SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
(Main)Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies.
The scope of this specific Part is to standardise the:
- required inputs;
- calculation method;
- resulting outputs
for space heating generation by:
a) air heating systems, including control, and
b) overhead radiant heating systems for non-domestic use , including control.
This European Standard does not apply to air heating systems that utilise water as a heat transfer medium.
Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen - Teil 4-8: Wärmeerzeugung von Warmluft- und Strahlungsheizsystemen
Diese Europäische Norm ist Teil einer Normenreihe für Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen.
Der Anwendungsbereich des vorliegenden Teils dient zur Normung:
- der erforderlichen Eingaben bzw. Aufnahmen;
- des Berechnungsverfahrens;
- der sich ergebenden Ausgaben bzw. Abgaben
für die Wärmeerzeugung zur Raumheizung durch:
a) Warmluftsysteme, einschließlich deren Regelung, und
b) Strahlungsheizsysteme für gewerbliche und industrielle Nutzung, einschließlich deren Regelung.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Warmluftsysteme, die Wasser als Wärmeträger verwenden.
Élément introductif - Élément central - Partie 4-8 : Titre de la partie
La présente Norme européenne fait partie d’une série de normes sur la méthode de calcul des besoins
énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes.
L’objet de cette partie spécifique est de normaliser :
- les données d’entrée requises ;
- la méthode de calcul ;
- les données de sortie obtenues
pour la génération du chauffage des locaux par :
a) des systèmes de chauffage par air chaud, y compris leur régulation et
b) des systèmes de chauffage suspendus par rayonnement destinés à une utilisation non résidentielle, y
compris leur régulation.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux systèmes de chauffage par air chaud qui utilisent l’eau
comme fluide caloporteur.
Ogrevalni sistemi v stavbah - Metoda za preračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 4-8. del: Sistemi za ogrevanje prostora, ogrevanje zraka in sistemi stropnih seval
Ta evropski standard je del serije standardov o metodi za preračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema.
Namen tega konkretnega dela je standardizirati:
- potrebne vnose;
- metodo preračunavanja;
- proizvedene rezultate
za ogrevanje prostora s:
a) sistemi za ogrevanje zraka, vključno s krmiljenjem, in
b) sistemi stropnih seval za negospodinjsko rabo, vključno s krmiljenjem.
Ta evropski standard ne velja za sisteme za ogrevanje zraka, ki kot medij za prenos toplote uporabljajo vodo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen - Teil 4-8: Wärmeerzeugung von Warmluft- und StrahlungsheizsystemenÉlément introductif - Élément central - Partie 4-8 : Titre de la partieHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-4-8:2011SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011en,fr,de01-september-2011SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15316-4-8
February 2011 ICS 91.140.10 English Version
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems
Systèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-8: Systèmes de génération de chauffage des locaux, systèmes de chauffage par air chaud et par rayonnement
Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen - Teil 4-8: Wärmeerzeugung von Warmluft- und Strahlungsheizsystemen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15316-4-8:2011: ESIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51 Scope .62 Normative references .63 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .73.1 Terms and definitions .73.2 Symbols and units . 104 Principle of the method . 124.1 Heat balance of the generation sub-system, including control of heat generation . 124.1.1 Physical factors taken into account . 124.1.2 Calculation structure (input and output data) . 134.2 Thermal energy required for heat generation . 154.3 Auxiliary energy Wgen . 154.4 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable heat loss . 154.5 Calculation steps . 165 Generation system calculation . 165.1 Principle of the method . 165.2 Load factor . 185.3 Specific heat losses . 195.3.1 General . 195.3.2 Heat losses through the chimney with burner on (ααααch,on) . 195.3.3 Induced ventilation heat losses (ααααvent) . 205.3.4 Losses through the generator envelope (ααααgen,env) . 205.3.5 Pilot flame losses (ααααplt) . 215.3.6 Heat recovery from condensation (ααααcond) . 215.4 Total heat losses . 215.4.1 Burner ON losses (ααααon) . 215.4.2 Burner OFF Losses (ααααoff) . 215.5 Auxiliary energy . 225.5.1 Auxiliary energy related to time burner on . 225.5.2 Auxiliary energy of additional devices (after the burner) . 225.6 Calculation procedure . 235.6.1 Calculation procedure for on-off generators . 235.6.2 Calculation procedure for modulating or multistage generators . 23Annex A (informative)
Default values . 27A.1 Default values for (ααααch,on) . 27A.2 Default values for (ααααvent) . 28A.3 Default values for (ααααgen,env) . 29A.4 Default values for (ααααplt) . 30A.5 Default values for (ααααcond) . 30A.6 Default values for auxiliary energy . 31Annex B (informative)
Examples of use of the calculation . 32B.1 Calculation example 1 - Overhead radiant tube heating system . 32SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 3 B.2 Calculation example 2 — Overhead luminous radiant heating system . 34B.3 Calculation example 3 — Condensing air heating system . 35Bibliography . 38SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15316-4-8:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard presents methods for calculation of the additional energy requirements of a heat generation system in order to meet the building demand. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. This method can be used for the following applications: judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets; optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options; assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat generation system, by calculating the energy use with and without the energy conservation measure. The user should refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this standard. SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The scope of this specific part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs for space heating generation by: a) air heating systems, including control, and b) overhead radiant heating systems for non-domestic use , including control.
