29 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELEKTROTECHNIK
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
ELEKTROTEHNIKA
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This document specifies the functional requirements for output and accuracy of measurements of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and overhead contact line.
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This European Standard is applicable to new low voltage devices for measurement, control and protection which are: — for indoor or outdoor fixed installations in traction systems, and — operated in conjunction with high voltage equipment with an a.c. line voltage and frequency as specified in EN 50163. This European Standard also applies to measurement, control and protective devices other than low voltage devices and not covered by a specific railway product standard as far as reasonably possible. Requirements of this document prevail. Scope of amendment Implementation of 2 technical changes: — Modification of subclause 5.4, second item in list of protection functions. — Aligning the value for short-circuit current of 50 Hz traction systems given in Annex A subclause A.2.1 ‘Line testing – General’ with EN 50388-1:2022 Table 7
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European common modification to EN 61936-1
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IEC TS 63414:2025 is applicable for the determination of the AC and DC pollution flashover and withstand voltage characteristics of insulators with polymeric housing, to be used outdoors in HV applications and exposed to polluted environments. This is also applicable for insulators with hydrophobic coatings. This document refers to AC systems with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and DC systems with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V.
The object of this technical specification is to prescribe standardized test methods, requirements and procedures for artificial pollution tests applicable to polymeric insulators for overhead lines including traction lines, station post and hollow insulators of equipment. Available test experience with polymeric station post and hollow insulators, especially for DC applications, is limited.
The proposed tests are not applicable to ceramic and glass insulators without polymeric housing, to greased insulators or to special types of insulators (e.g., insulators with semiconducting glaze).
Differently to ceramic and glass insulators without polymeric housing:
- The pollution performance of insulators with polymeric housing varies with the hydrophobicity condition of the surface. The specific conditions simulated by standardized tests might not represent the actual dynamic field conditions.
- The determination of the flashover and/or withstand voltage under pollution conditions is not enough for dimensioning. Additional constraints related to possible ageing are also to be considered.
- If the Hydrophobicity Transfer Material (HTM) test according to IEC TR 62039 confirms that an insulator is non-HTM, it can be tested according to IEC 60507 or IEC TS 61245.
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IEC 63522-4:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
The object of this test is to define a standard test method for the dielectric strength test.
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IEC 61811-1:2015 applies to electromechanical telecom elementary relays. Relays according to this standard are provided for the operation in telecommunication applications. However, as electromechanical elementary relays, they are also suitable for particular industrial and other applications. This standard selects from IEC 61810 series and other sources the appropriate methods of test to be used in detail specifications derived from this specification, and contains basic test schedules to be used in the preparation of such specifications in accordance with this standard. Detailed test schedules are contained in the detail specifications. This second edition of IEC 61811-1 cancels and replaces IEC 61811-1 published in 1999, IEC 61811-10 published in 2002, IEC 61811-11 published in 2002, IEC 61811-50 published in 2002, IEC 61811-51 published in 2002, IEC 61811-52 published in 2002, IEC 61811-53 published in 2002, IEC 61811-54 published in 2002, IEC 61811-55 published in 2002, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous editions:
a) to get one document for telecom relays;
b) update all relevant references.
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IEC 63093-5:2025 specifies the dimensions that are of importance for mechanical interchangeability for a preferred range of EP-cores made of ferrite, the essential dimensions of coil formers to be used with them and the locations of their terminal pins on a 2,50 mm printed wiring grid in relation to the base outlines of the cores and the effective parameter values to be used in calculations involving them. It also gives guidelines on allowable limits of surface irregularities applicable to EP-cores. The specifications contained in this document are useful in negotiations between ferrite core suppliers and users about surface irregularities. The general considerations upon which the design of this range of cores is based are as given in Annex A.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) revision of Table 2 according to IEC 60205:2016.
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IEC 63093-2:2025 specifies the dimensions that are of importance for mechanical interchangeability for a preferred range of pot-cores made of ferrite, and the dimensional limits for coil formers to be used with them, as well as the effective parameter values to be used in calculations involving them. It also gives guidelines on the allowable limits of surface irregularities applicable to pot-cores in accordance with the relevant generic specification. The selection of core sizes and shapes for this document is based on the philosophy of including those sizes which are industrial standards, either by inclusion in a national standard, or by broad-based use in industry. The general considerations upon which the design of this range of cores is based are given in Annex A.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) revision of Table 4 and Table 5 according to IEC 60205:2016.
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IEC 60216-1:2025 specifies the general ageing conditions and procedures to be used for deriving thermal endurance characteristics and gives guidance in using the detailed instructions and guidelines in the other parts of IEC 60216. Although originally developed for use with electrical insulating materials and simple combinations of such materials, the procedures are considered to be of more general applicability and are widely used in the assessment of materials not intended for use as electrical insulation. In the application of this document, it is assumed that a practically linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the time required to cause the predetermined property change and the reciprocal of the corresponding absolute temperature (Arrhenius relationship). For the valid application of this document, no transition, in particular no first-order transition, is expected to occur in the temperature range under study.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the definition for temperature index (TI) has been updated;
b) requirements for selection of related materials used, e.g. in different colours (5.1.2), have been added;
c) test procedure for thickness sensitivity (5.5 et 6.6) has been added;
d) Annex C "Concepts in earlier editions" has been deleted.
