SIST EN ISO 10077-2:2004
(Main)Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO 10077-2:2003)
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO 10077-2:2003)
This European Standard specifies a method and gives reference input data for the calculation of the thermal transmittance of frame profiles and of the linear thermal transmittance of their junction with glazings or opaque panels.
The method can also be used to evaluate the thermal resistance of shutter profiles and the thermal characteristics of roller shutter boxes.
This European Standard also gives criteria for the validation of numerical methods used for the calculation.
This European Standard does not include effects of solar radiation, heat transfer caused by air leakage or three-dimensional heat transfer such as pin point metallic connections. Thermal bridge effects between the frame and the building structure are not included.
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern, Türen und Abschlüssen - Berechnung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten - Teil 2: Numerisches Verfahren für Rahmen (ISO 10077-2:2003)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren und Werkstoffkennwerte für die Berechnung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von Rahmenprofilen und den längenbezogenen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten für Randeinflüsse auf Grund der Glas oder anderer Füllelemente fest. Dieses Verfahren kann zur Bestimmung des Wärmestroms und der Oberflächentemperaturen von Rahmenprofilen verwendet werden.
Das Verfahren kann weiterhin zur Bewertung des Wärmedurchlasswiderstandes von Abschlussprofilen und der thermischen Eigenschaften von Rollladenkästen verwendet werden.
Die Norm berücksichtigt Einflüsse der Sonneneinstrahlung und Wärmeübertragung infolge Luftdurchlässigkeit sowie dreidimensionale Wärmeübertragung, wie z. B. engbegrenzte metallische Verbindungen nicht.
Performance thermique des fenetres, portes et fermetures - Calcul du coefficient de transmission thermique - Partie 2: Méthode numérique pour les profilés de menuiserie (ISO 10077-2:2003)
La présente Norme européenne donne une méthode et des données d'entrée pour le calcul du coefficient de transmission thermique des profilés de menuiserie et du coefficient de transmission thermique linéique de leurs jonctions avec les vitrages ou les panneaux opaques. Cette méthode peut également etre utilisée pour évaluer la résistance thermique de profilés de fermetures et les caractéristiques thermiques de coffres de volet roulant.
Cette méthode peut également etre utilisée pour évaluer la résistance thermique de profilés de fermetures et les caractéristiques thermiques de coffres de volet roulant.
La présente Norme européenne fournit également des criteres pour la validation des méthodes numériques utilisées dans ce calcul.
La présente Norme européenne ne couvre pas les effets du rayonnement solaire ni le transfert thermique provoqué par des infiltrations d'air ou les transferts thermiques tridimensionnels créés par exemple par des liaisons métalliques ponctuelles. Les effets des ponts thermiques entre les profilés de menuiserie et la structure du bâtiment ne sont pas pris en compte.
Toplotne lastnosti oken, vrat in polken - Izračun toplotne prehodnosti - 2. del: Računska metoda za okvirje (ISO 10077-2:2003)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 10077-2:2004
01-september-2004
7RSORWQHODVWQRVWLRNHQYUDWLQSRONHQ,]UDþXQWRSORWQHSUHKRGQRVWLGHO
5DþXQVNDPHWRGD]DRNYLUMH ,62
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal
transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO 10077-2:2003)
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern, Türen und Abschlüssen - Berechnung des
Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten - Teil 2: Numerisches Verfahren für Rahmen (ISO 10077
-2:2003)
Performance thermique des fenetres, portes et fermetures - Calcul du coefficient de
transmission thermique - Partie 2: Méthode numérique pour les profilés de menuiserie
(ISO 10077-2:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10077-2:2003
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation
SIST EN ISO 10077-2:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 10077-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2003
ICS 91.060.50
English version
Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters -
Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method
for frames (ISO 10077-2:2003)
Performance thermique des fenêtres, portes et fermetures - Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern, Türen und
Calcul du coefficient de transmission thermique - Partie 2: Abschlüssen - Berechnung des
Méthode numérique pour les profilés de menuiserie (ISO Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten - Teil 2: Numerisches
