kSIST FprEN IEC 60691:2022
(Main)Thermal-links - Requirements and application guide
Thermal-links - Requirements and application guide
IEC 60691:2023 is available as IEC 60691:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60691:2023 is applicable to thermal-links intended for incorporation in electrical appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended for use indoors, in order to protect them against excessive temperatures under abnormal conditions.
NOTE 1 The equipment is not designed to generate heat.
NOTE 2 The effectiveness of the protection against excessive temperatures logically depends upon the position and method of mounting of the thermal-link, as well as upon the current which it is carrying.
This document may be applicable to thermal-links for use under conditions other than indoors, provided that the climatic and other circumstances in the immediate surroundings of such thermal-links are comparable with those in this standard.
This document may be applicable to thermal-links in their simplest forms (e.g. melting strips or wires), provided that molten materials expelled during function cannot adversely interfere with the safe use of the equipment, especially in the case of hand-held or portable equipment, irrespective of its position.
Temperatursicherungen - Anforderungen und Anwendungshinweise
Protecteurs thermiques - Exigences et guide d'application
IEC 60691:2023 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60691:2023 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 60691:2023 s'applique aux protecteurs thermiques destinés à être incorporés dans les appareils électriques, le matériel électronique et ses composants, normalement utilisés en intérieur, afin de les protéger contre les températures excessives lors de conditions anormales.
NOTE 1 Le matériel n'est pas prévu pour produire de la chaleur.
NOTE 2 L'efficacité de la protection contre les températures excessives dépend logiquement de la position et du mode de montage du protecteur thermique ainsi que du courant qui le traverse.
Le présent document peut s'appliquer aux protecteurs thermiques utilisés dans d'autres conditions que celles qui sont réunies en intérieur, tant que les conditions climatiques ou autres de l'environnement immédiat de tels protecteurs thermiques sont comparables à celles de la présente norme.
Termični taljivi vložki - Zahteve in navodilo za uporabo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60691:2022
01-marec-2022
Termični taljivi vložki - Zahteve in navodilo za uporabo
Thermal-links - Requirements and application guide
Temperatursicherungen - Anforderungen und Anwendungshinweise
Protecteurs thermiques - Exigences et guide d'application
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60691:2022
ICS:
29.120.50 Varovalke in druga Fuses and other overcurrent
nadtokovna zaščita protection devices
oSIST prEN IEC 60691:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 60691:2022
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oSIST prEN IEC 60691:2022
32C/598/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60691 ED5
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-01-28 2022-04-22
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
32C/579A/CD, 32C/595/CC
IEC SC 32C : MINIATURE FUSES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
China Mr Jianqiang Zou
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:
Thermal-links - Requirements and application guide
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2024
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
The markup of changes indicate the revision compared to the CD document (32C/579A/CD).
Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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1 CONTENTS
2 FOREWORD . 4
3 INTRODUCTION . 6
4 1 Scope . 7
5 2 Normative references . 7
6 3 Terms and definitions . 8
7 4 General requirements . 10
8 5 General notes on tests . 10
9 6 Classification . 12
10 6.1 Electrical conditions . 12
11 6.2 Thermal conditions . 13
12 6.3 Resistance to tracking. 13
13 7 Marking . 13
14 8 Documentation . 14
15 9 Constructional requirements . 15
16 9.1 General . 15
17 9.2 Lead secureness tests . 16
18 9.2.1 General . 16
19 9.2.2 Tensile test . 16
20 9.2.3 Thrust test . 16
21 9.2.4 Bending/twist test . 16
22 9.3 Contacts used for the current path . 17
23 9.4 Accessible mounting brackets or metal parts . 18
24 9.5 Insulating materials . 18
25 9.6 Resistance to tracking. 18
26 9.7 Creepage distances and clearances. 18
27 9.8 Temperature and humidity cycle conditioning . 19
28 9.9 Terminals and terminations . 19
29 10 Electrical requirements . 20
30 10.1 Dielectric strength . 20
31 10.2 Insulation resistance . 20
32 10.3 Interrupting current . 21
33 10.3.1 General . 21
34 10.3.2 Specific conditions . 21
35 10.4 Transient overload current . 22
36 10.5 Limited short-circuit test . 23
37 10.5.1 General . 23
38 10.5.2 Test method . 23
39 10.5.3 Fuse size (rating). 24
40 10.5.4 Compliance . 24
41 11 Temperature tests . 24
42 11.1 General . 24
43 11.2 Holding temperature, T . 25
h
44 11.3 Rated functioning temperature, T . 25
f
45 11.4 Maximum temperature limit, T . 25
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46 11.5 Ageing . 26
47 12 Resistance to rusting . 26
48 13 Manufacturer’s validation programme . 27
49 Annex A (normative) Application guide . 28
50 Annex B (normative) Alternative ageing test for thermal-links with T greater than
