SIST EN 1894:2005

Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of shear strength by compression loading of notched specimens

This document specifies the conditions for determination of the inter-laminar shear strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C under a vacuum, or a gas atmosphere, which is inert to the material under test, by loading of notched specimens in compression.
NOTE 1   The use of a vacuum or a gas atmosphere is aimed at avoiding changes of the material to be tested due to chemical reaction with its environment during the test.
This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.
NOTE 2   Care should be exercised in interpreting the results of the test method to obtain absolute values of the inter-laminar shear strength of ceramic matrix composites for design purposes.
.

Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur in inerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung der Scherfestigkeit durch Druckbeanspruchung von gekerbten Proben

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bedingungen zur Bestimmung der interlaminaren Scherfestikgeit von endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer Matrix bei Temperaturen bis 2 000 °C im Vakuum oder in einer gegenüber dem zu prüfenden Werkstoff inerten Gasatmosphäre durch Druckbeanspruchung von gekerbten Proben fest.
ANMERKUNG 1   Die Verwendung eines Vakuums oder einer Gasatmosphäre hat den Zweck, Veränderungen des zu prüfenden Werkstoffes aufgrund einer chemischen Reaktion mit der umgebenden Atmosphäre während des Versuches zu vermeiden.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für alle endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix mit unidirektionaler (1D), bidirektionaler (2D) und tridirektionaler (xD, mit 2 < x < 3) Verstärkung bei einer Belastung entlang einer der Hauptverstärkungsachsen.
ANMERKUNG 2   Wenn die Ergebnisse des Prüfverfahrens ausgewertet werden, um absolute Werte der interlaminaren Scherfestigkeit von Verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer Matrix für Entwurfszwecke zu ermitteln, sollte sorgfältig vorgegangen werden.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites a haute température sous atmosphere neutre - Détermination de la résistance au cisaillement par compression d'éprouvettes entaillées

Le présent document spécifie les conditions de détermination de la résistance au cisaillement interlaminaire
des matériaux composites à matrice céramique à renfort continu, à température élevée jusqu'à 2 000 °C sous
vide ou sous une atmosphère gazeuse qui soit neutre vis-à-vis du matériau essayé, par compression d'une
éprouvette entaillée.
NOTE 1 L'utilisation du vide ou de l�atmosphère gazeuse permet d'éviter de soumettre le matériau à des changements
dus à une réaction chimique avec l'environnement pendant l'essai.
Ce document s'applique à tous les composites à matrice céramique à renfort continu, unidirectionnel (1D),
bidirectionnel (2D), et tridirectionnel (xD, avec 2 < x < 3) sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort.
NOTE 2 Il convient d�interpréter avec prudence les résultats de la méthode proposée pour obtenir des valeurs
intrinsèques de la résistance au cisaillement interlaminaire des composites à matrice céramique.

Sodobna tehnična keramika – Mehanske lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri visoki temperaturi v pogojih inertne atmosfere – Ugotavljanje strižne trdnosti s tlačno obremenitvijo zarezanih preskušancev

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2005
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: SS SPL - Technical Board for the general field
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Due Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Completion Date: 01-Sep-2005
• Mandate: M/076 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC for standardization in the field of advanced ceramics
• Ref Project: EN 1894:2005 - Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of shear strength by compression loading of notched specimens

Relations

• Replaces: SIST ENV 1894:2000 - Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of shear strength by compression loading of notched specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2005

Overview

EN 1894:2005 (CEN) specifies a standardized method to determine the inter‑laminar shear strength (ILSS) of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) with continuous fibre reinforcement at temperatures up to 2 000 °C. The method uses compression loading of transversely notched specimens in a controlled vacuum or inert gas atmosphere to avoid chemical alteration of the material during testing. The standard applies to unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD) CMCs loaded along a principal reinforcement axis.

Key topics and requirements

• Test principle: Measure the maximum force causing shear fracture of a notched specimen heated to test temperature under compression with a constant crosshead displacement rate.
• Temperature/environment control: Tests are performed in a gas‑tight chamber under vacuum or an inert gas; temperature in the shear-loaded area must vary by less than 20 °C.
• Temperature measurement: Use thermocouples conforming to EN 60584-1 / EN 60584-2 or provide calibration data for alternative devices.
• Apparatus: Load cell accuracy to grade 1 per EN ISO 7500-1; aligned load train to prevent buckling; suitable heating and data recording systems.
• Specimen geometry and preparation: Notched specimen dimensions and tolerances are defined; notch depth guidance and machining precautions to avoid damage. Measure width and notch spacing (b, L) and record dimensions.
• Test procedure: Establish temperature gradients, eliminate air/water vapor before establishing inert atmosphere, stabilize temperature, record force‑time, and cool under inert atmosphere.
• Calculations and validity: ILSS is calculated as ILSS = F / (b·L), where F is shear failure force (N), b width (mm), L notch spacing (mm). At least five valid results are required per condition. Tests invalidated by non‑shear fractures, specimen bending/slippage, or atmosphere changes.
• Reporting: Comprehensive test report requirements (material ID, setup, temperatures, force‑time records, mean ILSS and standard deviation, fracture mode, etc.).

