SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
(Main)Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology
This Technical Report defines terms commonly used in the field of membrane bioreactor technology.
This document aims at submerged MBR systems for the treatment of municipal wastewater with MBR Separate Systems and MBR Integrated Systems.
This document establishes general principles for MBR filtration systems interchangeability between different MBR filtration systems from different manufacturers.
Getauchte Membranbelebungsreaktor (MBR) Technologie
Technologie MBR - Bioréacteurs à membrane immergée
Tehnologija potopnega membranskega bioreaktorja (MBR)
Ta evropski standard določa sistem za klasifikacijo tehnik brez izkopa za obnovo, popravilo in zamenjavo na istih vodih in kanalih zunaj stavb, ki delujejo s pomočjo gravitacije ali tlaka, vključno s cevmi, priključki in jaški. Določa in opisuje družine tehnik in njihove različne splošne metode ter uporabljene materiale.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za zamenjavo s tehniko odprtih jarkov v skladu s standardom EN 1610 ter za izvedbo in preskušanje vodov in kanalov brez izkopa v obliki nove izvedbe izven obstoječega voda ali kanala v skladu s standardom EN 12889.
Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za specifikacijo zahtev glede specifičnih izdelkov.
Za vsako družino tehnik navaja ustrezne obstoječe standarde, materiale in uporabe ter opisuje tehnične značilnosti, vključno z vidiki namestitve, strukturnimi in hidravličnimi sposobnostmi ter vplivom na mesto cevovoda.
Ta standard se ne uporablja za nobeno delo, ki je potrebno na obstoječi cevi pred prenovo, popravilom ali zamenjavo.
Ta evropski standard vsebuje informacije, ki so potrebne za določitev optimalne tehnike v povezavi z danim naborom ciljev glede prenove, popravila ali zamenjave.
OPOMBA: Načrtovalec je odgovoren za izbiro in načrtovanje sistema za obnovo in popravilo.
Dokument ne določa računske metode za določanje, za vsako izvedljivo tehniko, potrebne količine materiala, ki je potreben za zagotovitev želene učinkovitosti cevovoda, ki bo obnovljen.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
01-januar-2019
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CWA 15897:2013
Tehnologija potopnega membranskega bioreaktorja (MBR)
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology
Getauchte Membranbelebungsreaktor (MBR) Technologie
Technologie MBR - Bioréacteurs à membrane immergée
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15897:2018
ICS:
13.060.30 Odpadna voda Sewage water
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
November 2018
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 13.060.30 Supersedes CWA 15897:2008
English Version
Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology
Technologie MBR - Bioréacteurs à membrane Getauchte Membranbelebungsreaktor (MBR)
immergée Technologie
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 4 April 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 165.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15897:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General system — requirements. 12
4.1 Basic considerations . 12
4.2 Pre-treatment and internal sieving . 14
4.3 Characteristics of biological systems used in MBR plants . 15
4.3.1 General. 15
4.3.2 Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) . 15
4.3.3 Hydraulic retention time (HRT (or detention time)) . 15
4.3.4 Sludge age (or sludge retention time (SRT)) . 15
4.3.5 Chemical phosphorus removal . 15
4.3.6 Aeration . 15
4.4 Membrane filtration system . 15
4.5 Mixed liquor recirculation. 17
4.6 Permeate extraction system . 17
4.7 Desired effluent system . 17
5 Material characteristics . 18
5.1 General. 18
5.2 Porous membranes . 18
6 Configuration . 18
6.1 Flat Sheet . 18
6.2 Hollow fibre . 19
7 Design and operating parameters . 19
7.1 General. 19
7.2 Influent characteristics . 19
7.3 Fouling . 20
7.4 Transmembrane pressure . 20
7.5 Permeability . 21
7.6 Integrity . 21
8 Acceptance, commissioning and monitoring tests . 21
9 Information and documentation . 22
10 Interchangeability . 22
10.1 Principle . 22
10.2 General. 22
10.3 Process flow diagram (PFD) . 23
10.4 Scope of supply . 25
10.5 Interchangeability aspects . 25
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
10.5.1 General . 25
10.5.2 Membrane type. 26
10.5.3 Layout . 26
10.5.4 Tank . 26
10.5.5 Draining and flushing . 28
10.5.6 Integrity check . 29
10.5.7 Accessibility and maintainability . 29
10.5.8 Chemical cleaning . 29
10.5.9 Process control system (PLC) . 30
Annex A (normative) Information and documentation . 34
Annex B (informative) Example for clean water permeability test . 38
B.1 Abstract . 38
B.2 Materials and methods . 38
B.2.1 Measuring apparatus . 38
B.2.2 Measuring procedure . 39
Annex C (informative) Example for vacuum leak test . 40
C.1 Abstract . 40
C.2 Materials and methods . 40
C.2.1 Measuring apparatus . 40
C.2.2 Measuring procedure . 41
Annex D (informative) Example for pore diameter measurement . 42
D.1 Abstract . 42
D.2 Materials and methods . 42
D.2.1 Latex solution . 42
D.2.2 Measuring apparatus . 43
D.2.3 Measuring procedure . 43
Annex E (informative) Paper filtration measurement . 45
E.1 Objective . 45
E.2 Measuring method . 45
Annex F (informative) Impact of pore size distribution on membrane fouling . 47
Bibliography . 48
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15897:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165
“Wastewater engineering”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document is based on the CWA 15897:2008, Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology
which was prepared by the CEN Workshop 34 – 'Submerged' Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology.