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IEC TS 63493-1:2025 specifies the main parameters to facilitate interchangeability or at least to define some frame conditions of MV bushings:
- with Um from 12 kV up to and including 52 kV;
- Ir from 630 A up to and including 3 150 A.
This document deals with non-capacitance graded bushings for Power Transformers, according to the IEC 60076 series (usually for transformer with conservator).
In this document only liquid to air bushings are considered. Bushings of liquid-to-liquid and air-to-air type and bushings for transformers with air-cushion in tank are not considered.
MV is considered up to 52 kV; this value is used to cover specific insulation levels or for high pollution levels, even if the field of application is very restricted.
Both solutions with external insulation in porcelain and polymeric can be used and need to enable interchangeability (in terms of mechanical and electrical performance).
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This document establishes a classification of surface insulations for electrical steel sheet, strip and laminations according to their general composition, relative insulating ability and function.
These surface insulations are either oxide layers or applied coatings.
The purpose of this classification is to create a nomenclature for the various types of surface insulations and to assist users of surface insulations by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the surface insulations.
It is not the intent of this classification to specify insulation requirements in terms of specific values of surface insulation resistance. Such requirements are to be agreed between the purchaser and the steel producer, where applicable.
The classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for cold rolled electrical steels (see Clause 2).
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IEC TR 63633:2025 provides information on safety related aspects relevant for the design and application of LED lamps that can be used as a replacement for lamps of different technology (for example, incandescent, fluorescent or HID).
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This document applies to portable residual current devices (PRCDs) for household and similar uses, consisting of a plug, a residual current device (RCD) and one or more socket-outlets or a provision for connection. They do not incorporate overcurrent protection. They are intended for single- and two-phase systems for rated currents not exceeding 16 A for rated voltages not exceeding 250 V AC, or for rated current not exceeding 32 A for rated voltages not exceeding 130 V AC to earth. They are intended to provide protection against shock hazard in case of direct contact, in addition to the protection provided by the fixed installations for the circuit downstream. PRCDs have a rated residual operating current not exceeding 0,03 A. The plug and socket-outlet parts of a PRCD are covered by the national standard of the country where the PRCD is placed on the market. If no national requirements exist, IEC 60884 1 is used. This document applies to portable devices performing simultaneously the functions of detection of the residual current, of comparison of the value of this current with the residual operating value and of opening of the protected circuit when the residual current exceeds this value. PRCDs providing an additional function of detecting faults on the supply side with a defined behaviour in case of supply failures or miswiring (PRCD-S) are also covered by this document. PRCDs are not intended to be used as parts of fixed installations. Their connecting means can be plugs, socket-outlets, terminals or cords. NOTE 1 The requirements for PRCDs are in compliance with the general requirements of IEC 60755. PRCDs are essentially intended to be operated by ordinary persons and designed not to require maintenance. NOTE 2 An integral fuse is used, if necessary, for the relevant plug and socket-outlet system. The switching contacts of the PRCDs are not intended to provide isolation, as isolation can be ensured by disconnecting the plug. The requirements of this document apply for environmental conditions as defined in 7.1. Additional requirements can be necessary for PRCDs used in locations having more severe environmental conditions. PRCDs including batteries are not covered by this document. This document does not contain additional requirements for PRCDs without earthing contacts for which specific requirements can apply. This document can, however, be used as a guide for such devices which are intended to be used with Class II appliances only.
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IEC 61643-11:2025 is applicable to devices for surge protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages.
These devices are intended to be connected to AC power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS, the preferred frequencies taken into account in this document are 50/60 Hz. Other frequencies are not excluded. Performance and safety requirements, tests and ratings are specified in this document. These devices contain at least one nonlinear component and are intended to limit surge voltages and divert surge currents.
The test requirements provided by this document are based on the assumption that the SPD is connected to an AC power circuit fed by a power source providing a linear voltage-current characteristic. When the SPD is to be connected to a different kind of source or to a different frequency, careful consideration is required. This mainly applies with regard to system and fault conditions to be expected in such a system (e.g. expected short circuit current, TOV-stresses).
This document can apply for railway applications, when related product standards do not exist for that area or for certain applications.
Based on a risk assessment it might not be necessary to apply all requirements of this document to SPDs designed for specific power applications only, e.g. circuits with a low power capability, circuits supplied by nonlinear sources, circuits with protective separation from the utility supply.
NOTE 1 More information on risk assessment is provided in IEC Guide 116.
