SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
(Main)Wind power generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurement of electricity producing wind turbines (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Wind power generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurement of electricity producing wind turbines (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
This part of IEC 61400 specifies a procedure for measuring the power performance
characteristics of a single wind turbine and applies to the testing of wind turbines of all types
and sizes connected to the electrical power network. In addition, this standard describes a
procedure to be used to determine the power performance characteristics of small wind
turbines (as defined in IEC 61400-2) when connected to either the electric power network or a
battery bank. The procedure can be used for performance evaluation of specific wind turbines
at specific locations, but equally the methodology can be used to make generic comparisons
between different wind turbine models or different wind turbine settings when site-specific
conditions and data filtering influences are taken into account.
The wind turbine power performance characteristics are determined by the measured power
curve and the estimated annual energy production (AEP). The measured power curve, defined
as the relationship between the wind speed and the wind turbine power output, is determined
by collecting simultaneous measurements of meteorological variables (including wind speed),
as well as wind turbine signals (including power output) at the test site for a period that is long
enough to establish a statistically significant database over a range of wind speeds and under
varying wind and atmospheric conditions. The AEP is calculated by applying the measured
power curve to reference wind speed frequency distributions, assuming 100 % availability.
This document describes a measurement methodology that requires the measured power
curve and derived energy production figures to be supplemented by an assessment of
uncertainty sources and their combined effects.
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 12-1: Messung des Leistungsverhaltens einer Windenergieanlage (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éoliennes - Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de production d'électricité (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Vetrne turbine - 12-1. del: Preskušanje zmogljivosti vetrnih turbin za proizvodnjo električne energije (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Ta del standarda IEC 61400 določa postopek za merjenje elektroenergetskih zmogljivosti posamezne vetrne turbine in se uporablja za preskušanje turbin vseh vrst in velikosti, ki so priključene na električno omrežje. Poleg tega ta standard opisuje postopek, ki se uporablja za določanje elektroenergetske zmogljivosti majhnih vetrnih turbin (kot določa standard IEC 61400-2), kadar so priključene na električno omrežje ali akumulatorje. Postopek se lahko uporabi za vrednotenje zmogljivosti določenih vetrnih turbin na določenih lokacijah, vendar se lahko metodologija prav tako uporabi za splošne primerjave med različnimi modeli ali nastavitvami vetrnih turbin., kadar se upoštevajo pogoji glede na lokacijo in vplivi filtriranja podatkov.
Elektroenergetsko zmogljivost vetrnih turbin določata izmerjena krivulja električne energije in ocenjena letna proizvodnja energije (AEP). Izmerjena krivulja električne energije, opredeljena kor razmerje med hitrostjo vetra in izhodno močjo vetrne turbine, se določi z zbiranjem istočasnih meritev meteoroloških spremenljivk (vključno s hitrostjo vetra) in signalov vetrne turbine (vključno z izhodno močjo) na mestu preskušanja v obdobju, ki je dovolj dolgo, da se ustvari statistično pomembna zbirka podatkov pri različnih hitrostih vetra in pri različnih vetrnih in atmosferskih pogojih. AEP se izračuna z uporabo izmerjene krivulje električne energije pri referenčnih porazdelitvah frekvence hitrosti vetra, pri čemer se predvideva 100-odstotna razpoložljivost.
Ta dokument opisuje merilno metodologijo, pri kateri je treba vrednosti izmerjene krivulje električne energije in pridobljene proizvodnje energije nadomestiti z oceno virov netočnosti in njihovimi skupnimi vplivi.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
01-september-2017
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2006
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Wind power generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance measurement of
electricity producing wind turbines (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Windenergieanlagen - Teil 12-1: Messung des Leistungsverhaltens einer
Windenergieanlage (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éoliennes - Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de
puissance des éoliennes de production d'électricité (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61400-12-1:2017
ICS:
27.180 Vetrne elektrarne Wind turbine energy systems
SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-12-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2017
ICS 27.180 Supersedes EN 61400-12-1:2006
English Version
Wind power generation systems - Part 12-1: Power performance
measurement of electricity producing wind turbines
(IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne - Partie 12-1: Windenergieanlagen - Teil 12-1: Messung des
Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de Leistungsverhaltens einer Windenergieanlage
production d'électricité (IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
(IEC 61400-12-1:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2017-04-07. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-12-1:2017 E
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
EN 61400-12-1:2017
European foreword
The text of document 88/610/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61400-12-1, prepared by IEC TC 88 "Wind
turbines" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-12-
1:2017.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2018-01-07
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2020-04-07
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61400-12-1:2006.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-12-1:2017 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 61400-1:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-1:2005.
IEC 61400-1:2005/AMD1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-1:2005/A1:2010.
IEC 61400-2:2013 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-2:2013.
IEC 61400-12-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61400-12-2.
