oSIST prEN 14500:2006

Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test methods

The European Standard defines the methods of test to be applied to evaluate the thermal and visual comfort of blinds and shutters.

Abschlüsse - Thermisches und visuelles Verhalten - Prüfverfahren

Diese Europäische Norm gilt für das ganze Sortiment von Abschlüssen, Markisen und Jalousien, die in EN 12216 definiert sind.
Sie legt die Prüfverfahren fest, die für die Bestimmung der strahlungsphysikalischen und lichttechnischen Kenngrößen von Abschlüssen und Jalousien nach prEN 14501 erforderlich sind.

Stores et fermetures - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai

Rolete in polokna – Toplotno in vizualno ugodje – Preskus in računske metode

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 91.060.50 - Doors and windows
• Technical Committee: ISTP - Doors and windows
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 29-Aug-2019
• Due Date: 03-Sep-2019
• Completion Date: 29-Aug-2019
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Ref Project: prEN 14500 - Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14500:2006
01-oktober-2006
5ROHWHLQSRORNQD±7RSORWQRLQYL]XDOQRXJRGMH±3UHVNXVLQUDþXQVNHPHWRGH
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test methods
Abschlüsse - Thermisches und visuelles Verhalten - Prüfverfahren
Stores et fermetures - Confort thermique et lumineux - Méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14500
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
oSIST prEN 14500:2006 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 14500
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2006
ICS

English Version
Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Test ad
calculation methods
Fermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux -
Méthodes d'essai et de calcul
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 33.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14500:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Notations used.8
4.1 General.8
4.2 Visual or solar properties .8
4.3 Geometry of the radiation .9
4.4 Optical factors.9
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines .10
5.1 General.10
5.2 Venetian blinds .10
5.3 Roller blinds .11
5.4 Pleated blinds.12
5.5 Projecting awnings.12
5.6 Vertical blinds .12
5.7 Shutters .12
6 Measurement set-up.12
6.1 Measurement principles.12
6.1.1 Spectral and integral characteristics.12
6.1.2 Absolute and relative methods (according to CIE130-1998).13
6.2 Measuring equipment.13
6.2.1 General.13
6.2.2 Equipment for irradiation.13
6.2.3 Equipment for detection .15
6.2.4 Reference samples .17
6.3 Test samples .17
6.3.1 General.17
6.3.2 Thick translucent samples.18
7 Measurement procedure .18
7.1 General.18
7.2 Test method A – Single beam instrument (substitution method).18
7.2.1 General.18
7.2.2 Test apparatus for the substitution method .18
7.2.3 Direct-hemispherical transmittance mode.19
7.2.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .22
7.2.5 Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance mode.25
7.3 Test method B – Double beam spectrophotometer (comparison method) .25
7.3.1 General.25
7.3.2 Spectral direct-hemispherical transmittance mode.26
7.3.3 Spectral direct-diffuse transmittance mode .28
7.3.4 Direct-hemispherical reflectance mode .28
7.4 Determination of ττ and ρρ .31
ττ ρρ
n-h n-h
7.5 Determination of ττττ .31
n-n
7.5.1 General.31
7.5.2 Measurement of ττ .32
ττ
n-n
7.5.3 Determination of ττττ from the measurement of ττττ .32
n-n n-dif
7.6 Determination of ττττ .32
dif-h
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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
7.6.1 General.32
7.6.2 Measurement.32
7.6.3 Calculation .32
7.7 Determination of opacity characteristics for dim-out and black out materials or products .34
7.7.1 General.34
7.7.2 Samples .34
7.7.3 Test equipment .34
7.7.4 Test procedure.36
7.7.5 Lighting using natural light .36
8 Additional calculation methods for transmittance and reflectance of products .36
8.1 General.36
8.2 Venetian blinds .37
8.2.1 General.37
8.2.2 Ordinary venetian blind with poor closure, normal incidence.37
8.2.3 Ordinary venetian blind with slats tilted at 45°, 45° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .37
8.2.4 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in “Cut-Off” position, 30° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .38
8.2.5 Ordinary venetian blind with slats in horizontal position, 60° solar altitude, 0° azimuth .38
8.3 Vertical blinds .39
8.4 Shutters .39
9 Test report .40
Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment for opacity characteristics determination .41
A.1 Example 1 .41
A.2 Example 2 .42
Annex B (informative) Determination of openness coefficient.44
B.1 Method for fabrics made from opaque material .44
B.2 Method for venetian blinds.44
Annex C (informative) Determination of infrared properties .45
C.1 General.45
C.2 Determination.45
C.2.1 IR transparent materials.45
C.2.2 IR Transmittance through holes in the opaque layer .45
C.2.3 IR transmittance through multiple reflection (venetian or vertical blinds).45
Annex D (informative) Approach in case of projecting awnings.47
D.1 General.47
D.2 Detailed model .47
D.2.1 Reduction factor of direct radiation.48
D.2.2 Reduction factor for diffuse and reflected radiation.48
D.3 Simplified approach for summer .48
D.4 Examples of calculation.49
D.4.1 General.49
D.4.2 Mean values of x for summer .49
D.4.3 Calculations .50