This document supersedes CWA 15897:2008.
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
Introduction
This document deals with custom designed MBR systems for more than 500 PT. It became clear that it is
not possible to have interchangeable membrane modules without considering a complete system. So
this led to the conclusion that this document deals with the entire membrane system rather than the
membrane modules alone.
It was realized that today’s market is a growing one with fast developments in membrane technology.
Standards might be too early and may hamper the technological development. So it was decided at this
stage to create a basic document for submerged MBR technology by means of a Technical Report.
Regarding interchangeability of MBR systems, this document especially focuses on separate membrane
tanks as there is a tendency that large MBR systems (more than 10 000 m3/d) are designed with
separated membrane tanks.
Although there are differences between hollow fibre and flat sheet membrane manufacturers’ designs,
it is believed that there is no need for separate guidelines because these are focused on membrane
tanks. Furthermore, it is clear that interchangeability between hollow fibre membrane systems is not so
easy and the same is true for flat sheet membrane systems. Thus, producing two sets of guidelines
would be of no real benefit to interchangeability.
5
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
1 Scope
This Technical Report defines terms commonly used in the field of membrane bioreactor technology.
This document aims at submerged MBR systems for the treatment of municipal wastewater with MBR
Separate Systems and MBR Integrated Systems.
This document establishes general principles for MBR filtration systems interchangeability between
different MBR filtration systems from different manufacturers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12255-11, Wastewater treatment plants - Part 11: General data required
EN 16323, Glossary of wastewater engineering terms
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16323 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE Some manufacturers may use different terms for their products, but nevertheless the following terms
and definitions are used in this document.
3.1
backwashing
backflush
backpulse
short-term reversal of the flow direction through the membrane in intervals to remove the particles
accumulated during the filtration process (covering layer), usually with permeate
3.2
biofouling
development of a biofilm on the membrane surface or in the membrane due to the growth of micro-
organisms
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Biofouling causes a reduction of the performance or the permeability (see also fouling and
scaling).
6
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
Key
a
W irreversible cake layer adsorption, compaction precipitation, inclusion
of colloids, etc.
b
X pore blocking particle diameter approximately Pore diameter
c
Y inner pore adsorption permeable substances with affinity to membrane
material
d
Z biofouling microorganisms in film consisting of EPS
Figure 1 — Principle of biofouling
3.3
cleaning interval
interval of time between successive cleanings
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the manufacturer there might be different types of cleanings (see 3.26 and 3.34).
3.4
clogging
accumulation of solids within the membrane system
3.5
concentrate
partial flow of the material mixture in which the activated sludge retained by the membrane is
concentrated
Note 1 to entry: It is usually recycled as return sludge into the activated sludge tank.
3.6
covering layer
accumulation of substances retained by the membrane surface
3.7
cross flow
transverse flow which develops at the membrane surface and serves to control fouling
Note 1 to entry: The term cross flow comes from the configuration of the dry-arranged membrane systems
operated in a pressure vessel. During this process, the membranes are subjected to liquid flows parallel to the
surface that limit the development of a covering layer on the membrane surface.
7
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
3.8
cross flow aeration
aeration required to induce cross flow
Note 1 to entry: As a result of the two-phase flow, the effective mechanisms clearly differ from the principle of
classic crossflow operation of pressure tube systems with inside flow.