2
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
EN 61400-12-1:2017
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60688 2012 Electrical measuring transducers for EN 60688 2013
converting A.C. and D.C. electrical
quantities to analogue or digital signals
IEC 61400-12-2 2013 Wind turbines -- Part 12-2: Power EN 61400-12-2 2013
performance of electricity producing wind
turbines based on nacelle anemometry
IEC 61869-1 (mod) 2007 Instrument transformers -- Part 1: General EN 61869-1 2009
requirements
IEC 61869-2 2012 Instrument transformers -- Part 2: Additional EN 61869-2 2012
requirements for current transformers
IEC 61869-3 2011 Instrument transformers -- Part 3: Additional EN 61869-3 2011
requirements for inductive voltage
transformers
ISO 2533 1975 Standard Atmosphere - -
ISO 3966 2008 Measurement of fluid flow in closed - -
conduits_- Velocity area method using Pitot
static tubes
ISO/IEC 17025 2005 General requirements for the competence of EN ISO/IEC 17025 2005
testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC 17043 2010 Conformity assessment - General EN ISO/IEC 17043 2010
requirements for proficiency testing
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide - -
to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
3
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
IEC 61400-12-1
®
Edition 2.0 2017-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind
turbines
Systèmes de génération d'énergie éolienne –
Partie 12-1: Mesures de performance de puissance des éoliennes de production
d'électricité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3823-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 61400-12-1:2017
– 2 – IEC 61400-12-1:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 13
INTRODUCTION . 15
1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms and definitions . 17
4 Symbols and units . 20
5 Power performance method overview . 23
6 Preparation for performance test . 27
6.1 General . 27
6.2 Wind turbine and electrical connection . 27
6.3 Test site . 27
6.3.1 General . 27
6.3.2 Location of the wind measurement equipment . 27
6.3.3 Measurement sector . 28
6.3.4 Correction factors and uncertainty due to flow distortion originating from
topography . 28
7 Test equipment . 29
7.1 Electric power . 29
7.2 Wind speed . 29
7.2.1 General . 29
7.2.2 General requirements for meteorological mast mounted anemometers . 30
7.2.3 Top-mounted anemometers . 31
7.2.4 Side-mounted anemometers . 31
7.2.5 Remote sensing device (RSD) . 31
7.2.6 Rotor equivalent wind speed measurement . 32
7.2.7 Hub height wind speed measurement . 32
7.2.8 Wind shear measurements . 32
7.3 Wind direction . 34
7.4 Air density. 34
7.5 Rotational speed and pitch angle . 35
7.6 Blade condition . 35
7.7 Wind turbine control system . 35
7.8 Data acquisition system . 35
8 Measurement procedure . 35
8.1 General . 35
8.2 Wind turbine operation . 35
8.3 Data collection . 36
8.4 Data rejection . 36
8.5 Database . 37
9 Derived results . 37
9.1 Data normalisation . 37
9.1.1 General . 37
9.1.2 Correction for meteorological mast flow distortion of side-mounted
anemometer . 38
9.1.3 Wind shear correction (when REWS measurements available) . 38
9.1.4 Wind veer correction . 41
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9.1.5 Air density normalisation. 41
9.1.6 Turbulence normalisation . 42
9.2 Determination of the measured power curve . 42
9.3 Annual energy production (AEP) . 43
9.4 Power coefficient . 45
10 Reporting format . 45
Annex A (normative) Assessment of influences caused by wind turbines and obstacles
at the test site . 52
A.1 General . 52
A.2 Requirements regarding neighbouring and operating wind turbines . 52
A.3 Requirements regarding obstacles . 53
A.4 Method for calculation of sectors to exclude . 53
A.5 Special requirements for extended obstacles . 57
Annex B (normative) Assessment of terrain at the test site . 58
Annex C (normative) Site calibration procedure . 61
C.1 General . 61
C.2 Overview of the procedure . 61
C.3 Test set-up . 63
C.3.1 Considerations for selection of the test wind turbine and location of the
meteorological mast. 63
C.3.2 Instrumentation . 65
C.4 Data acquisition and rejection criteria . 65
C.5 Analysis . 66
C.5.1 Assessment of site shear conditions . 66
C.5.2 Method 1: Bins of wind direction and wind shear . 68
C.5.3 Method 2: Linear regression method where shear is not a significant
influence . 69
C.5.4 Additional calculations . 69
C.6 Site calibration uncertainty . 70
C.6.1 Site calibration category A uncertainty . 70
C.6.2 Site calibration category B uncertainty . 72
C.6.3 Combined uncertainty . 72
C.7 Quality checks and additional uncertainties . 72
C.7.1 Convergence check . 72
C.7.2 Correlation check for linear regression (see C.5.3) . 73
C.7.3 Change in correction between adjacent wind direction bins . 73
C.7.4 Removal of the wind direction sensor between site calibration and
power performance test . 73
C.7.5 Site calibration and power performance measurements in different
seasons . 74
C.8 Verification of results . 75
C.9 Site calibration examples . 76
C.9.1 Example A . 76
C.9.2 Example B . 81
C.9.3 Example C . 88
Annex D (normative) Evaluation of uncertainty in measurement . 91
Annex E (informative) Theoretical basis for determining the uncertainty of
measurement using the method of bins . 94
E.1 General . 94
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E.2 Combining uncertainties . 94
E.2.1 General . 94
E.2.2 Expanded uncertainty . 96
E.2.3 Basis for the uncertainty assessment . 97
E.3 Category A uncertainties . 100
E.3.1 General . 100
E.3.2 Category A uncertainty in electric power . 100
E.3.3 Category A uncertainties in the site calibration . 101
E.4 Category B uncertainties: Introduction and data acquisition system . 101
E.4.1 Category B uncertainties: Introduction . 101
E.4.2 Category B uncertainties: data acquisition system . 102
E.5 Category B uncertainties: Power output . 102
E.5.1 General . 102
E.5.2 Category B uncertainties: Power output – Current transformers . 102
