3.3.1 Definitions.22
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement.23
8.3.3.3 Limits.23
8.4 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) .24
8.4.1 Definitions.24
8.4.2 Declaration.24
8.4.3 Limits.24
8.5 Listen Before Talk (LBT).24
8.5.1 Definition.24
8.5.2 Function of LBT .25
8.5.3 Method of measurement.27
8.5.3.1 Measurement procedure.27
8.5.3.2 Test set-up.27
8.5.4 Limits.29
8.5.5 Test signal definition for LBT-mechanism.30
8.5.6 Design requirements.31
9 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters.31
9.1 Receiver spurious emissions.31
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements .32
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields .32
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber.32
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane.33
A.1.3 Test antenna.34
A.1.4 Measuring antenna.34
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .35
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .35
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT .35
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT.35
A.2.4 Range length.35
A.2.5 Site preparation.36
A 2.6 General requirements for RF cables .36
Annex B (normative): Design requirements.37
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .38
Annex D (normative): Definition of the representative wall and procedure for measurement
of the undesired emissions.39
D.1 Representative wall definition for measuring the undesired emissions and LBT function.39
D.2 Procedure for measurement the wall attenuation .40
D.3 Typical representative wall measurement result .41
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.42
History .43

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 5 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC Decision ECC/DEC(07)01 on Building
Material Analysis (BMA) devices.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Ultra WideBand (UWB) Building Material
Analysis (BMA) and Classification equipment applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz, as
identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Clauses 1 and 3 provide a general description on the types of equipment covered by the present document and the
definitions and abbreviations used.
Clauses 4 and 5 provide the technical requirements for the conduction of the tests and information for equipment to be
presented.
Clauses 6 and 7 give guidance on the general conditions for testing of the device and the interpretation of results and
maximum measurement uncertainty values.
Clause 8 specifies the transmitter spectrum utilization parameters. The clause provides details on how the equipment
should be tested and the conditions which should be applied.
Annex A (normative) provides specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B (normative) provides specifications concerning the design requirements.
Annex C (informative) gives information for the measurement antenna and the preamplifier specifications.
Annex D (normative) provides a representative wall definition for emission measurements and the LBT function.
Annex E (informative) Bibliography covers other supplementary information.

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 6 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 11 April 2008
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2008
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2009
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2009

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 7 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Building Material Analysis and Classification (BMA) applications
using UWB technology operating in all or part of the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz. Additionally, it specifies
reduced emissions in the ranges from 0,96 GHz to 2,2 GHz and 8 GHz to 10,6 GHz.
The present document applies to:
a) UWB building material analysis and classification equipment for imaging and object detection applications;
b) equipment fitted with an integral antenna;
c) handheld devices.
The present document does not apply to:
• UWB communication devices; and
• Ground penetrating radar devices; and
• through-wall radar imaging devices;
as defined in ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754 [6].
The present document specifies the equipment which is designed to not radiate into the free space. It is designed to
function only when positioned such that it radiates directly into the absorptive material such as walls and other building
materials which absorb emissions.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 8 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEN EN 206-1 (2000): "Concrete - Part 1: Specification, Performance, Production and
Conformity".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[5] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[6] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[7] ITU-R Recommendation SM 1538: "Technical and operating parameters and spectrum
requirements for short-range radiocommunication devices".
[8] ETSI TR 102 070-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Guide to
the application of harmonized standards to multi-radio and combined radio and non-radio
equipment; Part 2: Effective use of the radio frequency spectrum".
[9] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01E (2005): "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[10] CENELEC EN 55022: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics -
Limits and methods of measurement".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: effective transmission time ratio, actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual
on-the-air emission time within a given time window
clutter: undesired radar reflections (echoes) e.g. from inhomogenities, interfaces, gravel stones, cavities in building
material structures
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Listen Before Talk (LBT): mechanism to avoid signal transmission in the presence of other radio service signals
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRI variations
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1:2008
 9 ETSI EN 302 435-1 V1.2.1 (2008-04)
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
spatial resolution: ability to discriminate between two adjacent targets
SRD: Equipment defined to operate on a non-interference, no protection from interference basis (as also defined in
ITU-R Recommendation SM.1538 [7])
Total Power (TP): integration of the undesired emissions in the whole area around the BM&A-scenario
NOTE: The integration is over a sphere (same procedure as for Total Radiated Power (TRP)). This value is
comparable to an equivalent isotropic radiator.
undesired emissions: any emissions into free space during operation of the equipment when equipment is faced to a
wall or other absorptive material to be investigated
NOTE: Undesired emissions are:
leaked emissions from the side or backside of the antenna; and/or
scattered/reflected emissions from the building material to be investigated; and/or
residual emissions through the building material.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
E Electrical field strength
E relative di
...