10077-2:2003) Verfahren für Rahmen (ISO 10077-2:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 May 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10077-2:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
Contents
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units .5
4 Calculation method.5
4.1 General principle.5
4.2 Validation of the calculation program .6
4.3 Determination of the thermal transmittance .6
5 Treatment of solid sections and boundaries .6
5.1 Solid materials.6
5.2 Boundaries .6
6 Treatment of cavities .6
6.1 General.6
6.2 Cavities in glazing.6
6.3 Unventilated air cavities in frames.6
6.3.1 Definition.6
6.3.2 Unventilated rectangular cavities.7
6.3.3 Unventilated non-rectangular air cavities .9
6.4 Ventilated air cavities and grooves.10
6.4.1 Slightly ventilated cavities and grooves with small cross section.10
6.4.2 Well ventilated cavities and grooves with large cross section.10
7 Report.11
7.1 General.11
7.2 Geometrical data.11
7.3 Thermal data.11
7.3.1 Thermal conductivity.11
7.3.2 Emissivity .11
7.3.3 Boundary conditions .11
7.4 Results .11
Annex A (informative) Design thermal conductivity of selected materials .12
Annex B (normative) Surface resistances for horizontal heat flow .14
Annex C (normative) Determination of the thermal transmittance .15
C.1 Thermal transmittance of the frame section.15
C.2 Linear thermal transmittance of the junction with the glazing or opaque panel .16
Annex D (normative) Examples for the validation of the calculation programs.17
D.1 General.17
D.2 Figures .17
D.3 Results .27
Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding
European publications .28
Bibliography .29
2
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document EN ISO 10077-2:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 89, "Thermal
performance of buildings and building components" the secretariat of which is held by SIS, in collaboration with
Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2004.
This standard is one of a series of standards on calculation methods for the design and evaluation of the thermal
performance of buildings and building components.
Annexes B, C, D and ZA are normative.
Annexes A and ZB are informative.
This document includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
3
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
Introduction
The series of EN ISO 10077, "Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters – Calculation of thermal
transmittance", consists of two parts. The method in Part 2: "Numerical method for frames", is intended to provide
calculated values of the thermal characteristics of frame profiles, suitable to be used as input data in the simplified
calculation method of the thermal transmittance of windows, doors and shutters given in Part 1: "Simplified method.
It is an alternative to the test method specified in prEN 12412–2 (see Bibliography). In some cases, the hot box
method can be preferred, especially if physical and geometrical data are not available or if the profile is of
complicated geometrical shape.
Although the method in this Part 2 basically applies to vertical frame profiles, it is an acceptable approximation for
horizontal frame profiles (e.g. sill and head sections) and for products used in sloped positions (e.g. roof windows).
The heat flow pattern and the temperature field within the frame are useful by-products of this calculation.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method and gives reference input data for the calculation of the thermal
transmittance of frame profiles and of the linear thermal transmittance of their junction with glazings or opaque
panels.
The method can also be used to evaluate the thermal resistance of shutter profiles and the thermal characteristics
of roller shutter boxes.
This European Standard also gives criteria for the validation of numerical methods used for the calculation.
This European Standard does not include effects of solar radiation, heat transfer caused by air leakage or three-
dimensional heat transfer such as pin point metallic connections. Thermal bridge effects between the frame and the
building structure are not included.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
prEN 12519:1996, Windows and doors – Terminology.
EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation – Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987).
EN ISO 10211-1:1995, Thermal bridges in building construction – Heat flows and surface temperatures – Part 1:
General calculation methods (ISO 10211-1:1995).
ISO 10292, Glass in building - Calculation of steady-state U values (thermal transmittance) of multiple glazing.
4
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and
prEN 12519:1996 apply.