Applications and users

• Who uses it: materials testing laboratories, advanced ceramics manufacturers, aerospace and power‑generation R&D, quality assurance teams, and design engineers evaluating high‑temperature CMC performance.
• Practical use: Characterize inter‑laminar shear behavior of CMCs for component qualification, material development, high‑temperature joint and interface assessment, and comparative performance testing under inert environments.

Related standards

• EN ISO 7500-1 - verification of force measuring systems
• EN 60584-1 / EN 60584-2 - thermocouple reference tables and tolerances
• ISO 3611 - micrometers for dimensional measurement

Keywords: EN 1894:2005, ceramic matrix composites, inter‑laminar shear strength, ILSS, high temperature testing, inert atmosphere, notched specimens, compression loading, CEN.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2005
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YLVRNLWHPSHUDWXULYSRJRMLKLQHUWQHDWPRVIHUH±8JRWDYOMDQMHVWULåQHWUGQRVWLV
WODþQRREUHPHQLWYLMR]DUH]DQLKSUHVNXãDQFHY
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high
temperature under inert atmosphere - Determination of shear strength by compression
loading of notched specimens
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen
Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur in inerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung der
Scherfestigkeit durch Druckbeanspruchung von gekerbten Proben
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites
a haute température sous atmosphere neutre - Détermination de la résistance au
cisaillement par compression d'éprouvettes entaillées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1894:2005
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1894
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2005
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1894:1996
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at high temperature under inert atmosphere -
Determination of shear strength by compression loading of
notched specimens
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von
des céramiques composites à haute température sous keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur in
atmosphère neutre - Détermination de la résistance au inerter Atmosphäre - Bestimmung der Scherfestigkeit durch
cisaillement par compression d'éprouvettes entaillées Druckbeanspruchung von gekerbten Proben
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2005.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1894:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Definitions and symbols .4
4 Principle.4
5 Apparatus .5
6 Test specimens.6
7 Test specimen preparation.7
8 Test procedures.8
9 Calculation of results .9
10 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Examples of types of rupture.11

Foreword
This document (EN 1894:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced
technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2005.
This document supersedes ENV 1894:1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies the conditions for determination of the inter-laminar shear strength of ceramic matrix
composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C under a vacuum, or a
gas atmosphere, which is inert to the material under test, by loading of notched specimens in compression.
NOTE 1 The use of a vacuum or a gas atmosphere is aimed at avoiding changes of the material to be tested due to
chemical reaction with its environment during the test.
This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional
(1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional (xD, with 2 < x < 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.
NOTE 2 Care should be exercised in interpreting the results of the test method to obtain absolute values of the inter-
laminar shear strength of ceramic matrix composites for design purposes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples; Part 1: Reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995)
EN 60584-2, Thermocouples; Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines - Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO
7500-1:2004)
ISO 3611, Micrometer callipers for external measurement
3 Definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions and symbols apply.
3.1
test temperature, T
temperature at the centre of the test piece
3.2
shear failure force, F
maximum force required during a test carried out up to failure
3.3
interlaminar shear strength, ILSS
ratio calculated on the basis of the shear failure force and the shear loaded area
4 Principle
The test consists of measuring the force required to fracture a transversely notched test specimen of defined
shape and dimensions, heated to the test temperature and subjected to compressive loading in direction 1
or 2, such that failure occurs in the form of inter-laminar shear in plane 12. The test is performed at constant
crosshead displacement rate.
NOTE The test duration is limited to reduce creep effects.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The test machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen
conforming to grade 1 or better according to EN ISO 7500-1.
NOTE This prevails during actual test conditions, e.g. gas pressure, temperature.
5.2 Load train
The load train configuration shall allow alignment of the test specimen axis with the direction of the load. Care
should be taken to maintain proper alignment of the specimen during loading and to avoid buckling of the
specimen.
The load train performance including the alignment system and the force transmitting system, shall not
change because of heating. Two techniques are possible:
 compression between platens without guide;
 compression between platens with a guiding tool.
The material of the tool shall be compatible with the test specimen material.
NOTE When specimens to be tested have a thickness less than 3 mm, the use of a guiding tool is recommended, to
avoid buckling. This guide should not cause any parasitic effect during the test.
5.3 Test chamber
The test chamber shall be gas tight and shall allow proper control of the test specimen environment in the
vicinity of the test specimen during the test.
...