NOTE 2 Other exclusions based on national regulations are possible.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Specific requirements for SPDs for AC applications are now contained in this document, whereas the common requirements for all SPDs are now contained in IEC 61643-01;
b) Clarification on test application either to a complete SPD, to a "mode of protection", or to a complete "SPD assembly";
c) Additional measurement of voltage protection level on "combined modes of protection" between live conductors and PE;
d) Additional duty test for T1 and T2 SPDs with follow current to check variation of the follow current value at lower impulse currents;
e) Modified and amended short circuit current test requirements to better cover up to date internal SPD disconnector technologies;
f) Improved dielectric test requirements for the SPD's main circuits and added dielectric test requirements for "electrically separated circuits";
g) Additional clearance requirements for "electrically separated circuits".
The requirements of this document supplement, modify or replace certain of the general requirements contained in IEC 61643-01 and shall be read and applied together with the latest edition of IEC 61643-01, as indicated by the undated normative reference in Clause 2 of this document.
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IEC 62024-1:2024 specifies the electrical characteristics and measuring methods for the nanohenry range chip inductor that is normally used in the high frequency (over 100 kHz) range.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of S parameter measurement;
b) addition of the inductance, Q-factor and impedance of an inductor which are measured by the reflection coefficient method with a network analyzer;
c) addition of the resonance frequency of an inductor which is measured by a two-port network analyzer;
d) addition of the mounting method for a surface mounting inductor with Pb-free solder.
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This document applies to portable residual current devices (PRCDs) for household and similar uses, consisting of a plug, a residual current device (RCD) and one or more socket-outlets or a provision for connection. They do not incorporate overcurrent protection. They are intended for single- and two-phase systems for rated currents not exceeding 16 A for rated voltages not exceeding 250 V AC. They are intended to provide protection against shock hazard in case of direct contact, in addition to the protection provided by the fixed installations for the circuit downstream. PRCDs have a rated residual operating current not exceeding 0,03 A. The plug and socket-outlet parts of a PRCD are covered by the national standard of the country where the PRCD is placed on the market. This document applies to portable devices performing simultaneously the functions of detection of the residual current, of comparison of the value of this current with the residual operating value and of opening of the protected circuit when the residual current exceeds this value. PRCDs providing an additional function of detecting faults on the supply side with a defined behaviour in case of supply failures or miswiring (PRCD-S) are also covered by this document. PRCDs are not intended to be used as parts of fixed installations. Their connecting means can be plugs, socket-outlets, terminals or cords. NOTE 1 The requirements for PRCDs are in compliance with the general requirements of IEC 60755. PRCDs are essentially intended to be operated by ordinary persons and designed not to require maintenance. NOTE 2 An integral fuse is used, if necessary, for the relevant plug and socket-outlet system. The switching contacts of the PRCDs are not intended to provide isolation, as isolation can be ensured by disconnecting the plug. The requirements of this document apply for environmental conditions as defined in 7.1. Additional requirements can be necessary for PRCDs used in locations having more severe environmental conditions. PRCDs including batteries are not covered by this document. This document does not contain additional requirements for PRCDs without earthing contacts for which specific requirements can apply. This document can, however, be used as a guide for such devices which are intended to be used with Class II appliances only.
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IEC 63522-10:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method for heating.
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IEC TS 60815-2:2025, which is a technical specification, is applicable for the selection of ceramic and glass insulators for AC systems, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in high-voltage systems with respect to pollution. This document applies to insulators for outdoor installation only.
This document gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments.
The basis for the structure and approach of this document is fully explained in IEC TS 60815-1.
The objective of this document is to give the user means to:
- determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) from site pollution severity (SPS) value or class;
- evaluate the suitability of different insulator profiles;
- determine the necessary USCD by applying corrections for insulator shape, size, position, etc. to the RUSCD;
- if required, determine the appropriate test methods and parameters to verify the performance of the selected insulators.
This second edition of IEC TS 60815-2, together with IEC TS 60815-1, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815-2 published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Some terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document, such as USCD, nominal creepage distance, RUSCD, creepage factor, insulator trunk, etc.;
b) From RUSCD of reference insulator to USCD of candidate insulator, the correction factors are introduced and revised, such as altitude correction, diameter correction, shed profile correction and parallel insulator number correction;
c) Profile suitability on ceramic and glass insulators was simplified.
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IEC 61116:2025 used as a guidance that applies to hydroelectric installations containing impulse or reaction turbines with unit power up to about 15 MW and reference diameter of about 3 m. These figures do not represent absolute limits.
This document deals only with the direct relations between the purchaser or the consulting engineer and the supplier. It does not deal with civil works, administrative conditions or commercial conditions. This document is intended to be used by all concerned in the installation of electromechanical equipment for small hydroelectric plants.
This document, based essentially on practical information, aims specifically at supplying the purchaser of the equipment with information which will assist him with the following:
preparation of the call for tenders;
- evaluation of the tenders;
- contact with the supplier during the design and manufacture of the equipment;
- quality control during the manufacture and shop-testing;
- follow-up of site erection;
- commissioning;
- acceptance tests;
- operation and maintenance.
The document comprises the following:
a) general requirements for the electromechanical equipment of small hydroelectric installations;
b) technical specifications for the electromechanical equipment, excluding its dimensioning and standardization;
c) requirements for acceptance, operation and maintenance
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) harmonization of scope with IEC 62006;
b) introduction of new technical aspects;
c) overall editorial revision.