This European Standard does not apply to air heating systems that utilise water as a heat transfer medium. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 416-1, Single burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters for non-domestic use — Part 1: Safety EN 419-1, Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters — Part 1:Safety EN 621, Non-domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 300 kW, without a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or combustion products EN 777-1, Multi-burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heater systems for non-domestic use — Part 1: System D - Safety EN 777-2, Multi-burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heater systems for non-domestic use — Part 2: System E - Safety EN 777-3, Multi-burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heater systems for non domestic use — Part 3: System F - Safety EN 777-4, Multi-burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heater systems for non-domestic use — Part 4: System H - Safety EN 778, Domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 70 kW, without a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and/or combustion products EN 1020, Non-domestic forced convection gas-fired air heaters for space heating not exceeding a net heat input of 300 kW, incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air or combustion products EN 1196, Domestic and non-domestic gas-fired air heaters — Supplementary requirements for condensing air heaters EN 1319, Domestic gas-fired forced convection air heaters for space heating, with fan-assisted burners not exceeding a net heat input of 70 kW SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 7 EN 13410, Gas-fired overhead radiant heaters — Ventilation requirements for non-domestic premises
EN 15316-2-1, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems EN 15316-4-1:2008, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems (boilers) EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 13790, Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1.1 air heating system heating system composed of one or more individual forced convection air heating appliances 3.1.2 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and /or domestic water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics, etc.
NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 15316-1:2007. 3.1.3 calculation period time period over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.
[EN 15316-1:2007] 3.1.4 combustion power product of the fuel flow rate and the net caloric value of the fuel 3.1.5 condensing air heater air heater designed to make use of the latent heat released by condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products NOTE The heater will allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain. 3.1.6 energy need for heating or cooling energy to be delivered to or extracted from a conditioned space to maintain the intended temperature conditions during a given period of time SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 8 3.1.7 energy use for space heating energy input to the heating system to satisfy the energy need for heating 3.1.8 forced convection air heater appliance designed to provide space heating from a central source by distributing heated air, by means of an air moving device, either through ducting or directly into the heated space 3.1.9 flued heater heating appliance of type B or C, connected to a flue or a device for evacuating the products of combustion to the outside of the room in which the appliance is installed 3.1.10 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE 1 This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 15316-4-7:2008. 3.1.11 high-low appliance appliance capable of operating either at its nominal fuel heat input or at a fixed reduced heat input 3.1.12 heated space room or enclosure which, for the purposes of the calculation, is assumed to be heated to a given set-point temperature or set point temperatures, and whose total volume can be split up into several heating zones 3.1.13 heating system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard. 3.1.14 load factor ratio between the time the burner is on and the total time the generation system is available to supply heat as demanded by system controls 3.1.15 modes of operation various modes in which the heating system can operate (set-point mode, cut-off mode, reduced mode, set-back mode, boost mode) [EN 15316-4-7:2008] 3.1.16 modulating appliance appliance capable of varying its heat input in a continuous manner between the nominal fuel heat input and a minimum value, whilst maintaining continuous burner firing SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 9 3.1.17 multi-burner overhead radiant tube system radiant tube heater system which employs two or more burner units with each unit incorporating independent flame monitoring NOTE The units may be located in one or more sections of tubing. One or more fans may be used to assist in the evacuation of products of combustion or the supply of combustion air. 3.1.18 net calorific value gross calorific value minus condensation latent heat of the water vapour in the products of combustion at ambient temperature 3.1.19 on/off appliance appliance without the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing NOTE This includes appliances with alternative burning rates set once only at the time of installation, referred to as range rating. 