oSIST prEN 81400-4:2005
(Main)Wind turbine generator systems - Part 4: Gearboxes for turbines from 40 kW to 2 MW and larger
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 4: Gearboxes for turbines from 40 kW to 2 MW and larger
D125/112: Project stopped because CDV published as ISO document - Standstill maintainted
Aérogénérateurs - Partie 4: Boîtes de vitesses pour générateurs de 40 kW à 2 MW ou plus
Sistemi generatorjev za vetrne turbine - 4. del: Zobniški prenosniki za turbine od 40 kW do 2 MW in večje
General Information
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IEC 61400-21-2 - Wind energy generation systems - Measurement and assessment of electrical characteristics - Wind power plants - has the following scope: IEC 61400-21-2 defines and specifies the quantities that shall be determined to characterize the electrical characteristics of grid-connected power plants (PP).
IEC 61400-21-2 defines the measurement and test procedures for quantifying the electrical characteristics as basis for the verification of compliance of PP, including:
- Power quality aspects
- Steady state operation
- Dynamic response (undervoltage and overvoltage fault ride-through)
- Disconnection from grid (Grid protection)
- Control performance
IEC 61400-21-2 defines a uniform functionality test and measurement procedure for the power plant controller (PPC), as a basis for the unit test of the power plant controller.
IEC 61400-21-2 defines the procedures for assessing compliance with electrical connection requirements, including the aggregation methods for power quality aspects such as voltage variations, flicker, harmonics and interharmonics.
IEC 61400-21-2 defines the procedures for measurement and fault recording for the verification of power plant electrical simulation models in relation to undervoltage and overvoltage ride through events.
These measurement procedures are valid for power plants, including the power plant controller and other connected equipment, necessary for the operation of the Power Plant. The measurement procedures are valid for any size of power plant connected to the point of connection (POC) at one connection point.
The procedures for assessing and verifying the compliance with grid connection requirements are valid for power plants in power systems with fixed frequency and a sufficient short-circuit power.
Out of the scope of this standard are:
- Multi park control, i.e. cluster management of several power plants (PP) or several connection points
- Compliance test and performance requirements, including pass or fail criteria
- Specific component test and validation of the PP equipment (switchgear, cables, transformers, etc.), which are covered by other IEC standards
- Wind power plant model validation, as defined in the IEC 61400-27-2
- Load flow calculation methods and load flow study guidelines
- Test and measurement of the communication interface and system of the PP as defined in the IEC 61400-25 series
NOTE
For the purposes of this document, the following terms for system voltage apply, based on IEC 60038
Low voltage (LV) refers to 100 V < Un ≤ 1 kV;
Medium voltage (MV) refers 106 to 1 kV < Un ≤ 35 kV;
High voltage (HV) refers to 35 kV < Un ≤ 230 kV;
Extra high voltage (EHV) refers to Un > 230 kV
- Standard151 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
IEC 61400-50-1:2022 specifies methods and requirements for the application of instruments to measure wind speed (and related parameters, e.g. wind direction, turbulence intensity). Such measurements are required as an input to some of the evaluation and testing procedures for wind energy and wind turbine technology (e.g. resource evaluation and turbine performance testing) described by other standards in the IEC 61400 series. This document is applicable specifically to the use of wind measurement instruments mounted on meteorological masts, turbine nacelles or turbine spinners which measure the wind at the location at which the instruments are mounted. This document excludes remote sensing devices which measure the wind at some location distant from the location at which the instrument is mounted (e.g. vertical profile or forward facing lidars).
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
This part of IEC 61400-12 specifies a procedure for verifying the power performance
characteristics of a single electricity-producing, horizontal axis wind turbine that is not
considered to be a small wind turbine per IEC 61400-2. It is expected that this document be
used when the specific operational or contractual specifications do not comply with the
requirements set out in IEC 61400-12-1. The procedure can be used for power performance
evaluation of specific turbines at specific locations, but equally the methodology can be used
to make generic comparisons between different turbine models or different turbine settings.
The purpose of this document is to provide a uniform methodology of measurement, analysis,
and reporting of power performance characteristics for individual electricity producing wind
turbines utilising nacelle-anemometry methods. This document is intended to be applied only
to horizontal axis wind turbines of sufficient size that the nacelle-mounted anemometer does
not significantly affect the flow through the turbine’s rotor and around the nacelle and hence
does not affect the wind turbine’s performance. The intent of this document is that the methods
presented in this document be utilised when the requirements set out in IEC 61400-12-1 are
not feasible. This will ensure that the results are as consistent, accurate, and reproducible as
possible within the current state of the art for instrumentation and measurement techniques.
This document describes how to characterise a wind turbine’s power performance in terms of a
measured power curve and the estimated AEP. Guidance on uncertainty considerations relating
to the power performance of the sample of turbines tested relative to the power performance of
all turbines in a wind farm is provided. Guidance on the evaluation of the combined uncertainty
for the case where multiple turbines are tested is also provided.
- Standard81 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
The IEC 61400 series of standards addresses wind energy generation technical requirements up to the point of interconnection with the utility grid system. Part 12 of the IEC 61400 series of standards comprises a sub-set of standards which are to be used in the evaluation and measurement of the power performance characteristics of wind turbines. The power performance characterisation of wind turbines of all types and sizes is covered.
Wind turbine power performance characteristics are determined from a measured power curve and an associated estimated annual energy production (AEP) and its uncertainty. The measured power curve, defined as the relationship between the wind speed and the wind turbine power output, is determined by collecting simultaneous measurements of meteorological variables (including wind speed), as well as wind turbine signals (including power output) at the test site for a period that is long enough to establish a statistically significant database over a range of wind speeds and under varying wind and atmospheric conditions. The AEP is calculated by applying the measured power curve to reference wind speed frequency distributions, assuming 100 % availability.