3 2
Note 2 to entry: The cross flow aeration flow rate per unit membrane surface area is expressed in Nm /m /h.
3.9
cycle
temporal sum of filtration phase and following backwashing phase and/or relaxation phase
3.10
Dalton
Da
molecular mass relative to that of a hydrogen atom
3.11
feed flow
flow to the membrane bioreactor system at the inlet of the aeration tank
3.12
filament
single hollow fibre or capillary tube
3.13
flux
specific filtrate volume per unit surface area per time unit
2
Note 1 to entry: The flux is expressed in litres per square metres of membrane surface area, per hour, [l/(m h)].
In some cases the abbreviation LMH is used.
3.14
flux, instantaneous
flux, gross
actual flux during filtration
3.15
flux, net
overall flux achieved during the filtration cycle including periods of filtration and relaxation and/or
backwashing
8
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
3.16
flux, corrected
flux viscosity-corrected for temperature
Note 1 to entry: The water temperature has a major impact on the maximum allowable flux, due to the fact that
the transmembrane pressure (TMP) is theoretically proportional to the water viscosity.
Note 2 to entry: The following equation gives a good approximate value of the viscosity vs. temperature:
ν
t
=0,3804+−0,1696 * EXP(0,040*(20 t)
ν
20
Where
ν is the water viscosity at t °C
t
ν is the water viscosity at 20 °C
20
3.17
flux, critical
flux below which permeability decline is considered negligible
3.18
flux, sustainable
flux for which the transmembrane pressure increases gradually at an acceptable rate, such that
chemical cleaning is not necessary
3.19
fouling
deposition of existing solid material in the feed stream on the element of the membrane at or in the
pores
Note 1 to entry: Fouling can either be reversible or irreversible.
Note 2 to entry: Depending on the material involved, a distinction can be made between organic fouling, inorganic
fouling and biofouling. Fouling always results in a reduction of the performance or the permeability of the
membrane (see also biofouling and scaling).
3.20
lumen
interior of a hollow fibre membrane
3.21
maintenance cleaning
cleaning with low concentrations of chemicals to maintain membrane permeability
Note 1 to entry: Maintenance cleaning is usually carried out in situ.
Note 2 to entry: Maintenance cleaning uses less aggressive procedures and/or chemicals than recovery cleaning.
3.22
MBR integrated system
system where the membranes are placed in the aeration tank
9
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
3.23
MBR Separate System
system where the membranes are placed in the separate membrane tank
Note 1 to entry: See 3.35.
3.24
membrane element
smallest unit of operation typically combined in assemblies known as modules, units, racks or cassettes
Note 1 to entry: A membrane element could also be called a panel or cartridge.
3.25
membrane area
feed side area of the membranes
2
Note 1 to entry: The membrane area is expressed in m .
3.26
membrane packing density
membrane area per unit volume of a membrane assembly
2 3
Note 1 to entry: The membrane packing density is expressed in m /m .
3.27
panel
flat sheet membrane element
3.28
permeate
filtrate
portion of the feed stream that passes through the membrane
3.29
permeability
property of a material characterising its ability to selectively permit substances to pass through it
2
Note 1 to entry: The permeability is expressed in l/(m ·h·bar).
Note 2 to entry: The permeability can be corrected to a reference temperature in order to allow a more accurate
comparison of values.
3.30
permeability, corrected
permeability corrected for the effect of temperature on viscosity
2
Note 1 to entry: The corrected permeability is expressed in l/(m ·h·bar) considering a reference temperature.
10
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
3.31
pore diameter
pore size
size of the pores in the membrane
Note 1 to entry: As a rule, the pores are not uniform, i.e. they show a relatively wide pore size distribution.
Note 2 to entry: The pore diameter with a maximum in pore size distribution is called the nominal pore diameter.
Note 3 to entry: The pore diameter is expressed in μm.
Note 4 to entry: The maximum pore diameter can be determined with the help of the bubble point method
according to DIN 58355-2, which is used to determine the pressure required to extrude the first air bubbles
through the membrane. The maximum pore diameter is then calculated by means of a formula.
3.32
recovery cleaning
intensive cleaning
cleaning with high concentrations of chemicals to recover membrane permeability
Note 1 to entry: Recovery cleaning is either carried out in situ or in a separate cleaning tank.