3.1.20 overhead radiant heating system heating system composed of one or more individual overhead radiant heating appliances 3.1.21 overhead radiant luminous heater appliance intended for installation at a height above head level which is designed to heat the space beneath by radiation and in which the heat is produced by means of burning the fuel at or near the outer surface of a material such as a ceramic plaque or gauze, or by means of an atmospheric burner heating a gauze or similar material 3.1.22 overhead radiant tube heater appliance intended for installation above head level which is designed to heat the space beneath by radiation by means of a tube or tubes, heated by the internal passage of combustion products 3.1.23 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system NOTE Adapted from EN 15316-4-1:2008. 3.1.24 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system NOTE Adapted from EN 15316-4-1:2008. 3.1.25 space heating process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.26 thermal zone part of the heated space with a given set-point temperature, throughout which the internal temperature is assumed to have negligible spatial variation SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 10 3.1.27 total heating system thermal loss total of the heating system thermal losses, including recoverable thermal losses 3.1.28 type A appliance appliance not intended for connection to a flue or to a device for evacuation the products of combustion directly to the outside of the room in which the appliance is installed 3.1.29 unflued heater heating appliance of type A, not connected to a flue 3.1.30 ventilation process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from a space 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply: SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 11 Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit α heat loss factor – β load factor, power factor – Φ heat flow rate, thermal power kW θ Celsius temperature °C η efficiency factor – cp specific heat capacity kWh/m3K c specific mass, specific factor kg/kW or - % E energy in general, including primary energy, except heat, work and auxiliary electric energy kWh f conversion factor, correction factor – H parameter height of building m k factor, Part of recoverable auxiliary energy, Part of envelope losses – K burner multistage or modulation ratio – n exponent – P power in general, including electrical (auxiliary) power kW Q quantity of heat kWh t time, period of time h T thermodynamic temperature K W electrical (auxiliary) energy kWh y electrical (auxiliary) energy rate as percentage of nominal heat input –
SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 12 Table 2 — Indices air air fin final plt pilot flame amb ambient fg flue gas P0 power at zero load avg average gen generation Pn power at nominal load aux auxiliary gn gains Px power at x load
blw blower H heating r return br burner in input to system rad radiant ctr control int internal ref reference ch chimney j indices rvd recovered cmb combustion ls loss rbl recoverable cond condensation
corr corrected mass mass, specific weight sto storage
max maximum
dis distribution min minimal t total DHW domestic hot water mod modulating test test conditions
nom nominal th thermal e external nrbl non recoverable w heating system water el electrical nrvd non recovered
env envelope off off x indices em emission on on z indices exh exiting the building out output from system
4 Principle of the method 4.1 Heat balance of the generation sub-system, including control of heat generation 4.1.1 Physical factors taken into account The calculation method of the heat generation sub-system takes into account: heat demand of the heat distribution sub-system or heat emission sub-system; NOTE Heating systems with radiant luminous and radiant tube heaters as well as warm air heaters located inside the heated space include sub-system heat generation and heat emission in one appliance; in this case, a separate heat distribution sub-system does not exist, distribution losses are zero. and the heat losses and/or recovery due to the following physical factors: heat losses to the chimney (or flue gas exhaust) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); heat losses through the generator(s) envelope during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 13 heat losses due to air exchange required for flue gas evacuation (in case of type A appliances) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); auxiliary energy. The relevance of these effects on the energy requirements depends on:
type of heat generator(s); location of heat generator(s); part load ratio; operation conditions (temperature, control, etc.); control strategy (on/off, high-low, modulating, etc.). 4.1.2 Calculation structure (input and output data) The calculation method of this standard requires input data from other parts of the EN 15316 standards series: heat demand of the heat distribution sub-system(s) ΣQH,dis,in, calculated according to EN 15316-2-3
or alternatively: heat demand of the heat emission and control sub-system(s) ΣQH,em,in, calculated according to EN 15316-2-1. The performance of the generation sub-system may be characterised by additional input data to take into account: type and characteristics of the generation sub-system; generator settings; type of the generation control system; location of the generator; operating conditions; heat requirement. Based on these data, the following output data are calculated by this standard: fuel heat requirement, EH,gen,in; total generation heat losses, QH,gen,ls; recoverable generation heat losses, QH,gen,ls,rbl; generation auxiliary energy consumption, WH,gen,aux. SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 14 Figure 1 shows the calculation inputs and outputs of the generation sub-system.