Symbol
Quantity Unit
2
A area m
b width, i.e. perpendicular to the direction of heat flow m
d depth, i.e. parallel to the direction of heat flow m
E intersurface emittance –
F view factor –
2
h heat transfer coefficient W/(m ⋅K)
2D
L two-dimensional thermal conductance W/(m·K)
or thermal coupling coefficient
l length m
2
q density of heat flow rate W/m
2
R thermal resistance m ⋅K/W
T thermodynamic temperature K
2
U thermal transmittance W/(m ⋅K)
2 4
sStefan-Boltzmann constant W/(m ⋅K )
eemissivity –
lthermal conductivity W/(m⋅K)
Ylinear thermal transmittance W/(m⋅K)
Subscripts
a convective (surface to surface)
e external (outdoor)
g glazing
eq equivalent
f frame
i internal (indoor)
p panel
r radiative
s space (air or gas space)
sb shutter box
se external surface
si internal surface
4 Calculation method
4.1 General principle
The calculation is carried out using a two-dimensional numerical method conforming to EN ISO 10211-1. The
elements shall be divided such that any further division does not change the calculated result significantly.
EN ISO 10211-1 gives criteria for judging whether sufficient sub-divisions have been used.
It is assumed that the principal heat flow in the section is perpendicular to a plane parallel to the external and
internal surfaces. Vertical orientation of sections and air cavities is assumed. It is assumed that the emissivity of the
surfaces adjoining the air cavities is 0,9 (it is assumed that the normal emissivity is 0,85). If other values are used
they shall be clearly stated with references in the report.
5
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
4.2 Validation of the calculation program
To ensure the suitability of the calculation program used, calculations shall be carried out on the examples
2D
described in annex D. The calculated two-dimensional thermal conductance L shall not differ from the
corresponding values given in Table D.3 by more than – 3 %. This will lead to an accuracy of the thermal
transmittance, U, and the linear thermal transmittance Y, of about 5 %.
4.3 Determination of the thermal transmittance
The thermal transmittance of a frame section and the linear thermal transmittance of the interaction of frame and
glazing shall be determined with the glazing replaced by an insulating panel according to annex C, with the external
and internal surface resistances taken from annex B.
5 Treatment of solid sections and boundaries
5.1 Solid materials
Design values of thermal conductivity for common materials are given in annex A. Design values derived from
measurements may be used instead of those in annex A, but this shall be clearly stated in the report. Further
values can be obtained from EN 12524.
NOTE Design values derived in accordance with ISO 10456 (see Bibliography) is an alternative.
5.2 Boundaries
The external and internal surface resistances depend on the convective and radiative heat transfer to the external
and internal environment. If an external surface is not exposed to normal wind conditions the convective part may
be reduced in edges or junctions between two surfaces (see EN ISO 10211-1:1995, annex E). The surface
resistances for horizontal heat flow are given in annex B. The cutting plane of the infill and the cutting plane to
neighbouring material shall be taken as adiabatic (see Figure 1).
For the calculation of condensation risk see EN ISO 10211-1.
6 Treatment of cavities
6.1 General
The heat flow rate in cavities shall be represented by an equivalent thermal conductivity l. This equivalent
eq
thermal conductivity includes the heat flow by conduction, by convection and by radiation and depends on the
geometry of the cavity and on the adjacent materials.
6.2 Cavities in glazing
The equivalent thermal conductivity of an unventilated space between glass panes in glazing shall be determined
according to ISO 10292. The resulting equivalent conductivity shall be used in the whole cavity, up to the edge.
NOTE The correlations for high aspect ratio cavities used in EN 673 and ISO 10292 tend to give low values for the
equivalent thermal conductivity. More accurate correlations are given in ISO 15099 (see Bibliography).
6.3 Unventilated air cavities in frames
6.3.1 Definition
Air cavities are unventilated if they are completely closed or connected either to the exterior or to the interior by a
slit with a width not exceeding 2 mm (see Figure 1). Otherwise the cavity shall be treated as ventilated.
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EN ISO 10077-2:2003 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
Boundaries (see annex B): Cavities and grooves:
A Adiabatic boundary E Glazing (see 6.2)
B External surface resistance F Unventilated cavity (see 6.3)
C Internal surface resistance G Slightly ventilated cavity or groove (see 6.4.1)
D Increased surface resistance H Well ventilated cavity or groove (see 6.4.2)
Figure 1 — Schematic example for the treatment of cavities and grooves of a frame section and the
treatment of the boundaries
6.3.
...
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