SIST EN 61400-1:2004
(Main)Wind turbine generator systems -- Part 1: Safety requirements
Wind turbine generator systems -- Part 1: Safety requirements
Deals with safety aspects, quality assurance and engineering integrity, and specifies safety requirements for design, installation and operation of wind turbine generator systems.
Windenergieanlagen -- Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen
Aérogénérateurs -- Partie 1: Spécifications de sécurité
Traite des aspects relatifs à la sécurité, à l'assurance de la qualité et à l'intégrité, et spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité, de la conception, de l'installation et de l'exploitation des aérogénérateurs.
Sistemi generatorjev vetrne turbine – 1. del: Varnostne zahteve (IEC 61400-1:1999, spremenjen)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61400-1:2004
STANDARD
september 2004
Sistemi generatorjev vetrne turbine – 1. del: Varnostne zahteve (IEC 61400-
1:1999, spremenjen)
Wind turbine generator systems - Part 1: Safety requirements
ICS 27.180 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 61400-1:2004(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2004
ICS 27.180 Supersedes ENV 61400-1:1995
English version
Wind turbine generator systems
Part 1: Safety requirements
(IEC 61400-1:1999, modified)
Aérogénérateurs Windenergieanlagen
Partie 1: Spécifications de sécurité Teil 1: Sicherheitsanforderungen
(CEI 61400-1:1999, modifiée) (IEC 61400-1:1999, modifiziert)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2003-11-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61400-1:2004 E
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
EN 61400-1:2004 – 2 –
Foreword
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-1:1999, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind turbines, together
with the common modifications prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 88, Wind turbine
systems, was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61400-1 on
2003-11-01.
This European Standard supersedes ENV 61400-1:1995.
The following dates were fixed:
- latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2004-11-01
- latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-11-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
Formulae which are additional to those in IEC 61400-1 are prefixed Z.
__________
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 3 – EN 61400-1:2004
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61400-1:1999 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard with agreed common modifications as given below.
COMMON MODIFICATIONS
Introduction
Replace the first existing paragraph by:
The standard contains some requirements for a safe operation of wind turbine generator systems falling
in the scope of Article 118a of the EC Treaty. Users of this Standard should, with the respect to these
requirements, be aware that standards have no formal legal relationship with Directives which may have
been made under Article 118a of the Treaty. In addition, national legislation in the Member states may
contain more stringent requirements than the minimum requirements of a Directive based on Article 118a.
Information on the relationship between the national legislation implementing Directives based on
Article 118a and this Standard may be given in a national foreword of the national standard implementing
this Standard.
1.1 Scope
Add the following fifth paragraph:
The standard contains requirements which directly address the operator of wind turbine generator
systems. These requirements for a safe operation, however, constitute recommendations for the
manufacturer, designed to support him in drafting the operation instruction handbook.
6.3.2.1 Extreme wind speed model (EWM)
Replace the whole subclause by the following:
The EWM shall be either a steady or a turbulent wind model. The wind models shall be based on the
reference wind speed, V , and a fixed turbulence standard deviation σ .
ref 1
For the steady extreme wind model, the 50 year extreme wind speed V and the one year extreme wind
e50
speed V shall be based on the reference wind speed V . For wind turbine designs in the standard wind
e1 ref
turbine classes, V and V shall be computed as a function of height z using the following equations:
e50 e1
0,11
V (z) = 1,4 V (z/z ) (10)
e50 ref hub
V (z) = 0,8 V (z) (11)
e1 e50
For the turbulent extreme wind speed model, the 10 min average wind speeds as functions of height z
with recurrence intervals of 50 and 1 year, respectively, shall be given by the following equations:
0,11
V (z) = V (z/z ) (Z1)
50 ref hub
V (z) = 0,8 × V (z) (Z2)
1 50
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
EN 61400-1:2004 – 4 –
In the turbulent extreme wind model, the mean wind speed at hub height, V , shall be V or 0,8 V ,
hub ref ref
respectively, and shall be used in the Turbulence Model (NTM) together with a turbulence standard
deviation of σ = 0,11 V .