Key SUB Generation subsystem balance boundary HF Heating fluid balance boundary (see Equation (1)) QH,gen,out Generation subsystem heat output (input to distribution subsystem(s)) EH,gen,in Generation subsystem fuel input (energyware) WH,gen,aux Generation subsystem total auxiliary energy QH,gen,aux,rvd Generation subsystem recovered auxiliary energy QH,gen,ls Generation subsystem total thermal heat losses QH,gen,ls,rbl Generation subsystem recoverable heat QH,gen,rbl,th Generation subsystem recoverable thermal losses QH,gen,rbl,aux Generation subsystem recoverable auxiliary energy QH,gen,nrbl,th Generation subsystem non recoverable thermal losses QH,gen,nrbl,aux Generation subsystem non recoverable auxiliary energy
NOTE Figures shown are sample percentages. Figure 1 — Generation sub-system inputs, outputs and energy balance SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 15 4.2 Thermal energy required for heat generation The basic energy balance of the generation sub-system is given by: EH,gen,in = QH,gen out − QH,gen aux,rvd + QH,gen ls (1) where EH,gen,in is the heat requirement of the generation sub-system (fuel input); QH,gen out is the heat supplied to the distribution or emission sub-systems (space heating); QH,gen aux,rvd is the auxiliary energy recovered by the generation sub-system (i.e. burner fan, valve, burner control, etc.); QH,gen ls is the total losses of the generation sub-system (through the chimney, generator envelope, etc.). NOTE QH,gen ls takes into account flue gas and generator envelope losses, part of which may be recoverable according to location. 4.3 Auxiliary energy Wgen Auxiliary energy is the energy, other than fuel, required for operation of the burner, the burner fan and any equipment whose operation is related to operation of the heat generation sub-system. Auxiliary energy is counted in the generation part as long as no transport energy from the auxiliary equipment is transferred to the distribution sub-system (example: zero-pressure distribution array). Such auxiliary equipment can be (but need not be) an integral part of the generator. For some heating appliances (radiant luminous and radiant tube heaters, warm air heaters, directly fired and located inside the heated space) heat generation sub-system and heat emission sub-system are included in one appliance. Auxiliary energy of these appliances has to be calculated only in this European Standard. For information part of the auxiliary energy data of these appliances is also listed in EN 15316-2-1, but shall not be accounted as an additional energy requirement there. Auxiliary energy, normally in the form of electrical energy, may partially be recovered as heat for space heating or for the generation sub-system. EXAMPLE 1 Examples of recoverable auxiliary energy: part of the electrical energy for the burner fan, valve, control. EXAMPLE 2 Example of non-recoverable auxiliary energy: electrical energy for electric panel auxiliary circuits, if the generator is installed outside the heated space. 4.4 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable heat loss Not all of the calculated system heat losses are lost. Some of the losses are recoverable and part of the recoverable system heat losses are actually recovered. The generation losses recovered by the generation sub-system are directly taken into account in the generation performance (e.g. combustion air preheating by flue gas losses). The part of the recovered system heat losses for space heating depends on the location of the generator and the utilisation factor (gain/loss ratio, see EN ISO 13790). EXAMPLE 1 Example of recoverable heat losses: heat losses through the envelope of a generator installed within the heated space. SIST EN 15316-4-8:2011
EN 15316-4-8:2011 (E) 16 EXAMPLE 2 Examples of non-recoverable heat losses: heat losses through the envelope of a generator installed outside the heated space; heat losses through the chimney. 4.5 Calculation steps The objective of the calculation is to determine the energy input of the heating generation sub-system for the entire calculation period (usually one year). This may be done in one of the following two different ways: by using avera
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen - Teil 4-8: Wärmeerzeugung von Warmluft- und StrahlungsheizsystemenHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 15316-4-8kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010en,fr,de01-september-2010kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 15316-4-8
July 2010 ICS 91.140.10 English Version
Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating and overhead radiant heating systems
Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Endenergiebedarfs und des Nutzungsgrades von Anlagen - Teil 4-8: Wärmeerzeugung von Warmluft- und Strahlungsheizsystemen This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 228.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 15316-4-8:2010: EkSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41 Scope .52 Normative references .53 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .53.1 Terms and definitions .53.2 Symbols and units .84 Principle of the method . 104.1 Heat balance of the generation sub-system, including control of heat generation . 104.1.1 Physical factors taken into account . 104.1.2 Calculation structure (input and output data) . 114.2 Thermal energy required for heat generation . 134.3 Auxiliary energy Wgen . 134.4 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable heat loss . 134.5 Calculation steps . 145 Generation system calculation . 145.1 Principle of the method . 145.2 Load factor . 165.3 Specific heat losses . 175.3.1 General . 175.3.2 Heat losses through the chimney with burner on (ααααch,on) . 175.3.3 Induced ventilation heat losses (ααααvent) . 185.3.4 Losses through the generator envelope (ααααgen,env) . 195.3.5 Pilot flame losses (ααααplt) . 195.3.6 Heat recovery from condensation (ααααcond) . 195.4 Total heat losses . 205.4.1 Burner ON losses (ααααON) . 205.4.2 Burner OFF Losses (ααααOFF). 205.5 Auxiliary energy . 205.5.1 Auxiliary energy related to time burner on . 205.5.2 Auxiliary energy of additional devices (after the burner) . 215.6 Calculation procedure . 215.6.1 Calculation procedure for on-off generators . 215.6.2 Calculation procedure for modulating or multistage generators . 22Annex A (informative)
Default values . 26A.1 Default values for (ααααch,on) . 26A.2 Default values for (ααααvent) . 28A.3 Default values for (ααααgen,env) . 29A.4 Default values for (ααααplt) . 30A.5 Default values for (ααααcond) . 30A.6 Default values for auxiliary energy . 30Annex B (informative)
Examples of use of the calculation . 31B.1 Calculation example 1 - Overhead radiant tube heating system . 31B.2 Calculation example 2 — Overhead luminous radiant heating system . 33B.3 Calculation example 3 — Condensing air heating system . 34Bibliography . 37kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN 15316-4-8:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228 “Heating Systems in Buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DS. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This standard presents methods for calculation of the additional energy requirements of a heat generation system in order to meet the building demand. The calculation is based on the performance characteristics of the products given in product standards and on other characteristics required to evaluate the performance of the products as included in the system. This method can be used for the following applications: judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets; optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat generation system, by applying the method to several possible options; assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat generation system, by calculating the energy use with and without the energy conservation measure. The user shall refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this standard. kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies. The scope of this specific Part is to standardise the: required inputs; calculation method; resulting outputs for space heating generation by: a) air heating systems, including control, and b) overhead radiant heating systems for non-domestic use , including control.
This European Standard does not apply to air heating systems that utilise water as a heat transfer medium. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13410, Gas-fired overhead radiant heaters — Ventilation requirements for non domestic premises
EN 15316-2-1, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-1: Space heating emission systems EN 15316-2-3, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2-3: Space heating distribution systems EN 15316-4-1, Heating systems in building — Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion systems EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987) EN ISO 13790, Thermal performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1.1 air heating system heating system composed of one or more individual forced convection air heating appliances kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 6 3.1.2 auxiliary energy electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and /or domestic water to support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs NOTE This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics, etc.
3.1.3 calculation period time period over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.
