SIST EN 14501:2021
(Main)Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performance characteristics and classification
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performance characteristics and classification
This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this document.
It specifies the corresponding properties and classifications:
- relating to thermal comfort:
- the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance);
- the secondary heat transfer factor;
- the direct solar transmittance;
- relating to visual comfort:
- the darkening performance;
- the night privacy;
- the visual contact with the outside;
- the glare control;
- the daylight utilization;
- the rendering of colours.
NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters can be used.
Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when solar protection devices are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
This document is not applicable to the solar protection devices using fluorescent materials.
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Leistungsanforderungen und Klassifizierung
Dieses Dokument gilt für sämtliche Arten von Abschlüssen, Markisen und Jalousien, die in EN 12216 definiert sind und in diesem Dokument als Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen bezeichnet werden.
Es legt die entsprechenden Eigenschaften und Klassifizierungen fest:
- in Bezug auf thermischen Komfort:
- den Sonnenfaktor (Gesamtenergiedurchlassgrad);
- den sekundären Wärmeabgabegrad nach innen;
- den direkten Transmissionsgrad;
- in Bezug auf visuellen Komfort:
- die Verdunkelungsleistung;
- den Sichtschutz bei Nacht;
- den Sichtkontakt nach außen;
- den Blendschutz;
- die Tageslichtnutzung;
- den Farbwiedergabeindex.
ANMERKUNG Für andere Verwendungszwecke können detailliertere Verfahren mit anderen Parametern angewendet werden.
Einige Merkmale (z. B. gtot) sind nicht anwendbar, wenn Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen nicht parallel zur Verglasung angebracht sind (z. B. Gelenkarmmarkisen).
Dieses Dokument ist nicht auf Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen anwendbar, bei denen fluoreszierende Materialien verwendet werden.
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Caractérisation des performances et classification
Cette Norme européenne s'applique à l'ensemble des fermetures, stores extérieurs et stores intérieurs définis dans la norme EN 12216, décrits comme des dispositifs de protection solaire dans la présente Norme européenne.
Elle spécifie les propriétés et les classifications correspondantes :
- liées au confort thermique :
- le facteur solaire (facteur de transmission de l'énergie solaire totale) ;
- le facteur de transfert de chaleur secondaire ;
- le facteur de transmission solaire directe ;
- liées au confort lumineux :
- la performance d'assombrissement ;
- l'intimité de nuit ;
- le contact visuel avec l'extérieur ;
- le contrôle de l'éblouissement ;
- l'utilisation de la lumière naturelle ;
- le rendu des couleurs.
NOTE Pour d'autres objets, des méthodes plus détaillées utilisant des paramètres différents peuvent être utilisées.
Certaines caractéristiques (par exemple gtot) ne sont pas applicables lorsque les dispositifs de protection solaire ne sont pas parallèles au vitrage (par exemple, les stores bannes).
Cette Norme européenne n'est pas applicable aux dispositifs de protection solaire qui utilisent des matériaux fluorescents.
Rolete in polkna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Delovne karakteristike in klasifikacija
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 14501:2021
01-julij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14501:2006
Rolete in polkna - Toplotno in vizualno ugodje - Delovne karakteristike in
klasifikacija
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performance characteristics and
classification
Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort - Leistungsanforderungen und
Klassifizierung
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Caractérisation des
performances et classification
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14501:2021
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
SIST EN 14501:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 14501:2021
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SIST EN 14501:2021
EN 14501
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.060.50 Supersedes EN 14501:2005
English Version
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort -
Performance characteristics and classification
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux - Abschlüsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort -
Caractérisation des performances et classification Leistungsanforderungen und Klassifizierung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 October 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14501:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 14501:2021
EN 14501:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 7
4 Notations used . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Visual or solar properties . 9
4.3 Geometry of the radiation .10
4.4 Optical factors .11
5 Thermal comfort .11
5.1 General .11
5.2 Control of solar gains – Total solar energy transmittance g .11
tot
5.3 Secondary heat gains – Secondary heat transfer factor q .13
i, tot
5.4 Protection from direct transmission – Normal/normal solar transmittance τ .14
e, n-n
6 Visual comfort .14
6.1 General .14
6.2 Darkening performance .16
6.3 Glare control .17
6.4 Night privacy .19
6.5 Visual contact with the outside .20
6.6 Daylight utilization .21
6.7 Rendering of colours .21
Annex A (normative) Reference glazing .22
A.1 General .22
A.2 Reference glazing with integrated data only .22
A.2.1 Glazing A .22
A.2.2 Glazing B .22
A.2.3 Glazing C .23