h
51 250 °C for use in electric irons . 29
52 Annex C (normative) Conductive heat ageing test . 30
53 C.1 Conductive heat ageing test . 30
54 C.2 Method . 30
55 C.3 Ageing . 31
56 C.4 Results . 32
57 C.5 Dielectric strength test . 32
58 C.6 Test oven . 32
59 Annex D (informative) Extended holding temperature evaluation . 34
60 D.1 Extended holding temperature conditioning test . 34
61 D.2 Load current interrupt test . 34
62 Annex E (normative) Seal ageing test . 36
63 Annex F (normative) Identification requirements . 38
64 Annex G (normative) Indelibility of markings . 39
65 Annex H (normative) Requirements for thermal-link packaged assemblies . 40
66 Bibliography . 45
67
68 Figure 1 – Bending/twist test . 17
69 Figure C.1 – Typical test fixture assembly . 32
70 Figure C.2 – Typical thermal-link test oven . 33
71 Figure D.1 – Typical terminal block support test fixture . 35
72 Figure E.1 – Conditioning time versus oven temperature for proposed temperature
73 index . 37
74 Figure G.1 – Apparatus for testing durability of markings . 39
75
76 Table 1 – Test schedule . 12
77 Table 2 – Strength of leads and terminal parts – Minimum required tensile and thrust
78 test forces . 17
79 Table 3 – Creepage distances and clearances (absolute minimum values) . 19
80 Table 4 – Test voltages for dielectric strength . 20
81 Table 5 – Test current for interrupting test . 21
82 Table 6 – Limited short-circuit test capacity . 23
83 Table H.1 – Push and pull force . 41
84 Table H.2 – Minimum nominal cross-sectional area of conductor . 42
85
86
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87 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
88 ____________
89
90 THERMAL-LINKS –
91 REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATION GUIDE
92
93 FOREWORD
94 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
95 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
96 international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
97 this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
98 Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
99 Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
100 in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
101 governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
102 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
103 agreement between the two organizations.
104 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
105 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
106 interested IEC National Committees.
107 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
108 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
109 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
110 misinterpretation by any end user.
111 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
112 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
113 between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
114 the latter.
115 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
116 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
117 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
118 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
119 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
120 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
121 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
122 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
123 Publications.
124 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
125 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
126 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
127 patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
DISCLAIMER
This Consolidated version is not an official IEC Standard and has been prepared for
user convenience. Only the current versions of the standard and its amendment(s)
are to be considered the official documents.
128 This Consolidated version of IEC 60691 bears the edition number 4.1. It consists of the
129 fourth edition (2015-10) [documents 32C/512/FDIS and 32C/515/RVD] and its
130 corrigendum (2016-08), and its amendment 1 (2019-01) [documents 32C/548/FDIS and
131 32C/559/RVD]. The technical content is identical to the base edition and its amendment.
132 In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
133 is modified by amendment 1. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough
134 red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
135 publication.
136
137
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138 International Standard IEC 60691 has been prepared by subcommittee 32C: Miniature fuses,
139 of IEC technical committee 32: Fuses.
140 This fifth edition constitutes a technical revision.
141 This fifth edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the
142 previous edition:
143 a) requirements for thermal-link packaged assemblies;
144 b) renew the requirements and definitions for T -test;
h
145 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
146 The basis for this standard is the harmonization of the USA national standard, UL 1020, fifth
147 edition (withdrawn 2003), and IEC 60691:1993, together with its Amendment 1:1995 and
148 Amendment 2:2000.
149 The following differing practices of a less permanent nature exist in the country indicated
150 below:
151 – Annex C is required to be declared in the USA;
152 – Annex E is required in the USA, if applicable;
153 – Annex F is required to be declared in the USA.