3.1.4 combustion power product of the fuel flow rate and the net caloric value of the fuel 3.1.5 condensing air heater air heater designed to make use of the latent heat released by condensation of water vapour in the combustion flue products NOTE The heater will allow the condensate to leave the heat exchanger in liquid form by way of a condensate drain. 3.1.6 energy need for heating or cooling energy to be delivered to or extracted from a conditioned space to maintain the intended temperature conditions during a given period of time 3.1.7 energy use for space heating energy input to the heating system to satisfy the energy need for heating 3.1.8 forced convection air heater appliance designed to provide space heating from a central source by distributing heated air, by means of an air moving device, either through ducting or directly into the heated space 3.1.9 flued heater heating appliance of type B or C, connected to a flue or a device for evacuating the products of combustion to the outside of the room in which the appliance is installed 3.1.10 gross calorific value quantity of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen at a constant pressure equal to 101 320 Pa, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature NOTE This quantity includes the latent heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. 3.1.11 high-low appliance appliance capable of operating either at its nominal fuel heat input or at a fixed reduced heat input 3.1.12 heated space room or enclosure which for the purposes of the calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-point temperature or set point temperatures, total volume of the room can be split up into several heating zones kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 7 3.1.13 heating system thermal loss thermal loss from a technical building system for heating that does not contribute to the useful output of the system NOTE Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat recovery and directly treated in the related system standard. 3.1.14 load factor ratio between the time the burner is on and the total time the generation system is available to supply heat as demanded by system controls 3.1.15 modes of operation various modes in which the heating system can operate (set-point mode, cut-off mode, reduced mode, set-back mode, boost mode) 3.1.16 modulating appliance appliance capable of varying its heat input in a continuous manner between the nominal fuel heat input and a minimum value, whilst maintaining continuous burner firing 3.1.17 multi-burner overhead radiant tube system radiant tube heater system which employs two or more burner units with each unit incorporating independent flame monitoring NOTE The units may be located in one or more sections of tubing. One or more fans may be used to assist in the evacuation of products of combustion or the supply of combustion air. 3.1.18 net calorific value gross calorific value minus condensation latent heat of the water vapour in the products of combustion at ambient temperature 3.1.19 on/off appliance appliance without the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing NOTE This includes appliances with alternative burning rates set once only at the time of installation, referred to as range rating. 3.1.20 overhead radiant heating system heating system composed of one or more individual overhead radiant heating appliances 3.1.21 overhead radiant luminous heater appliance intended for installation at a height above head level which is designed to heat the space beneath by radiation and in which the heat is produced by means of burning the fuel at or near the outer surface of a material such as a ceramic plaque or gauze, or by means of an atmospheric burner heating a gauze or similar material 3.1.22 overhead radiant tube heater appliance intended for installation above head level which is designed to heat the space beneath by radiation by means of a tube or tubes, heated by the internal passage of combustion products kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 8 3.1.23 recoverable system thermal loss part of a system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.24 recovered system thermal loss part of the recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system 3.1.25 space heating process of heat supply for thermal comfort 3.1.26 thermal zone part of the heated space with a given set-point temperature, throughout which the internal temperature is assumed to have negligible spatial variation 3.1.27 total heating system thermal loss total of the heating system thermal losses, including recoverable thermal losses 3.1.28 type A appliance appliance not intended for connection to a flue or to a device for evacuation the products of combustion directly to the outside of the room in which the appliance is installed 3.1.29 unflued heater heating appliance of type A, not connected to a flue 3.1.30 ventilation process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from a space 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units (Table 1) and indices (Table 2) apply: kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 9 Table 1 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit α heat loss factor % β load factor, power factor – Φ heat flow rate, thermal power kW θ Celsius temperature °C η efficiency factor – cp specific heat capacity kWh/m3K c specific mass, specific factor kg/kW or - % E energy in general, including primary energy, except heat, work and auxiliary electric energy kWh f conversion factor, correction factor – H parameter height of building m k factor, Part of recoverable auxiliary energy, Part of envelope losses – K burner multistage or modulation ratio – n exponent