A.2.4 Glazing D .24
A.2.5 Glazing E .24
A.3 Reference glazing with spectral data .25
A.3.1 General .25
A.3.2 Glazing F .25
A.3.3 Glazing G .26
A.3.4 Glazing H .26
A.3.5 Spectral data for the panes .26
A.3.5.1 Pane 1: clear single pane (4 mm) .26
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A.3.5.2 Pane 2: pane with low emissivity coating (4 mm) . 28
A.3.5.3 Pane 3: solar control pane (6 mm) . 30
Annex B (informative) The meaning of the secondary internal heat transfer factor q . 33
i, tot
Annex C (informative) Example of performance presentation . 34
C.1 Thermal comfort . 34
C.2 Visual comfort . 34
Annex D (informative) Daylight Glare Probability . 36
D.1 General . 36
D.2 Glare . 36
D.3 Daylight Glare Probability . 36
D.3.1 General . 36
D.3.2 Annual evaluation . 37
D.3.3 Simplified annual glare evaluation . 38
D.3.3.1 General . 38
D.3.3.2 Solar protection device being opaque in the extended and closed position . 39
D.3.3.3 Solar protection device where the curtain is made of textile, film or perforated opaque
material . 40
D.3.3.4 Sunshine zones . 42
Annex E (normative) Opacity performance of curtain material . 44
Bibliography . 45
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SIST EN 14501:2021
EN 14501:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 14501:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2021, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 14501:2005.
The main modifications of this project of revision are relating to:
— the revision of the performance classification for the darkening performance;
— the revision of the performance classification for the glare control. The new classification is based on DGP
(Daylight Glare Probability) calculations and considers the cut-off angle of the curtain material;
— the addition of a fifth reference glazing (triple glazing);
— the addition of an informative annex giving recommendations on the class for glare control to be used
depending on the location and orientation of the building, as well as on the size of the glazed area, the
distance from the façade and the light transmittance of the glazing.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia,
Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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EN 14501:2021 (E)
Introduction
This document is a part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in
EN 12216.
The characteristics covered by this document are specific requirements that are complementary to the
intrinsic requirements that internal blinds, external blinds or shutters shall fulfil in accordance with EN 13120,
EN 13561 and EN 13659, respectively.
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EN 14501:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as
solar protection devices in this document.
It specifies the corresponding properties and classifications:
— relating to thermal comfort:
— the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance);
— the secondary heat transfer factor;
— the direct solar transmittance;
— relating to visual comfort:
— the darkening performance;
— the night privacy;
— the visual contact with the outside;
— the glare control;
— the daylight utilization;
— the rendering of colours.
NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters can be used.
Some of the characteristics (e.g. g ) are not applicable when solar protection devices are not parallel to the
tot
glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings).
This document is not applicable to the solar protection devices using fluorescent materials.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 410, Glass in building — Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 12216, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds — Terminology, glossary and definitions
EN ISO 52022-1, Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
components and elements — Part 1: Simplified calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics for
1
solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-1)
EN ISO 52022-3, Energy performance of buildings — Thermal, solar and daylight properties of building
components and elements — Part 3: Detailed calculation method of the solar and daylight characteristics for
2
solar protection devices combined with glazing (ISO 52022-3)
EN 14500:2021, Blinds and shutters — Thermal and visual comfort — Test methods
1
EN ISO 52022-1 supersedes EN 13363-1.
2
EN ISO 52022-3 supersedes EN 13363-2.
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12216 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1
transmittance
τ
ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1)
Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in EN 14500:2021.
3.2
reflectance
ρ
ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1)
Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in EN 14500:2021.
3.3
absorptance
α
ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1)
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SIST EN 14501:2021
EN 14501:2021 (E)
Key
1 solar protection device 4 absorbed radiation α ∙ E
2 incident radiation E 5 reflected radiation ρ ∙ E
3 transmitted radiation τ ∙ E
Figure 1 — Representation of the optical factors
3.4
openness coefficient
ratio between the area of the openings and the total area of a fabric
Note 1 to entry: For identical fabrics that differ only by the colour, the openness coefficient is considered as
independent of the colour.
Note 2 to entry: The openness coefficient is determined according to EN 14500:2021.
3.5
solar factor
total solar energy transmittance
g
ratio between the total solar energy transmitted into a room through a window and the incident solar energy
on the window
Note 1 to entry: g is the solar factor of the glazing alone; g is the solar factor of the combination of a glazing and a
tot
solar protection device.