E.5.3 Category B uncertainties: Power output – Voltage transformers . 103
E.5.4 Category B uncertainties: Power Output – Power transducer or other
power measurement device . 104
E.5.5 Category B uncertainties: Power output – Data acquisition . 104
E.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Introduction and sensors . 104
E.6.1 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Introduction . 104
E.6.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Hardware . 104
E.6.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Meteorological mast mounted
sensors. 105
E.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD . 108
E.7.1 General . 108
E.7.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – Calibration . 108
E.7.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – in-situ check . 108
E.7.4 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – Classification . 108
E.7.5 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – Mounting . 110
E.7.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – Flow variation . 110
E.7.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – RSD – Monitoring test . 111
E.8 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – REWS . 112
E.8.1 General . 112
E.8.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – REWS – Wind speed
measurement over whole rotor . 112
E.8.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – REWS – Wind veer . 113
E.9 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain . 113
E.9.1 General . 113
E.9.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Pre-calibration . 114
E.9.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Post-calibration . 114
E.9.4 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Classification . 115
E.9.5 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Mounting . 116
E.9.6 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Lightning finial . 116
E.9.7 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Data acquisition . 117
E.9.8 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Change in correction
between adjacent bins . 117
E.9.9 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Removal of WD
sensor . 117
E.9.10 Category B uncertainties: Wind speed – Terrain – Seasonal variation . 117
E.10 Category B uncertainties: Air density . 118
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E.10.1 General . 118
E.10.2 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Temperature introduction . 118
E.10.3 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Temperature – Calibration . 119
E.10.4 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Temperature – Radiation
shielding . 119
E.10.5 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Temperature – Mounting . 119
E.10.6 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Temperature – Data acquisition. 119
E.10.7 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Pressure introduction . 120
E.10.8 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Pressure – Calibration . 120
E.10.9 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Pressure – Mounting . 121
E.10.10 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Pressure – Data acquisition . 121
E.10.11 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Relative humidity introduction . 121
E.10.12 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Relative humidity – Calibration . 122
E.10.13 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Relative humidity – Mounting . 122
E.10.14 Category B uncertainties: Air Density – Relative humidity – Data
acquisition . 122
E.10.15 Category B uncertainties: Air density – Correction . 122
E.11 Category B uncertainties: Method . 123
E.11.1 General . 123
E.11.2 Category B uncertainties: Method – Wind conditions . 123
E.11.3 Category B uncertainties: Method – Seasonal effects . 128
E.11.4 Category B uncertainties: Method – Turbulence normalisation (or the
lack thereof) . 129
E.11.5 Category B uncertainties: Method – Cold climate . 129
E.12 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction . 130
E.12.1 General . 130
E.12.2 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction – Vane or sonic . 130
E.12.3 Category B uncertainties: Wind direction – RSD . 132
E.13 Combining uncertainties . 133
E.13.1 General . 133
E.13.2 Combining Category B uncertainties in electric power (u ) . 133
P,i
E.13.3 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement (u ) . 133
V,i
E.13.4 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from cup or
sonic (u ) . 133
VS,i
E.13.5 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from RSD
(u ) . 134
VR,i
E.13.6 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from REWS
u . 134
REWS,i
E.13.7 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for
either a meteorological mast significantly above hub height or an RSD
with a lower-than-hub-height meteorological mast . 135
E.13.8 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for
a hub height meteorological mast + RSD for shear using an absolute
wind speed . 138
E.13.9 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement for REWS for
a hub height meteorological mast and RSD for shear using a relative
wind speed . 139
E.13.10 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from REWS
due to wind veer across the whole rotor u . 141
REWS,veer,i
E.13.11 Combining uncertainties in the wind speed measurement from flow
distortion due to site calibration u . 144
VT,i
E.13.12 Combining uncertainties for the temperature measurement u . 145
T,i
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E.13.13 Combining uncertainties for the pressure measurement u . 146
B,i
E.13.14 Combining uncertainties for the humidity measurement u . 146
RH,i
E.13.15 Combining uncertainties for the method related components u . 147
M,i
E.13.16 Combining uncertainties for the wind direction measurement with wind
vane or sonic anemometer u . 147
WV,i
E.13.17 Combining uncertainties for the wind direction measurement with RSD
u .
...
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