3

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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 14500:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 "Doors, windows,
shutters, building hardware and curtain walling", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
Introduction
This document is part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in
EN 12216.
The present standard is mainly based on the European work performed in TC 89 relating to solar and light
transmittance of solar protection devices combined with glazing and the document CIE130-1998 “Practical
methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance”.
1 Scope
This document defines test and calculation methods for the determination of the reflection and transmission
characteristics to be used to determine the thermal and visual comfort performance classes of external blinds,
internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This document also specifies the method to determine opacity characteristics of dim-out/black-out external blinds,
internal blinds and shutters, as specified in EN 14501.
This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar
protection devices in the present document. Some of the characteristics (e.g. g ) are not applicable when products
tot
are not parallel to the glazing (e. g. folding-arm awnings).
NOTE Informative Annex D presents an approach for the determination of characteristics in case of projectable products.
Products using fluorescent or retroreflecting materials are out of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by reference, dated or undated, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Where
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
CIE 130 - 1998, Practical methods for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance (ISBN 3 900 734 88 7)
EN 410, Glass in building – Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 12216, Blinds and shutters - Terminology – Glossary and definitions
EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of solar and light transmittance – Part 1: Simplified
method
EN 13363-2, Solar protection devices combined with glazing – Calculation of solar and light transmittance – Part 2: Reference
method
EN 14501, Blinds and Shutters – Thermal and visual comfort – Performance characteristics and classification

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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions of EN 12216, EN 14501 and the following apply:
3.1 Processes

3.1.1
reflection
process by which radiation is returned by a surface or medium, without change of frequency of its monochromatic
components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
 Specular (or directional or regular) reflection: reflection in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics,
without diffusion.
 Diffuse reflection: reflection due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no
specular reflection.
 Direct-hemispherical (or mixed) reflection: partly specular and partly diffuse reflection. Direct-
hemispherical reflection is the sum of the diffuse and specular reflection.
 Isotropic diffuse reflection: diffuse reflection in which the spatial distribution of the reflected radiation is
such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which the radiation
is reflected.
3.1.2
transmission
passage of radiation through a medium without change of frequency of its monochromatic components
The following sub-processes are defined herewith:
 Directional (or direct-direct) transmission: transmission in accordance with the laws of geometrical optics,
without diffusion or redirection.
 Diffuse transmission: transmission due to light scattering, in which, on the macroscopic scale, there is no
direct transmission.
 Direct-hemispherical (or mixed or total) transmission: partly directional and partly diffuse transmission. The
direct-hemispherical transmission is the sum of the diffuse and direct transmission.
 Isotropic diffuse transmission: diffuse transmission in which the spatial distribution of the transmitted
radiation is such that the radiance or luminance is the same in all directions in the hemisphere into which
the radiation is transmitted.
3.1.3
absorption
process by which radiant energy is converted to a different form of energy (e.g. heat) by interaction with matter
3.2 Characteristics

3.2.1
reflectance ρρ
ρρ
ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
 Directional-directional (or direct-direct) reflectance: ratio of the specularly reflected flux to the directional
incident flux.
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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
 Directional-diffuse reflectance: ratio of the diffusely reflected flux to the directional incident flux.
 Directional-hemispherical (or total) reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the directional incident
flux.
 Diffuse-hemispherical reflectance: ratio of the total reflected flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux. Ideally
diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole hemisphere of the
incident irradiation.
3.2.2
transmittance ττττ
ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux
The following sub-characteristics are defined:
 Directional-directional transmittance: ratio of the directly transmitted flux to the directional incident flux.
 Directional-diffuse transmittance: ratio of the diffusely transmitted flux to the directional incident flux.
 Directional-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the directional incident flux.
 Diffuse-hemispherical transmittance: ratio of the total transmitted flux to the ideally diffuse incident flux.
Ideally diffuse irradiation means that the radiance or the luminance is equal for the whole hemisphere of
the incident irradiation.
3.2.3
absorptance αα
αα
ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux

3.3
angle definitions
All the following angles are defined in a coordinate system which is fixed relative to the orientation of the solar
protection device