3.6
secondary internal heat transfer factor
q
i, tot
part of the total absorbed radiation which is flowing inwards through the glazing and the combined shading
device
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3.7
colour rendering index
R
a
index designed to express synthetically a quantitative evaluation of the differences in colour between eight
test colours lit directly by the standard illuminant D and by the same illuminant transmitted through the
65
solar protection device
3.8
operative temperature
θ
op
uniform temperature of a room in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation
plus convection as in the actual non-uniform environment
Note 1 to entry: For more information on the calculation of θop, it is recommended to refer to EN ISO 13791 or
EN ISO 13792.
3.9
light exclusion system
part of the solar protection device intended to reduce peripheral light penetration
Note 1 to entry: A guiding system may qualify as a light exclusion system, but only if the curtain penetrates the guiding
channels.
3.10
cut-off angle
first angle of incidence at which the direct light transmittance is no longer perceivable
Note 1 to entry: A more detailed definition is given in EN 14500:2021.
4 Notations used
4.1 General
For the purpose of this document, the optical factors τ (transmittance), ρ (reflectance) and α (absorptance)
are labelled with subscripts which indicate:
— the visual or solar properties;
— the geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation.
4.2 Visual or solar properties
According to the respective spectrum, the following subscripts are used:
— « » solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum, (wavelengths λ from 300 nm
e
to 2 500 nm), according to EN 410;
— « » visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D weighted with the sensitivity of the
v 65
human eye (wavelengths λ from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410.
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4.3 Geometry of the radiation
The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the
transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2):
— « » for directional (fixed, but arbitrary direction θ);
dir
— « » for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is θ = 0°,
n
or θ ≤ 8° respectively;
— « » for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane);
h
— « » for diffuse.
dif
NOTE A more detailed definition is given in EN 14500:2021.
Key
1 solar protection device
2 incident directional light or solar radiation
3 transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation
4 transmitted diffuse component of light or solar radiation
Figure 2 — Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation
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4.4 Optical factors
The optical factors are designated as follows:
— τ normal/normal solar transmittance;
e, n-n
— τ normal/normal light transmittance;
v, n-n
— τ normal/diffuse light transmittance;
v, n-dif
— τ normal/hemispherical light transmittance;
v, n-h
— τ diffuse/hemispherical light transmittance.
v, dif-h
5 Thermal comfort
5.1 General
Thermal comfort is mainly governed by the operative temperature θ within the room. θ depends on the air
op op
temperature, the air velocity and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces.
Solar gains shall be controlled in order to limit the operative temperature. The classification of the total solar
energy transmittance g is given in 5.2.4.
tot
Solar protection devices influence the thermal comfort in three aspects:
— the mean operative temperature and/or the cooling loads are influenced by the solar gains which mainly
depend on the size of the windows and the total solar energy transmittance g ;
tot
— the solar protection device may cause higher local values of θ when irradiated by the sun due to higher
op
temperatures on the inner surface of the glazing or solar protection device. This effect is quantified by the
secondary internal heat transfer factor q ;
i, tot
— the solar protection device may prevent persons and surroundings in the room from being irradiated
directly. This effect is quantified by the direct-direct solar transmittance τ .
e, dir-dir
The performance classes for the thermal comfort used in the following clauses are specified in Table 1.
Table 1 — Definition of classes
Influence on thermal comfort
0 1 2 3 4
Class
very little moderate very good
little effect good effect
effect effect effect
5.2 Control of solar gains – Total solar energy transmittance gtot
5.2.1 General
The limitation of solar gains is one of the most important aspects of summer thermal comfort. It also strongly
reduces the energy consumption of cooling systems. The solar gains are directly proportional to the total solar
energy transmittance g .
tot
g depends on the glazing and the solar protection device. g may be determined using either the
tot tot
methodology given in 5.2.2 or in 5.2.3. When the glazing specifications are unknown, any one of the eight
different reference glazing given in Annex A may be used.
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The method and the glazing used for the determination of the g value shall be specified in all reported g
tot tot
values.
For a declaration of performance (independent from the installation conditions), the calculation according to
5.2.2 and the reference glazing C, specified in Annex A, shall be used. For cases not covered by 5.2.2, the method
defined in 5.2.3 shall be used, assuming that:
— for external solar protection devices, the space between the solar protection device and the glazing is
unventilated;
— summer conditions are used.