3.33
relaxation
ceasing permeation whilst continuing to scour the membrane with air bubbles
3.34
scaling
precipitation of inorganic solids in or on the membranes
3.35
separate membrane tank
membrane tank
filtration tank
separate basin containing submerged membranes where the primary function is filtration
Note 1 to entry: The volume of the separate membrane tank filled with mixed liquor can be considered as
biological treatment volume.
3.36
surface porosity
percentage of the membrane surface occupied by the pores
3.37
transmembrane pressure
TMP
pressure loss across the membrane
Note 1 to entry: The transmembrane pressure is expressed in kPa or bar. For practical measurement see 7.4. In
practice this measurement includes losses attributable to the hydrodynamics of the system.
11
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
3.38
viscosity
property of a fluid to resist internal movements (turbulences) or global movements (flowing)
Note 1 to entry: Viscosity contributes to pressure loss in water flowing in pipes or through membranes.
There are two types of viscosities:
— dynamic (or absolute) viscosity μ (Pa·s);
µ
2
— kinematic viscosity ν= (m /s).
ρ
Where
3
Ρ is the specific gravity of the fluid (kg/m ).
3.39
clean water permeability
corrected permeability of membrane in clean water
4 General system — requirements
4.1 Basic considerations
Possible negative effects on MBR system performance can arise from:
— fibres and/or hair;
— organic solvents;
— fats, oils and greases;
— synthetic polymers;
— limited biodegradability;
— temperature;
— abrasive substances (e.g. sand);
— silicon;
— calcium;
— alkalinity;
— flow (sewer infiltration);
— type of sewer system;
— unwanted short-circuiting of raw, untreated wastewater directly to the membrane.
12
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
In the case of severe negative effects predictable from the wastewater characteristics - especially in the
case of unfavourable COD/BOD ratios and of industrial wastewater fractions - a feasibility membrane
test should be carried out to assess the suitability of the membrane bioreactor process. The aims of such
a test are to evaluate the principal filterability and to estimate the filtration performance over time.
Whereas for reverse osmosis a simple parameter such as SDI (silt density index) is used to evaluate the
feasibility of the process application, such a parameter does not exist for membrane bioreactors. The
main difference is that for membrane bioreactors the feed is activated sludge and not the raw
wastewater. Thus the feasibility test has to be conducted with activated sludge as the raw wastewater
characteristics are of limited use. As membrane fouling interactions are always dependent on the
properties of a fouled membrane, a prediction of membrane filterability based on the characteristics of
a clean/new membrane is unreliable.
Comparative pilot-scale tests are the most reliable means of predicting the suitability of membrane
bioreactors for a specific wastewater. Under the given wastewater conditions the comparative studies
should be directed towards resolving the following issues (adopted from [13]):
— functionality and performance of the membrane (peak flux, critical or sustainable flux);
— biological treatment (COD removal, nitrogen removal, phosphorus removal, sludge characteristics);
— membrane fouling (TMP evolution, fouling rate);
— achievable effluent quality;
— system operability;
— cleaning procedures.
Even if bench-scale or pilot-scale tests were performed the relative contribution of biomass
supernatant to the overall membrane fouling varies in a wide range from 17 % to 81 % [7] and
emphasizes the need of a comparable protocol to minimize the impact of differing test conditions.
Because of different module designs general specifications of applicable pilot plants are impractical.
Therefore because of a well-established membrane bioreactor market with several suppliers [6] the
know-how of the suppliers should be used for the design and operation of the pilot plants.
The following criteria have been recommended [13] for the pre-selection of membrane suppliers for a
comparative pilot-scale test series:
— world-wide experience with full-scale applications of membrane bioreactor technology;
— expected technical suitability for application of the membranes for the given wastewater and the
given circumstances;
— future membrane production capacity and pricing;
— liability of the companies involved.
The full self-supporting and independent pilot plants should be equipped with all features necessary for
automatic operation including data collection and processing. The size of the pilot plants should be
according to the prerequisite of a representative scale [13]. The use of a standard full-scale membrane
module is necessary for reliable results.
Prior to the start-up of an installed membrane bioreactor the clean water permeability (PWP) and the
membrane integrity should be determined. These two parameters are reliable tools for the quality
control and the monitoring of the membrane status during the life-time by the end-users.
13
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15897:2019
CEN/TR 15897:2018 (E)
4.2 Pre-treatment and internal sieving
In order to keep a safe operation of MBR, advanced mechanical pre-treatment (AMP) of the wastewater
is necessary that exceeds the standard metho
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.