154 In this standard, the following type is used:
155 – compliance statements: in italic type.
156 The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
157 remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
158 "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
159 publication will be
160 • reconfirmed,
161 • withdrawn,
162 • replaced by a revised edition, or
163 • amended.
164
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
165
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166 INTRODUCTION
167 Thermal-links, defined as non-resettable devices functioning once only without refunctioning,
168 are widely applied for the thermal protection of equipment in which, under fault (abnormal)
169 conditions, one or more parts may reach hazardous temperatures.
170 As these devices have several aspects in common with miniature fuse-links and are used for
171 obtaining a comparable degree of protection, this standard has endeavoured to lay down a
172 number of basic requirements for such devices.
173
174
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175 THERMAL-LINKS –
176 REQUIREMENTS AND APPLICATION GUIDE
177
178
179
180 1 Scope
181 This International Standard is applicable to thermal-links intended for incorporation in
182 electrical appliances, electronic equipment and component parts thereof, normally intended
183 for use indoors, in order to protect them against excessive temperatures under abnormal
184 conditions.
185 NOTE 1 The equipment is not designed to generate heat.
186 NOTE 2 The effectiveness of the protection against excessive temperatures logically depends upon the position
187 and method of mounting of the thermal-link, as well as upon the current which it is carrying.
188 This standard may be applicable to thermal-links for use under conditions other than indoors,
189 provided that the climatic and other circumstances in the immediate surroundings of such
190 thermal-links are comparable with those in this standard.
191 This standard may be applicable to thermal-links in their simplest forms (e.g. melting strips or
192 wires), provided that molten materials expelled during function cannot adversely interfere with
193 the safe use of the equipment, especially in the case of hand-held or portable equipment,
194 irrespective of its position.
195 Annex H of this standard is applicable to thermal-link packaged assemblies where the
196 thermal-link(s) has already been approved to this standard but packaged in a metallic or non-
197 metallic housing and provided with terminals/wiring leads.
198 This standard is applicable to thermal-links with a rated voltage not exceeding 690 V AC or
199 DC and a rated current not exceeding 63 A.
200 The objectives of this standard are:
201 a) to establish uniform requirements for thermal-links,
202 b) to define methods of test,
203 c) to provide useful information for the application of thermal-links in equipment.
204 This standard is not applicable to thermal-links used under extreme conditions such as
205 corrosive or explosive atmospheres.
206 This standard is not applicable to thermal-links to be used in circuits on a.c. with a frequency
207 lower than 45 Hz or higher than 62 Hz.
208 2 Normative references
209 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
210 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
211 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
212 amendments) applies.
213 IEC 60065:2014, Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements
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214 IEC 60112:2003, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking
215 indices of solid insulating materials
216 IEC 60112:2003/AMD1:2009
217 IEC 60127-2:2014, Miniature fuses – Part 2: Cartridge fuse-links
218 IEC 60216-5:2008, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 5:
219 Determination of relative thermal endurance index (RTE) of an insulating material
220 IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
221 Principles, requirements and tests
222 IEC 60695-2-12:2010, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
223 Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
224 IEC 60695-2-12:2010/AMD1:2014
225 IEC 60695-2-13:2010, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
226 Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
227 IEC 60695-2-13:2010/AMD1:2014
228 IEC 60695-10-2:2014, Fire hazard testing – Part 10-2: Abnormal heat – Ball pressure test
229 method
230 IEC 60695-11-10:2013, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and
231 vertical flame test methods
232 IEC 60730-1:2015, Automatic electrical controls – Part 1: General requirements
233 IEC 61210:2010, Connecting devices – Flat quick-connect terminations for electrical copper
234 conductors – Safety requirements
235 3 Terms and definitions
236 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
237 3.1
238 clearance
239 shortest distance in air between two conductive parts
240 3.2
241 creepage distance
242 shortest distance along the surface of insulating material between two conductive parts
243 3.3
244 holding temperature
245 T
h