1 hub
Replace Table 2 by the following:
Table 2 – Design load cases
a
Design situation DLC Wind condition Other conditions Type of Partial
analysis safety
factors
1) Power production 1.1 U N
NTM V ≤ V ≤ V
in hub out
1.2 NTM Vin < Vhub < Vout F *
1.3 ECD V = V U N
hub r
1.4 NWP V = V or V External electrical fault U N
hub r out
1.5 EOG V = V or V Loss of electrical U N
1 hub r out
connection
1.6 EOG V = V or V U N
50 hub r out
1.7 EWS V = V or V U N
hub r out
1.8 EDC V = V or V U N
50 hub r out
1.9 ECG V = V U N
hub r
2) Power production plus 2.1 NWP V < V < V Control system fault U N
in hub out
occurrence of fault
2.2 NWP V < V < V Protection system or U A
in hub out
preceding internal
electrical fault
2.3 NTM V < V < V Control or protection F *
in hub out
system fault
3) Start up 3.1 NWP V < V < V F *
in hub out
3.2 EOG V = V , V or V U N
1 hub in r out
3.3 EDC V = V , V or V U N
1 hub in r out
4) Normal shut down 4.1 NWP V < V < V F *
in hub out
4.2 EOG V = V or V U N
1 hub r out
5) Emergency shut down 5.1 NWP V = V or V U N
hub r out
6) Parked (standing still 6.1 EWM 50 year recurrence U N
or idling) interval
6.2 EWM 50 year recurrence Loss of electrical power U A
interval network
6.3 EWM 1 year recurrence Extreme yaw U N
interval misalignment
6.4 NTM V < 0,7 V F *
hub ref
7) Parked and fault 7.1 EWM 1 year recurrence U A
conditions interval
8) Transport, assembly, 8.1 To be stated by the U T
maintenance and manufacturer
repair
a
If no cut-out wind speed V is defined, the value of V should be used.
out ref
For abbreviations see below.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 5 – EN 61400-1:2004
− DLC Design load case
− ECD Extreme coherent gust with direction change (see 6.3.2.5)
− ECG Extreme coherent gust (see 6.3.2.4)
− EDC Extreme direction change (see 6.3.2.3)
− EOG Extreme operating gust (see 6.3.2.2)
− EWM Extreme wind speed model (see 6.3.2.1)
− EWS Extreme wind shear (see 6.3.2.6)
− Subscript Recurrence period in years
− NTM Normal turbulence model (see 6.3.1.3)
− NWP Normal wind profile model (see 6.3.1.2)
− F Fatigue
− U Ultimate
− N Normal and extreme
− A Abnormal
− T Transport and erection
* Partial safety factor for fatigue (see 7.6.3)
7.4.6 Parked (stand-still or idling) (DLC 6.1 - 6.2)
Replace the whole subclause and its title by the following:
7.4.6 Parked (stand-still or idling) (DLC 6.1 - 6.4)
In this design situation, the rotor of a parked wind turbine is either in a stand-still or idling condition. In
DLC 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 this situation shall be considered with the extreme wind speed model (EWM).
In the case of a rigid or well-damped wind turbine with little dynamic action, the steady extreme wind
model may be used for the analysis. For more flexible wind turbine structures liable to resonant
amplification the turbulent extreme wind model shall be used for turbulence simulation analysis or quasi-
steady analysis with correction for gusts and dynamic response.
The characteristic load shall be calculated as the expected value of the largest extreme load during the
design load case, e.g. calculated from a sufficient number of simulations.
In DLC 6.1, a yaw misalignment of up to ± 15° using the steady extreme wind model or ± 8° using the
turbulent wind model shall be assumed, provided that no slippage in the yaw system can be assured. If
not, a yaw misalignment of up to ± 180° shall be assumed.
