oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009

Tap-changers - Part 2: Application guide

Assists in the selection of tap-changers designed in accordance with IEC 60214-1 for use in conjunction with the tapped windings of transformers or reactors. Also assists in understanding the various types of tap-changers and their associated equipment available. Covers both on-load tap-changers and off-circuit tap-changers.

Odcepni preklopniki - 2. del: Navodilo za uporabo

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Dec-2009
• ICS: 29.180 - Transformers. Reactors
• Technical Committee: ETR - Power transformers
• Current Stage: 98 - Abandoned project (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 18-Sep-2024
• Due Date: 23-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 18-Sep-2024
• Ref Project: IEC 60214-2 - Tap-changers - Part 2: Application guide

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Odcepni preklopniki - 2. del: Navodilo za uporaboTap-changers - Part 2: Application guide29.180Transformatorji. DušilkeTransformers. ReactorsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:IEC 60214-2oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009en01-december-2009oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC60214-2 First edition2004-10 Tap-changers – Part 2: Application guide
 IEC 2004

Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission,
3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, SwitzerlandTelephone: [phone] Telefax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch W For price, see current cataloguePRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical CommissionoSIST IEC 60214-2:2009

– 2 – 60214-2  IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Terms and definitions.7 4 Symbols and abbreviations.7 5 Types of tap-changer.8 5.1 General.8 5.2 On-load tap-changers.8 5.3 Off-circuit tap-changers.15 5.4 Liquid-immersed tap-changers.15 5.5 Dry-type tap-changers.16 5.6 Other types.17 5.7 Protective devices.18 6 Selection of tap-changers.21 6.1 General.21 6.2 On-load tap-changers.22 6.3 Off-circuit tap-changers.27 7 Location of liquid-immersed tap-changers.29 7.1 Tap selectors.29 7.2 Diverter and selector switches.29 8 Fittings.29 8.1 Valves, air-release vents and liquid sampling devices.29 8.2 Liquid level gauges.29 8.3 Low liquid level alarms.30 8.4 Nameplate and other plates.30 8.5 Devices to aid maintenance.30 8.6 Dehydrating breathers.30 9 Field service (operation, maintenance and monitoring).30 9.1 Operation.30 9.2 Maintenance.32 9.3 Monitoring in service.32 10 Information to be provided by the transformer manufacturer.34 10.1 Information required at the enquiry or order stage for an on-load tap-changer.34 10.2 Information required with enquiry or order for off-circuit tap-changers.36 10.3 Documentation.36 11 Protection and safety.37 11.1 Protection.37 11.2 Safety aspects.37 11.3 Immersing medium.37
60214-2  IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
Figure 1 – External separate selector and diverter compartments (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer).9 Figure 2 – External mounted selector switch tap-changer (for mounting on the end or side of the transformer).10 Figure 3 – External mounted in-tank with separate barrier board.10 Figure 4 – In-tank separate selector and diverter switch.12 Figure 5 – In-tank selector switch tap-changer.13
– 4 – 60214-2  IEC:2004(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________
TAP-CHANGERS –
Part 2: Application guide
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60214-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers.
This standard cancels and replaces IEC 60542 (1976) and its amendment 1 (1988). This first edition constitutes a technical revision of that standard. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/490/FDIS 14/492/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009

60214-2  IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
IEC 60214 consists of the following parts, under the general title Tap-changers: Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods Part 2: Application guide
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed; • withdrawn; • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
– 6 – 60214-2  IEC:2004(E)
INTRODUCTION The recommendations in this application guide represent advice to the tap-changer manufacturer and purchaser.
It is stressed that the responsibility for the correct application of the fully assembled tap-changers in connection with the transformer lies with the manufacturer of the transformer. oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009

60214-2  IEC:2004(E) – 7 –
TAP-CHANGERS –
Part 2: Application guide
1 Scope This part of IEC 60214 is intended to assist in the selection of tap-changers designed in accordance with IEC 60214-1 for use in conjunction with the tapped windings of transformers or reactors. It is also intended to assist in understanding the various types of tap-changers and their associated equipment available. The application guide covers on-load tap-changers (resistor and reactor types) and off-circuit tap-changers. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60076-1:1993, Power transformers – Part 1: General
Amendment 1(1999)1 IEC 60076-3:2000, Power transformers – Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air IEC 60076-5:2000, Power transformers – Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit IEC 60076-11:2004, Power transformers – Dry-type transformers
IEC 60214-1:2003, Tap-changers – Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods IEC 60296:2003, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear IEC 60354:1991, Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers IEC 60599:1999, Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service – Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis
3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60214-1 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations DGA Dissolved gas analysis
HVDC High-voltage direct current
PST Phase-shifting transformer
___________ 1 There exists a consolidated edition 2.1 (2000) that includes edition 2.0 and its amendment. oSIST IEC 60214-2:2009

– 8 – 60214-2  IEC:2004(E)
5 Types of tap-changer 5.1 General Tap-changers are devices that will vary the turns ratio of a transformer and hence regulate the voltages of that transformer. Tap-changers that can perform this operation can broadly be divided into two fundamental types as follows: – on-load tap-changers; – off-circuit tap-changers. 5.2 On-load tap-changers 5.2.1 General The on-load tap-changer is designed to change tap position and hence vary the turns ratio of the transformer whilst it is both energized and on load. It performs this function without any interruption of the supply. This is achieved with mechanically operated devices that will select the various tap positions and switch the load currents and step voltages. On-load tap-changing can be employed by using various switching principles. The two most common switching principles are: – high-speed transition resistor type switching; and – transition reactor (preventive autotransformer) type switching. 5.2.2 Resistor-type on-load tap-changers 5.2.2.1 General Resistor-type on-load tap-changers can be divided into two distinctive types: – external out-of-tank tap-changers (air environment), as described in 5.2.2.2; – in-tank tap-changers (liquid environment), as described in 5.2.2.3. The operating sequences of the different resistor type tap-changers are shown in IEC 60214-1, Table A.1. 5.2.2.2 External resistor-type on-load tap-changers 5.2.2.2.1 General These tap-changers are self-contained in their own tanks (except
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