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IEC TS 60815-3:2025, which is a technical specification, is applicable for the selection of polymeric insulators for AC systems, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in high voltage systems with respect to pollution. The specification applies to insulators for outdoor installation only.
This document gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environment.
The contents of this document are based on CIGRE TB 158 and CIGRE TB 361, which form a useful complement to this document for those wishing to study in greater depth the performance of insulators under pollution.
This document does not deal with the effects of snow or ice on polluted insulators. Although this subject is dealt with by CIGRE TB 158, current knowledge is very limited and practice is too diverse.
The objective of this document is to give the user means to
- determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) from site pollution severity (SPS) value or class,
- choose appropriate profiles,
- apply correction factors for altitude, insulator shape, size and position, etc. to the RUSCD.
This second edition of IEC TS 60815-3, together with IEC TS 60815-1, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815-3:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document;
b) From RUSCD of reference insulator to USCD of candidate insulator, the correction factors are introduced and revised, such as altitude correction, diameter correction, shed profile correction and - parallel insulator number correction;
d) The general guidance on materials is revised. The concept of hydrophobicity transfer and hydrophobicity transfer material (HTM) are introduced, recognising that a reduced creepage distance may be used for HTM insulators.
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IEC 60598-2-1:2025 specifies requirements for fixed general purpose luminaires for use with electric light sources on supply voltages not exceeding 1 000 V. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2020. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The clause numbers and structure have been aligned with those of IEC 60598‑1.
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IEC 63522-43:2025 This document is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of specimens to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document defines a standard test method for evaluation of appropriate materials having appropriate values of tracking resistance.
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IEC 63522-1:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of specimens to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage, and all aspects of operational use.
The object of this test is to define a standard test method for the visual inspection and check of dimensions.
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IEC 60034-30-1:2025 specifies efficiency classes for single-speed electric motors that are rated in accordance with IEC 60034‑1 or IEC 60079‑0 and are rated for operation on a sinusoidal either 50 Hz or 60 Hz, or both voltage supply.
The motors within this document:
- have a rated power PN from 0,12 kW to 1 000 kW;
- have a rated voltage UN from 50 V up to and including 1 000 V;
- have 2, 4, 6 or 8 poles;
- are capable of continuous operation at their rated power with a temperature rise within the specified insulation temperature class;
NOTE 1 Most motors covered by this document are rated for duty type S1 (continuous duty). However, some motors that are rated for other duty cycles are still capable of continuous operation at their rated power, and these motors are also covered by this document.
- are marked with any ambient temperature within the range of –30 °C to +60 °C;
NOTE 2 The rated efficiency and efficiency classes are based on 25 °C ambient temperature in accordance with IEC 60034‑2‑1.
NOTE 3 Motors exclusively rated for temperatures outside the range – 30 °C and +60 °C are considered to be of special construction and are consequently excluded from this document.
NOTE 4 Smoke extraction motors with a temperature class of up to and including 400 °C are covered by this document.
- are marked with an altitude up to 4 000 m above sea level.
NOTE 5 The rated efficiency and efficiency class are based on a rating for altitudes up to 1 000 m above sea level.
This document establishes a set of nominal efficiency values based on supply frequency, number of poles and motor output power. No distinction is made between motor technologies, supply voltage or motors with increased insulation designed specifically for converter operation even though not all motor technologies are capable of reaching the higher efficiency classes (see Table 1). This makes different motor technologies fully comparable with respect to their energy efficiency potential.
The efficiency of power-drive systems is not covered by this document. Motor losses due to harmonic content of the supply voltage, losses in cables, filters and frequency-converters, are not covered.
Motors with flanges, feet or shafts with mechanical dimensions different from IEC 60072‑1 are covered by this document.
Geared motors are covered by this document including those incorporating non-standard shafts and flanges.
This document does not apply to the following:
- Single-speed motors with 10 or more poles or multi-speed motors.
- Motors with mechanical commutators (such as DC motors).
- Motors completely integrated into a machine (for example pump, fan and compressor) that cannot be practically tested separately from the machine even with provision of a temporary end-shield and drive-end bearing. This means the motor: a) shares common components (apart from connectors such as bolts) with the driven unit (for example, a shaft or housing) and b) is not designed in such a way as to enable the motor to be separated from the driven unit as an entire motor that can operate independently of the driven unit. That is, for a motor to be excluded from this document, the process of separation shall render the motor inoperative.
- Totally enclosed air-over machines (TEAO, IC418), i.e. totally enclosed frame-surface cooled machines intended for exterior cooling by a ventilating means external to the machine. Efficiency testing of such motors can be performed with the fan removed and the cooling provided by an external blower with a similar airflow rate as the original fan.
- Motors with integrated frequency converters (compact drives) when the motor cannot be tested separately from the converter. Energy efficiency classification of compact drives is based on the complete product (PDS, ie. Power Drive System) and is defined in IEC 61800‑9‑2.