Part 12-0 provides a general introduction to the available options for power performance measurement and the contributing evaluations which are further detailed in the other parts of the IEC 61400-12 series. Although the -12 series also defines the specifications of the meteorological variables (and in particular wind speed) required for the power performance evaluation, the methods and procedures for measuring or otherwise acquiring the wind speed data are defined in the IEC 61400-50 wind measurement series of standards.
The evaluation of the wind turbine power performance characteristic according to this series of standards requires the measured power curve and derived energy production figures to be supplemented by an assessment of uncertainty sources and their combined effects. The basis of the uncertainty assessment is ISO/IEC Guide 98-3. The wind measurement uncertainty sources shall be identified and quantified from procedures described in the relevant wind measurement standards contained in the IEC 61400-50 series. The wind measurement uncertainties shall be propagated through to and combined with the other sources of uncertainty in the power curve and annual energy production using methods and assumptions described in the IEC 61400-12 series of standards.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
This part of IEC 61400 specifies a procedure for measuring the power performance
characteristics of a single wind turbine and applies to the testing of wind turbines of all types
and sizes connected to the electrical power network. In addition, this document defines a
procedure to be used to determine the power performance characteristics of small wind turbines
(as defined in IEC 61400-2) when connected to either the electric power network or a battery
bank. The procedure can be used for performance evaluation of specific wind turbines at
specific locations, but equally the methodology can be used to make generic comparisons
between different wind turbine models or different wind turbine settings when site-specific
conditions and data filtering influences are taken into account.
Considerations which can be of relevance to the assessment of uncertainty of power
performance tests on multiple turbines are presented in Annex R on an informative basis.
This document defines a measurement methodology that requires the measured power curve
and derived energy production figures to be supplemented by an assessment of uncertainty
sources and their combined effects. Uncertainty sources of wind measurements are assessed
from procedures described in the relevant wind measurement equipment standards while
uncertainty of the power curve and annual energy production are assessed by procedures in
this document.
- Standard157 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
This part of IEC 61400 specifies a measurement and analysis procedure for deriving the wind
speed correction due to terrain effects and applies to the performance testing of wind turbines
of all types and sizes connected to the electrical power network as described in IEC 61400-12-1.
The procedure applies to the performance evaluation of specific wind turbines at specific
locations.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
This part of IEC 61400 specifies the procedures for assessing the significance of obstacles and
terrain variations on a proposed power performance measurement site and applies to the
performance testing of wind turbines of all types and sizes connected to the electrical power
network as described in other parts of the IEC 61400 series. The procedure applies to the
performance evaluation of specific wind turbines at specific locations.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
The IEC 61400 series of standards addresses wind energy generation technical requirements
up to the point of interconnection with the utility grid system. The IEC 61400-50 series of
standards comprises a sub-set of standards which specify the requirements for equipment and
methods to be used in the measurement of the wind.
Wind measurements are required as inputs to various tests and analyses specified in other usecase standards in the IEC 61400 series (e.g. power performance, resource assessment, noise
measurement). Whereas those other standards define use-cases for wind measurements, the
IEC 61400-50 series sets those wind measurement requirements which are independent of the
use-case. Its purpose is to ensure that wind measurements and the evaluation of uncertainties
in those measurements are carried out consistently across the wind industry and that wind
measurements are carried out such that the uncertainties can be quantified and that those
uncertainties are within an acceptable range.
This document provides a general introduction to the options that are available for wind
measurement, which are further detailed in the other parts of the IEC 61400-50 series.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
This part of IEC 61400-12 specifies a procedure for measuring the nacelle transfer function of
a single electricity-producing, horizontal axis wind turbine, which is not considered to be a small
wind turbine in accordance with IEC 61400-2. It is expected that this document be used when
a valid nacelle transfer function is needed to execute a power performance measurement
according to IEC 61400-12-2.
A wind speed measured on the nacelle or hub of a wind turbine is affected by the turbine rotor
(i.e. speeded up or slowed down wind speed). In IEC 61400-12-1, an anemometer is located on
a meteorological tower that is located between two and four rotor diameters upwind of the test
turbine. This location allows direct measurement of the "free" wind with minimum interference
from the test turbine's rotor. In the procedure of this document, the anemometer is located on
or near the test turbine's nacelle. In this location, the anemometer is measuring a wind speed
that is strongly affected by the test turbine's rotor and the nacelle. The procedure in this
document includes methods for determining and applying appropriate corrections for this
interference. However, note that these corrections inherently increase the measurement
uncertainty compared to a properly configured test conducted in accordance with
IEC 61400-12-1.
This document specifies how to characterise a wind turbine's nacelle transfer function. The
nacelle transfer function is determined by collecting simultaneous measurements of
nacelle-measured wind speed and free stream wind speed (as measured on a meteorological
mast) for a period that is long enough to establish a statistically significant database over a
range of wind speeds and under varying wind and atmospheric conditions. The procedure also
provides guidance on determination of measurement uncertainty including assessment of
uncertainty sources and recommendations for combining them.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
Part 50 of IEC 61400 specifies methods and requirements for the application of instruments to measure wind speed (and related parameters, e.g. wind direction and turbulence intensity). Such measurements are required as an input to some of the evaluation and testing procedures for wind energy and wind turbine technology (e.g. resource evaluation and turbine testing) described by other standards in the IEC 61400 series. Part 50-2 is applicable specifically to the use of ground mounted remote sensing wind measurement instruments, i.e devices which measure the wind at some location generally above and distant from the location at which the instrument is mounted (e.g. sodars, vertical profiling lidars). This document specifically excludes other types of RSD such as forward facing or scanning lidars.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for×1 day
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