246 maximum ambient temperature of the thermal-link at which it will not change its state of
247 conductivity during a specified time at a specified rated current
248 3.4
249 homogeneous series
250 series of thermal-links having the same external dimensions and common overall construction,
251 deviating from each other only in such characteristics (including ratings) that, for a given test,
252 the testing of one or a reduced number of particular thermal-links of that series shall be taken
253 as representative for all the thermal-links of the series
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254 3.5
255 interrupting current
256 I
b
257 value of the current that the thermal-link is capable of interrupting at rated voltage and under
258 specified circuit conditions
259 3.6
260 maximum temperature limit
261 T
m
262 temperature of the thermal-link stated by the manufacturer, up to which the mechanical and
263 electrical properties of the thermal-link, having changed its state of conductivity, will not be
264 impaired for a given time
265 3.7
266 pilot duty
267 rating assigned to a switching device that controls the coil of another electro-mechanical
268 device such as a solenoid, relay or contactor
269 3.8
270 portable equipment
271 equipment which is moved while in operation or which can easily be moved from one place to
272 another while connected to the supply
273 3.9
274 rated current
275 I
r
276 current used to classify a thermal-link
277 3.10
278 rated functioning temperature
279 T
f
280 temperature of the thermal-link which causes it to change its state of conductivity with a
281 detection current up to 10 mA as the only load
282 3.11
283 rated voltage
284 U
r
285 voltage used to classify a thermal-link
286 3.12
287 thermal element
288 metallic or non-metallic fusible material that is part of a thermal-link and is responsive to
289 temperature by a change of state such as from solid to liquid at the temperature for which it is
290 calibrated
291 3.13
292 thermal-link
293 non-resettable device incorporating a thermal element, which will open a circuit once only
294 when exposed for a sufficient length of time to a temperature in excess of that for which it has
295 been designed
296 3.14
297 transient overload current
298 I
p
299 direct current pulse train which the thermal-link is able to withstand without impairing its
300 characteristics
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301 3.15
302 extended holding temperature
303 T
h-100
304 maximum temperature at which a thermal-link can be maintained while conducting the rated
305 current at the rated voltage for a period of 100 weeks which will not cause the thermal-link to
306 open circuit in accordance with extended holding temperature evaluation
307 Note 1 to entry: This is a rating for user consideration during the investigation of the end product.
308 Note 2 to entry: Annex D specifies the extended holding temperature evaluation.
309 3.16
310 conductive heat ageing test
311 CHAT
312 test to evaluate a thermal-link for use in an appliance
313 Note 1 to entry: If it performs satisfactorily, the thermal-link will be assigned a CHAT rating. This rating is for end-
314 product user consideration during the investigation of the end-use product.
315 Note 2 to entry: Annex C specifies the conductive heat ageing test.
316 4 General requirements
317 4.1 Adequate protection of the equipment against excessive temperatures not only
318 depends upon the properties of the thermal-link but also to a large extent upon the mounting
319 of the thermal-link in the equipment. Therefore, in addition to good engineering practice, the
320 requirements of the application guide in Annex A shall be considered.
321 4.2 Thermal-links shall have adequate electrical and mechanical strength and shall be
322 constructed so as to withstand all conditions of handling likely to be encountered during
323 mounting and normal use, when used within the requirements of this standard.
324 4.3 When a thermal-link changes its state of conductivity, no arc or flame shall be
325 maintained, nor material expelled, that might impair the surrounding area or otherwise create
326 a risk of electric shock or fire. In addition, there shall be no emission of substances (e.g.
327 gases, liquids, dust, mist, vapour) which could cause a hazard.
328 For thermal-links using melting strips or wires, care should be taken to prevent molten
329 material from short-circuiting or bridging creepage distances and clearances in air, so as to
330 reduce the risk of impairing the insulation system of the equipment.
331 After it has functioned, the thermal-link shall not be damaged when subjected to temperatures
332 not exceeding T , in such a way that the safety of the equipment with regard to risk of electric
m
333 shock hazard and electrical breakdown is impaired. The thermal-link shall not reclose after it has
334 operated.
335 4.4 For requirements for thermal-link packaged assemblies, see Annex H.
336 5 General notes on tests
337 5.1 The test conditions are as follows.
338 5.1.1 Unless othe
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