NOTE 6 A motor is not excluded when the motor and frequency-converter can be separated, and the motor can be tested independently of th
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IEC 62217:2025 is applicable to polymeric insulators for AC systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V (frequency less than 100 Hz) and DC systems with a nominal voltage greater than 1 500 V whose insulating body consists of one or various organic materials. Polymeric insulators covered by this document are intended for use both on HV overhead lines and in substations, in both indoor and outdoor applications. They include composite insulators with solid and hollow core and resin insulators. Hybrid insulators with ceramic core and polymeric housing are also included, while coated insulators (e.g. with RTV silicone rubber coatings) are not included in this standard. Electrical tests described in this document are done under AC voltage and are in general applicable to insulators to be used in DC systems too. Tests under DC voltage are intended to reflect up-to-date knowledge and experience. Only polymeric housing materials of hybrid insulators are specified in this document. Tests for core materials and the interfaces between housing and core of hybrid insulators are not included. The object of this document is - to define the common terms used for polymeric insulators; - to prescribe common test methods for design tests on polymeric insulators; - to prescribe acceptance or failure criteria, if applicable; These tests, criteria and recommendations are intended to ensure a satisfactory lifetime under normal operating and environmental conditions. This document includes design tests intended to reject materials or designs which are inadequate under normal operating and environmental conditions. This document defines test methods and acceptance criteria. The applicable tests are given in the relevant product standard. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The scope of the document is specified to comprise composite insulators with solid and hollow core and resin insulators used for both AC and DC systems in indoor and outdoor applications of HV overhead lines and substations; hybrid insulators (defined in IEC TS 62896) with ceramic core and polymeric housing are also included, while coated insulators (e.g. with Room Temperature Vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber coatings) are not considered in this document; b) Steep-front impulse voltage test is modified to avoid unwanted flashovers between the leads of the electrodes; c) Differences between hydrophobicity transfer material (HTM) and non-HTM housing materials are specified and relevant test methods and acceptance criteria for polymeric insulators with HTM housing are introduced; d) The previous water diffusion test on core materials with or without housing is split into two tests. One is on core materials without housing, the other is on core materials with housing. The acceptance criteria are modified; e) Stress corrosion test for core materials is introduced; f) Annex B summarizes the test application for evaluating the quality of interfaces and connections of end fittings, housing materials and core materials; g) Annex E is introduced to emphasize the need for control of electric fields of polymeric insulators for AC. The control of electric fields of polymeric insulators for DC is still under consideration.
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IEC 63616:2025 relates to a conductivity measurement method of thin metal films at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. This method has been developed to evaluate the conductivity of a metal foil used for adhering to a substrate or the interfacial conductivity of a metal layer formed on a dielectric substrate. It uses higher-order modes of a balanced-type circular disk resonator and provides broadband conductivity measurements by using a single resonator.
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IEC 60079-29-0:2025 specifies general requirements, test methods and acceptance criteria that apply to flammable, oxygen and toxic gas detection equipment intended to detect gases and vapours and to provide an indication, alarm or other output function for personnel or property protection in industrial and commercial applications.
This document applies to the following gas detection equipment:
– Gas detection equipment Type "FL" intended for the detection of flammable gases:
• Type FL-Group I, in mines susceptible to firedamp;
• Type FL-Group II, in locations other than mines susceptible to firedamp; and
• Type FL-OP, open path gas detection equipment for flammable gases.
– Gas detection equipment Type "O2" intended for the detection of Oxygen:
• Type O2-DE, detection of oxygen deficiency or oxygen enrichment; and
• Type O2-IN, inertisation as measuring function for explosion protection.
– Gas detection equipment Type "TX" intended for the detection of toxic gases:
• Type TX-SM, detection in areas for safety monitoring applications and typically using alarm signalling;
• Type TX-HM, occupational exposure measurement in the region of occupational exposure limit values; and
• Type TX-OP, open path gas detection equipment for toxic gases.
This document is not applicable to equipment:
– used for medical applications;
– used only in laboratories for analysis or measurement;
– used only for process monitoring or control purposes (such as a gas analyser);
– used in the domestic environment;
– used in environmental air pollution monitoring;
– used for flue gas analysis;
– used for sampling systems external to the gas detection equipment;
– with samplers and concentrators such as sorbents or paper tape having an irreversible indication;
– consisting of a passive optical receiver without a dedicated optical source;
– equipment within the scope of IEC 60335-2-40 and IEC 60335-2-89.
This first edition of IEC 60079-29-0 cancels and replaces the second edition of 60079-29-1 published in 2016 and its Amendment 1:2020, and the first edition of IEC 60079-29-4 published in 2009. In addition, IEC 60079-29-0 Type TX-SM cancels and replaces Type SM of the first edition of IEC 62990-1.
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IEC TR 63282-102:2025 assesses the existing technical requirements (by TC 64, TC 82, SyC LVDC) and close any gaps related to electric island LVDC power supply systems in rural or remote areas without electricity up to a maximum of 1 500 V only. Additionally, it covers the case of LVDC auxiliary power supply systems for ships.
Specific technical items for electric island LVDC systems are explained in this document. Rationale for the proposed voltage level, topology, power quality, etc. are given.