The solar factor g of glazing alone, needed for the calculation of g shall be calculated according to EN 410.
tot,
For venetian blinds, the values of the total solar factor g shall be specified for at least two positions:
tot
— the fully closed position of the slats at normal incidence;
— the slats tilted at 45° and irradiation with 30° altitude angle, 0° azimuth angle.
In the case of roller shutters with light and ventilation slots, g shall be calculated:
tot
— in the fully extended and closed position at normal incidence;
— in the fully extended and open position at normal incidence.
corr
NOTE 1 For slatted or louvered devices tilted at 45° the values τ specified in EN ISO 52022-1 can be used as the
e
direct-hemispherical solar transmittance except for mirror-finish products and under the boundary condition that there
is no direct solar transmission at the tilt angle of the slats under consideration.
NOTE 2 A direct calorimetric measurement of gtot is given by ISO 19467.
NOTE 3 For a more detailed method for the calculation of the transmittance and the reflectance of slatted devices, see
the calculation method given in EN ISO 52022-3. The view factors given in Annex D of EN ISO 52022-3:2017 are only
applicable for venetian blinds with a ratio of d/l = 1 for slat width l and slat distance d. EN 14500:2021 and ISO TR 52022-
2 provide additional view factors for other configurations.
5.2.2 Determination of g – Simplified method
tot
The simplified method to be applied for the determination of g is EN ISO 52022-1.
tot
The necessary data for the calculation are the following:
— τ solar transmittance of the solar protection device;
e
— ρ solar reflectance of the outer surface of the solar protection device;
e
— g solar factor of the glazing;
— U thermal transmittance of the glazing.
5.2.3 Determination of g – Detailed method
tot
The detailed method to be applied for the determination of g is EN ISO 52022-3.
tot
The necessary data for the calculation are the following:
— τ(λ) normal/hemispherical spectral transmittance of the solar protection device;
n-h
— ρ(λ) and ρ’(λ) normal/hemispherical spectral reflectances of the solar protection device for each
n-h n-h
side;
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— ε, ε' emissivities of the solar protection device surfaces;
— C openness coefficient as a measure for the size of the openings (fabrics only);
o
— the spectral characteristics of each pane of the glazing;
— the emissivity of each surface of each pane of the glazing;
— the thickness and nature of gas space.
In EN ISO 52022-3, two different sets of boundary conditions are specified: summer conditions and reference
(mean winter) conditions. Care should be taken to choose the correct set of boundary conditions according to
the project specifications and the national regulations.
If spectral data for ρ(λ), ρ´(λ) and τ(λ) are not available, integrated data may be used. This will reduce the
accuracy of the calculations.
5.2.4 Performance classes
The classification of g is specified in Table 2 with the classes quoted in Table 1.
tot
The method and the glazing used for the determination of the g value shall be specified for all reported
tot
classes.
Table 2 — Total solar energy transmittance g — Classification
tot
Class 0 1 2 3 4
g g ≥ 0,50 0,35 ≤ g < 0,50 0,15 ≤ g < 0,35 0,10 ≤ g < 0,15 g < 0,10
tot tot tot tot tot tot
5.3 Secondary heat gains – Secondary heat transfer factor q
i, tot
5.3.1 General
The total solar energy transmitted through a facade consists of two parts:
— radiation in the solar range, measured by the solar transmittance τ ;
e, tot
— heat (thermal radiation and convection), measured by the secondary heat transfer factor q .
i,tot
The secondary heat transfer factor q of the combination of glazing and solar protection device shall be
i, tot
calculated with the following formula:
q = g – τ
i, tot tot e, tot
q may be determined for the eight different reference glazing given in Annex A using either the methodology
i,tot
given in 5.3.2 or in 5.3.3. For general product labelling (independent from the installation conditions), the
calculation for q according to 5.3.2 and the reference glazing C, specified in Annex A, shall be used.
i,tot
value shall be specified in all reported q
The method and the glazing used for the determination of the qi,tot i,tot
values.
NOTE An example explaining the meaning of q is given in Annex B.
i, tot
5.3.2 Determination of q – Simplified method
i, tot
The direct solar transmittance τ and the total solar transmittance g of the combination of a glazing and a
e, tot tot
solar protection device shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-1.
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5.3.3 Determination of q – Detailed method
i, tot
The direct solar transmittance τe, tot and the total solar transmittance gtot of the combination of a glazing and a
solar protection device shall be calculated according to EN ISO 52022-3.
In EN ISO 52022-3, two different s
...
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