3.3.1
angle of incidence θθθθ
angle between the normal to the plane of the solar protection device and the direction of the incident radiation (see
Figure 1)
3.3.2
altitude angle αα
αα
s
projection of the angle of incidence on the vertical plane which contains the direction of the incident radiation (see
Figure 1)
3.3.3
azimuth angle γγγγ
projection of the angle of incidence on a plane which is normal to the plane of the solar protection device. The
intersection of this projection plane and the plane of the solar protection device is horizontal (see Figure 1).
3.3.4
profile angle αααα
p
projection of the altitude angle on a vertical plane which is perpendicular to the façade under consideration (see
Figure 1). The profile angle is given by the following formula: tg α = tg θ / cos γ.
p
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prEN 14500:2006 (E)

Figure 1 – Angle definitions
Key
1 Direction of the incident radiation
2 Vertical plane normal to the solar protection device
3 Projected direction of the incident radiation
4 Direction normal to the solar protection device
5 Altitude angle (angle in the vertical plane)
6 Azimuth angle (angle in the horizontal plane)
7 Profile angle
8 Angle of incidence
9 Solar protection device
4 Notations used
4.1 General
For the purpose of this document, the optical factors τ (transmittance), ρ (reflectance) and α (absorptance) are
labelled with subscripts which indicate:
 The visual or solar properties,
 The geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation.
4.2 Visual or solar properties
According to the respective spectrum, the following subscripts are used:
 « » solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum, (wavelengths λ from 300 nm
e
to 2500 nm), according to EN 410,
» visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D weighted with the sensitivity of the
 «
v 65
human eye (wavelengths λ from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410.
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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
4.3 Geometry of the radiation
The following subscripts are used to indicate the geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the
transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2).
 « » for directional (fixed, but arbitrary direction θ),
dir
 « » for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is
n
θ = 0°, or θ ≤ 8° respectively,
 « »  for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane),
h
 « » for diffuse.
dif

Key
1 Solar protection device
2 Incident directional light or solar radiation
3 Transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation
4 Transmitted diffuse component of light or solar radiation
Figure 2 — Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation
4.4 Optical factors
The optical factors are designated as follows:
 τ  normal-normal solar transmittance
e, n-n
 τ  normal-normal light transmittance
v, n-n
 τ  normal-diffuse light transmittance
v, n-dif
 τ  normal-hemispherical light transmittance
v, n-h
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prEN 14500:2006 (E)
 τ  direct-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dir-h
 τ  normal-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, n-h
 τ  direct-hemispherical solar transmittance
e, dir-h
 ρ  normal-hemispherical light reflectance
v, n-h
 ρ  direct-hemispherical light reflectance
v, dir-h
 ρ  normal-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, n-h
 ρ  direct-hemispherical solar reflectance
e, dir-h
 τ diffuse-hemispherical light transmittance
v, dif-h
5 Test and calculation methods to be used according to product - Guidelines
5.1 General
The test methods described in this document are intended to be used for testing the characteristics of the curtain
elements of solar protection devices. Curtain elements are for example flat sheets of coated aluminium for slats for
venetian blinds, fabric materials for roller blinds or glass slats with or without patterns for external glass venetian
blinds. The properties of the whole product, which consists of one or more elements, are then calculated according
to EN 13363-1 or EN 13363-2. Also a whole product may be tested, if the test equipment is sufficiently large so that
the whole product fulfils the requirements of test samples as stated in clause 6.3.
This standard characterises the product performance through the properties of the curtain (centre of product
values). However, peripheral gaps and/or holes and the set-up can have a strong effect on the performance of the
product under real conditions and shall be considered during set-up.
For all solar protection devices, it is assumed that the products are fully extended (not partially retracted) when
solar protection or glare protection is required.
NOTE For building planning it can be useful to take into consideration partially retracted solar protection devices. The
properties of the whole window can then be approximated from the properties of the window area with and without solar
protection devices.
5.2 Venetian blinds
The solar and light characteristics of venetian blinds shall be:
 Either measured directly on a complete product according to clause 7. The venetian blind shall in this
case fulfil the requirements of test samples specified in clause 6.3.
 Or calculated using the properties of the individual slats. The slats characteristics shall be measured
according to clause 7 and the calculation method of Annex A of EN 13363-2 shall be used. Additional
information/requirements presented in clause 8 shall be used.
NOTE If products cannot be appropriately characterised using EN 13363-2 (for example: mirror finished and/or special
shaped slats), a more detailed calculation method may be necessary.
The characteristics of the combination of a venetian blind with a glazing may be measured directly according to
clause 7 if the requirements of test sample specified in clause 6.3 are fulfilled.
The different possibilities of determination of venetian blind characteristics
...