This document gives inputs to several TCs in charge of the standardization of different issues and coordinated by SyC LVDC.
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IEC 63382-1:2025 series specifies the management of distributed energy storage systems, composed of electrically chargeable vehicle batteries (ECV-DESS), which are handled by an aggregator/flexibility operator (FO) to provide energy flexibility services to grid operators.
IEC 63382-1:2025 describes the technical characteristics and architectures of ECV-DESS, including:
– EV charging stations configurations, comprising several AC-EVSEs and/or DC-EVSEs;
– individual EVs connected to grid via an EVSE and managed by an aggregator/FO.
The focus of this document is on the interface between the FO and the FCSBE and the data exchange at this interface, necessary to perform energy flexibility services (FS).
The data exchange between FO and FCSBE typically includes:
– flexibility service request and response;
– flexibility services parameters;
– EV charging station configuration and technical capabilities;
– credentials check of parties involved in the flexibility service;
– FS execution related notifications;
– event log, detailed service record, proof of work.
The exchange of credentials has the purpose to identify, authenticate and authorize the actors involved in the flexibility service transaction, to check the validity of a FS contract and to verify the technical capabilities of the system EV + CS, and conformity to applicable technical standards to provide the requested flexibility service.
This document also describes the technical requirements of ECV-DESS, the use cases, the information exchange between the EV charging station operator (CSO) and the aggregator/FO, including both technical and business data.
It covers many aspects associated to the operation of ECV-DESS, including:
– privacy issues consequent to GDPR application (general data protection regulation);
– cybersecurity issues;
– grid code requirements, as set in national guidelines, to include ancillary services, mandatory functions and remunerated services;
– grid functions associated to V2G operation, including new services, as fast frequency response;
– authentication/authorization/transactions relative to charging sessions, including roaming, pricing and metering information;
– management of energy transfers and reporting, including information interchange, related to power/energy exchange, contractual data, metering data;
– demand response, as smart charging (V1G).
It makes a distinction between mandatory grid functions and market driven services, taking into account the functions which are embedded in the FW control of DER smart inverters.
This document deals with use cases, requirements and architectures of the ECV-DESSs with the associated EV charging stations.
Some classes of energy flexibility services (FS) have been identified and illustrated in dedicated use cases:
– following a dynamic setpoint from FO;
– automatic execution of a droop curve provided by FO, according to local measurements of frequency, voltage and power;
– demand response tasks, stimulated by price signals from FO;
– fast frequency response.
Furthermore, some other more specific flexibility service use cases include:
– V2G for tertiary control with reserve market;
– V2H with dynamic pricing linked to the wholesale market price;
– distribution grid congestion by EV charging and discharging.
FS are performed under flexibility service contracts (FSC) which can be stipulated between:
– FO and EV owner (EVU or EV fleet manager);
– FO and CSP;
– FO and CSO.
Any flexibility service is requested by the aggregator/FO with a flexibility service request (FSR) communicated through the FCSBE interface to the available resources.
The actors EVU, CSO, CSP have always the right to choose opt-in or opt-out options in case of a FSR, unless it is mandatory for safety or grid stability reasons.
A use case shows how to discover flexibility service contract (FSC) holders.
This document describes many use cases, some of them are dedicated to special applications such as
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IEC 62196-1:2025 is applicable to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors, vehicle inlets, herein referred to as "accessories", and to cable assemblies for electric vehicles (EV) intended for use in conductive charging systems which incorporate control means, with a rated operating voltage not exceeding
- 690 V AC 50 Hz to 60 Hz, at a rated current not exceeding 250 A, and
- 1 500 V DC at a rated current not exceeding 800 A.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of new tests for latching devices and retaining means;
b) inclusion of type 4 accessories.
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IEC 62196-2:2025 applies to EV plugs, EV socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets with pins and contact-tubes of standardized configurations, herein referred to as "accessories". These accessories have a nominal rated operating voltage not exceeding 480 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, and a rated current not exceeding 63 A three phase or 70 A single phase, for use in conductive charging of electric vehicles.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2022. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of new tests for latching devices;
b) corrections to standard sheets.
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IEC TS 60815-1:2025 is applicable to the selection of insulators, and the determination of their relevant dimensions, to be used in outdoor high-voltage systems with respect to pollution. For the purposes of this technical specification series, the insulators are divided into the following broad categories, each dealt with in a specific part as follows:
- IEC TS 60815-2 – Ceramic and glass insulators for AC systems;
- IEC TS 60815-3 – Polymer insulators for AC systems;
- IEC TS 60815-4 – Insulators for DC systems.
This document provides general definitions, gives methods for the evaluation of site pollution severity (SPS) and outlines the principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments. The general principles described are applicable to both AC and DC systems. However, the applicability part mainly refers to AC. More information about DC can be found in IEC TS 60815-4.
This document is applicable to all types of external insulation, including insulation forming part of other apparatus. The term "insulator" is used hereafter to refer to any type of insulator.