P power in general, including electrical (auxiliary) power kW Q quantity of heat kWh t time, period of time h T thermodynamic temperature K W electrical (auxiliary) energy kWh y electrical (auxiliary) energy rate as percentage of nominal heat input %
kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 10 Table 2 — Indices air air fin final plt pilot flame amb ambient fg flue gas P0 power at zero load avg average gen generation Pn power at nominal load aux auxiliary gn gains Px power at x load
b/w blower H heating r return br burner in input to system rad radiant ctr control int internal ref reference ch chimney j indices rvd recovered cmb combustion ls loss rbl recoverable cond condensation
corr corrected mass mass, specific weight sto storage
max maximum
dis distribution min minimal t total DHW domestic hot water mod modulating test test conditions
nom nominal th thermal e external nrbl non recoverable w heating system water el electrical nrvd non recovered
env envelope off off x indices em emission on on z indices exh exiting the building out output from system
4 Principle of the method 4.1 Heat balance of the generation sub-system, including control of heat generation 4.1.1 Physical factors taken into account The calculation method of the heat generation sub-system takes into account: heat demand of the heat distribution sub-system or heat emission sub-system; NOTE Heating systems with radiant luminous and radiant tube heaters as well as warm air heaters located inside the heated space include sub-system heat generation and heat emission in one appliance; in this case, a separate heat distribution sub-system does not exist, distribution losses are zero). and the heat losses and/or recovery due to the following physical factors: heat losses to the chimney (or flue gas exhaust) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 11 heat losses through the generator(s) envelope during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); heat losses due to air exchange required for flue gas evacuation (in case of type A appliances) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); auxiliary energy. The relevance of these effects on the energy requirements depends on: type of heat generator(s); location of heat generator(s); part load ratio; operation conditions (temperature, control, etc.); control strategy (on/off, high-low, modulating, etc.). 4.1.2 Calculation structure (input and output data) The calculation method of this standard requires input data from other parts of the EN 15316 standards series: heat demand of the heat distribution sub-system(s) ΣQH,dis,in, calculated according to EN 15316-2-3
or alternatively heat demand of the heat emission and control sub-system(s) ΣQH,em,in, calculated according to EN 15316-2-1 The performance of the generation sub-system may be characterised by additional input data to take into account: type and characteristics of the generation sub-system; generator settings; type of the generation control system; location of the generator; operating conditions; heat requirement. Based on these data, the following output data are calculated by this standard: fuel heat requirement, EH,gen,in; total generation heat losses, QH,gen,ls; recoverable generation heat losses, QH,gen,ls,rbl; generation auxiliary energy consumption, WH,gen,aux. kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 12 Figure 1 shows the calculation inputs and outputs of the generation sub-system.
Key SUB Generation subsystem balance boundary HF Heating fluid balance boundary (see Equation (1)) QH,gen,out Generation subsystem heat output (input to distribution subsystem(s)) EH,gen,in Generation subsystem fuel input (energyware) WH,gen,aux Generation subsystem total auxiliary energy QH,gen,aux,rvd Generation subsystem recovered auxiliary energy QH,gen,ls Generation subsystem total thermal heat losses QH,gen,ls,rbl Generation subsystem recoverable heat QH,gen,rbl,th Generation subsystem recoverable thermal losses QH,gen,rbl,aux Generation subsystem recoverable auxiliary energy QH,gen,nrbl,th Generation subsystem non recoverable thermal losses QH,gen,nrbl,aux Generation subsystem non recoverable auxiliary energy NOTE Figures shown are sample percentages. Figure 1 — Generation sub-system inputs, outputs and energy balance kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 13 4.2 Thermal energy required for heat generation The basic energy balance of the generation sub-system is given by EH,gen,in = QH,gen out − QH,gen aux,rvd + QH,gen ls (1) where EH,gen,in heat requirement of the generation sub-system (fuel input); QH,gen out heat supplied to the distribution or emission sub-systems (space heating); QH,gen aux,rvd auxiliary energy recovered by the generation sub-system (i.e. burner fan, valve, burner control, etc.); QH,gen ls total losses of the generation sub-system (through the chimney, generator envelope, etc.). NOTE QH,gen ls takes into account flue gas and generator envelope losses, Part of which may be recoverable according to location. 