The objective of this technical specification series is to:
- understand and identify parameters of the system, application, equipment and site influencing the pollution behaviour of insulators,
- understand and choose the appropriate approach to the design and selection of the insulator solution, based on available data, time and resources.
- characterise the type of pollution at a site and determine the site pollution severity (SPS) value and the SPS class,
- determine the reference unified specific creepage distance (RUSCD) of "reference" insulator based on the SPS class,
- select candidate insulators and determine corrections to apply to RUSCD to arrive at the USCD of the "candidate" insulators by taking into account their specific properties (notably their shed profiles), conditions of the site, the application and the type of system,
- evaluate the relative advantages and disadvantages of the possible solutions, using HTM or non-HTM insulators,
- assess the need and merits of "hybrid" solutions or mitigative measures.
The IEC 60815 series does not deal with the effects of ice and snow on polluted insulators.
CIGRE documents form a useful complement to this technical specification for those wishing to study in greater depth the performance of insulators under pollution.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC TS 60815‑1 published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) In the Scope, it is clarified that this specification is applicable to AC and DC conditions while it mainly refers to AC conditions. Detailed application indications refer to AC only. The RUSCD is determined based on the SPS class of reference insulators, and this document does not deal with the effects of ice and snow on polluted insulators;
b) Some terms and definitions are modified or introduced in this document, such as RUSCD, creepage factor, average diameter, SPS value and SPS class, hydrophobicity transfer and HTM, etc.;
c) Clause 5 is re-organized and revised regarding input parameters for the selection and dimensioning of insulators, including system requirements and environmental conditions;
d) Clause 6 "Determination of site pollution severity (SPS) class" is re-organized and re-written. A distinction was made between SPS value and SPS class. The measurement of pollution that is made on the de-energized reference insulator is valid for AC only;
e) A new pollution class, extremely heavy class f, is added. It is applicable only to the special situations of extremely heavy pollution when the RUSCD of class e cannot meet the requirements. The RUSCD value for class f is not specified;
f) The parameters of reference insulators were defined;
g) The pro
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IEC 61643-11:2025 is applicable to devices for surge protection against indirect and direct effects of lightning or other transient overvoltages. These devices are intended to be connected to AC power circuits and equipment rated up to 1 000 V RMS, the preferred frequencies taken into account in this document are 50/60 Hz. Other frequencies are not excluded. Performance and safety requirements, tests and ratings are specified in this document. These devices contain at least one nonlinear component and are intended to limit surge voltages and divert surge currents. The test requirements provided by this document are based on the assumption that the SPD is connected to an AC power circuit fed by a power source providing a linear voltage-current characteristic. When the SPD is to be connected to a different kind of source or to a different frequency, careful consideration is required. This mainly applies with regard to system and fault conditions to be expected in such a system (e.g. expected short circuit current, TOV-stresses). This document can apply for railway applications, when related product standards do not exist for that area or for certain applications. Based on a risk assessment it might not be necessary to apply all requirements of this document to SPDs designed for specific power applications only, e.g. circuits with a low power capability, circuits supplied by nonlinear sources, circuits with protective separation from the utility supply. NOTE 1 More information on risk assessment is provided in IEC Guide 116. NOTE 2 Other exclusions based on national regulations are possible. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Specific requirements for SPDs for AC applications are now contained in this document, whereas the common requirements for all SPDs are now contained in IEC 61643-01; b) Clarification on test application either to a complete SPD, to a "mode of protection", or to a complete "SPD assembly"; c) Additional measurement of voltage protection level on "combined modes of protection" between live conductors and PE; d) Additional duty test for T1 and T2 SPDs with follow current to check variation of the follow current value at lower impulse currents; e) Modified and amended short circuit current test requirements to better cover up to date internal SPD disconnector technologies; f) Improved dielectric test requirements for the SPD's main circuits and added dielectric test requirements for "electrically separated circuits"; g) Additional clearance requirements for "electrically separated circuits". The requirements of this document supplement, modify or replace certain of the general requirements contained in IEC 61643-01 and shall be read and applied together with the latest edition of IEC 61643-01, as indicated by the undated normative reference in Clause 2 of this document.
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IEC 61116:2025 used as a guidance that applies to hydroelectric installations containing impulse or reaction turbines with unit power up to about 15 MW and reference diameter of about 3 m. These figures do not represent absolute limits. This document deals only with the direct relations between the purchaser or the consulting engineer and the supplier. It does not deal with civil works, administrative conditions or commercial conditions. This document is intended to be used by all concerned in the installation of electromechanical equipment for small hydroelectric plants. This document, based essentially on practical information, aims specifically at supplying the purchaser of the equipment with information which will assist him with the following: preparation of the call for tenders; - evaluation of the tenders; - contact with the supplier during the design and manufacture of the equipment; - quality control during the manufacture and shop-testing; - follow-up of site erection; - commissioning; - acceptance tests; - operation and maintenance. The document comprises the following: a) general requirements for the electromechanical equipment of small hydroelectric installations; b) technical specifications for the electromechanical equipment, excluding its dimensioning and standardization; c) requirements for acceptance, operation and maintenance This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1992. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) harmonization of scope with IEC 62006; b) introduction of new technical aspects; c) overall editorial revision.
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IEC 60079-28:2025 specifies additional requirements for Ex Equipment, Ex associated equipment or Ex Components containing optical systems emitting optical radiation, which is exposed to explosive atmospheres. These additional requirements are applicable for all equipment groups and all Equipment Protection Levels (EPL).
This document contains requirements for optical radiation in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 10 µm. It covers the following ignition mechanisms:
• Optical radiation is absorbed by surfaces or particles, causing them to heat up, and under certain circumstances this might allow them to attain a temperature which will ignite a surrounding explosive atmosphere.
• In rare special cases, direct laser induced breakdown of the gas at the focus of a strong beam, producing plasma and a shock wave both eventually acting as ignition source. These processes can be supported by a solid material close to the breakdown point.
• Annex A provides guidance when considering ignition mechanisms that influence the hazard of optics in explosive atmospheres.
This document applies to
a) laser equipment; and
b) optical fibre equipment; and
c) any optical system that converts light into convergent beams with focal points within the hazardous area only.
This document does not apply to:
d) laser equipment for EPL Mb, Gb, Gc, Db or Dc applications which complies with Class 1 limits in accordance with IEC 60825-1; or
e) Single or multiple optical fibre cables not part of optical fibre equipment if the cables:
1) comply with the relevant industrial standards for optical fibre cables, along with additional protective means, for example robust cabling, conduit or raceway (for EPL Gb, Db, Mb, Gc or Dc); or
2) comply with the relevant industrial standards for optical fibre cables (for EPL Gc or Dc); or
f) Optical radiation sources as defined in i) to iii) above where the optical radiation is fully contained in an enclosure complying with one of the following Types of Protection suitable for the EPL, or the minimum ingress protection rating specified:
1) flameproof "d" enclosures (IEC 60079-1); or
2) pressurized "p" enclosures (IEC 60079-2); or
3) restricted breathing "nR" enclosure (IEC 60079-15); or
4) dust protection "t" enclosures" (IEC 60079-31); or
5) an enclosure that provides a minimum ingress protection of IP 6X and where no internal absorbers are to be expected and complying with "Tests of enclosures" in IEC 60079-0.
This document does not cover ignition by ultraviolet radiation and by absorption of the radiation in the explosive mixture itself. Explosive absorbers or absorbers that contain their own oxidizer as well as catalytic absorbers are also outside the scope of this document.
This document supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0. Where a requirement of this document conflicts with a requirement of IEC 60079-0, the requirement of this document takes precedence.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision
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IEC 62683-2-2:2025 specifies the building information modelling (BIM) with the physical characteristics and technical services of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies to be used mainly for the construction phase of the building and also for delivering data for operation.
This document covers all types of assemblies covered by the IEC 61439 series which can be installed in a building.
Busbar trunking systems defined by IEC 61439-6 are under consideration for a next edition.
These BIM object models, registered in IEC CDD, are intended to supply the process defined by ISO 16739 series.
This document does not cover:
– the build-in components included within the assembly such as switchgear and controlgear,
– safety related control system of machinery,
– the detailed electrical and mechanical configuration of the assembly
– logistic information.
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IEC 62561-2:2025 specifies the requirements and tests for
- metallic conductors (other than "natural" conductors) that form part of the air-termination and down-conductor systems, and
- metallic earth electrodes that form part of the earth-termination system.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definitions of new conductor types mentioned in this document have been added;
b) the document has been updated in line with IEC 60068-2-52:2017 on salt mist treatment;
c) the document has been updated in line with ISO 22479:2019 on humid sulphurous atmosphere treatment;
d) a new normative Annex H for material, configuration and cross-sectional area test has been introduced;
e) a new normative Annex I for applicability of previous tests has been introduced.
f) equipotential earth grid has been introduced.
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IEC 62386-351:2025 is applicable to control devices to be used in, on, or attached to, a luminaire. This document builds on the digital addressable lighting interface as specified in the IEC 62386 series of standards, by adding specific requirements for power consumption, integrated bus and AUX power supplies, a mechanism to arbitrate between multiple application controllers, and a memory bank definition for multi-master devices.
This document is only applicable to control devices complying with IEC 62386‑103.
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IEC 63522-33:2025 This part of IEC 63522 is used for testing all kind of electrical relays and for evaluating their ability to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
This document provides test methods to ensure that the connection between an earthing terminal and parts required to be connected thereto is of low resistance.
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IEC 63522-1:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of specimens to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage, and all aspects of operational use. The object of this test is to define a standard test method for the visual inspection and check of dimensions.
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IEC 63522-10:2025 is used for testing along with the appropriate severities and conditions for measurements and tests designed to assess the ability of DUTs to perform under expected conditions of transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use. This document defines a standard test method for heating.
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This document applies to conductor car that are used to access overhead line conductors, shield wires or shield wires with integrated communication systems to undertake work involving rectification of defects and/or installing components and fittings. This document covers also bicycle type access equipment where it is applicable.
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