4.3 Auxiliary energy Wgen Auxiliary energy is the energy, other than fuel, required for operation of the burner, the burner fan and any equipment whose operation is related to operation of the heat generation sub-system. Auxiliary energy is counted in the generation Part as long as no transport energy from the auxiliary equipment is transferred to the distribution sub-system (example: zero–pressure distribution array). Such auxiliary equipment can be (but need not be) an integral part of the generator. For some heating appliances (radiant luminous and radiant tube heaters, warm air heaters, directly fired and located inside the heated space) heat generation sub-system and heat emission sub-system are included in one appliance. Auxiliary energy of these appliances has to be calculated only in this European Standard. For information part of the auxiliary energy data of these appliances is also listed in EN 15316-2-1, but shall not be accounted as an additional energy requirement there. Auxiliary energy, normally in the form of electrical energy, may partially be recovered as heat for space heating or for the generation sub-system. Examples of recoverable auxiliary energy: part of the electrical energy for the burner fan, valve, control. Example of non-recoverable auxiliary energy: electrical energy for electric panel auxiliary circuits, if the generator is installed outside the heated space. 4.4 Recoverable, recovered and unrecoverable heat loss Not all of the calculated system heat losses are lost. Some of the losses are recoverable and part of the recoverable system heat losses are actually recovered. The generation losses recovered by the generation sub-system are directly taken into account in the generation performance (e.g. combustion air preheating by flue gas losses). The part of the recovered system heat losses for space heating depends on the location of the generator and the utilisation factor (gain/loss ratio, see EN ISO 13790). Example of recoverable heat losses: heat losses through the envelope of a generator installed within the heated space. kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 14 Example of non-recoverable heat losses: heat losses through the envelope of a generator installed outside the heated space; heat losses through the chimney. 4.5 Calculation steps The objective of the calculation is to determine the energy input of the heating generation sub-system for the entire calculation period (usually one year). This may be done in one of the following two different ways: by using average (usually yearly) data for the entire calculation period; by dividing the calculation period into a number of calculation steps (e.g. months, weeks, bins, operation modes as defined in EN ISO 13790) and perform the calculations for each step using step-dependent values and adding up the results for all the steps over the calculation period. NOTE Generation efficiency is strongly dependent on the load factor and this relationship is not linear. To achieve a good precision, the calculation steps should not be longer than 1 month. 5 Generation system calculation 5.1 Principle of the method This calculation method is based on the following principles. The operation time of the generator (total time the generator system is available to supply heat as demanded by the temperature control) is divided in two parts: The total time of operation of the generator is tgen = tON + tOFF. where tgen total time of generator operation (available to supply heat as demanded by the control) tON time with the burner on (fuel valve open, pre- and post-ventilation are not considered) tOFF time with the burner off Heat losses are taken into account separately for these two periods of time. Where applicable, the following heat losses are taken into account during burner on operation only: heat of flue gas with burner on: Qch,on; heat losses due to ventilation finalised to exhaust flue gases Qvent,on (type A appliances) heat losses through the generator envelope: Qgen,env,on Where applicable, the following heat losses are taken into account during burner off time only:
heat of air flow to the chimney Qch,off; heat losses by a permanent pilot burner operation Qplt,off. kSIST FprEN 15316-4-8:2010
FprEN 15316-4-8:2010 (E) 15 Auxiliary energy is considered separately for devices that are directly related to the combustion function (tON) and possible additional devices (i.e. system blowers or recirculation blowers) that are related to the entire operation time tgen. Wbr is the auxiliary energy required by components and devices directly related to the combustion function (typically. burner fan, burner control and fuel valve, main blower) NOTE 1 these components and devices are running only when the burner is on, i.e. during tON Wblw is the auxiliary energy required by additional components and devices that are after the combustion chamber following the energy path (e.g. recirculation blower of large tube heaters) NOTE 2 these components and devices are running during the entire operation period of the heat generator, i.e. during tgen = tON + tOFF kblw and kbr express the fractions of the auxiliary energy for these appliances recovered to the heating medium. Therefore: Qbr = kbr ⋅ Wbr is the auxiliary energy recovered from appliances directly related to the combustion function;
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.