In DLC 6.2 a loss of the electrical power network at an early stage in the storm containing the extreme
wind situation, shall be assumed. Unless power back-up for the control and yaw system with a capacity of
6 h of operation is provided, the effect of a yaw misalignment of up to ± 180° shall be analysed.
In DLC 6.3, the extreme wind with a 1-year recurrence interval shall be combined with an extreme yaw
misalignment. An extreme yaw misalignment of up to ± 30° using the steady extreme wind model or ± 20°
using the turbulent wind model shall be assumed.
If significant fatigue damage can occur to some components (e.g. from weight of idling blades), the
expected number of hours of non-power production time at each appropriate wind speed shall be
considered in DLC 6.4.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
EN 61400-1:2004 – 6 –
If the wind turbine has a yaw system where the yaw braking capacity will be exceeded at the extreme
wind situations (e.g. free yaw or semi-free yaw) the turbulent wind model shall be used.
If the wind turbine is subject to large yaw movements or change of equilibrium during wind speed
increase from normal operation to the extreme situation this behaviour shall be included in the analysis.
7.4.7 Parked plus fault conditions (DLC 7.1)
Add a new second paragraph:
In DLC 7.1, a yaw misalignment of up to ± 15° using the steady extreme wind model or ± 8° using the
turbulent wind model shall be assumed, provided that no slippage in the yaw system can be assured.
If not, a yaw misalignment of up to ± 180° shall be assumed.
8.4 Functional requirements of the control and protection system
Add a new second paragraph:
The protection system shall include two or more braking systems (mechanical, electrical or aerodynamic)
capable of bringing the rotor to rest or to an idling state from any operating condition.
Replace the second sentence with:
It is recommended that at least one braking system operate on an aerodynamic principle, and as such
acts directly on the rotor. If this recommendation is not met at least one braking system shall act on the
low speed shaft or on the rotor of the wind turbine.
Delete Annex C.
Replace “Annex D (informative) Bibliography” by:
“Bibliography”
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 7 – EN 61400-1:2004
Add Annex ZA.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60204-1 1997 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of EN 60204-1 1997
machines + corr. September 1998
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60364 (mod) Series Electrical installations of buildings HD 384 Series
1)
IEC 60721-2-1 1982 Classification of environmental conditions 1989
HD 478.2.1 S1
Part 2: Environmental conditions appearing in
nature - Temperature and humidity
IEC 61000-3-2 (mod) 2000 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) EN 61000-3-2 2000
Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current
emissions (equipment input current up to and
including 16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-3-3 1994 Part 3: Limits - Limitation of voltage fluctuations EN 61000-3-3 1995
and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for + corr. July 1997
equipment with rated current ≤ 16 A
IEC 61000-4-2 1995 Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - EN 61000-4-2 1995
Electrostatic discharge immunity test
2)
IEC 61000-4-3 1995 Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - 1996
EN 61000-4-3
(mod) Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field
immunity test
IEC 61000-4-4 1995 Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques - EN 61000-4-4 1995
Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5 1995 Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - EN 61000-4-5 1995
Surge immunity test
IEC 61024-1 1990 Protection of structures against lightning - -
Part 1: General principles
IEC 61312-1 1995 Protection against lightning electromagnetic - -
impulse
Part 1: General principles
ISO 2394 1986 General principles on reliability for structures - -
1)
HD 478.2.1 S1 includes A1:1987 to IEC 60721-2-1.
2)
EN 61000-4-3:1996 is superseded by EN 61000-4-3:2002, which is based on IEC 61000-4-3:2002.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL
IEC
STANDARD
61400-1
Second edition
1999-02
Wind turbine generator systems –
Part 1:
Safety requirements
Aérogénérateurs –
Partie 1:
Spécifications de sécurité
IEC 1999 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission 3, rue de Varembé Geneva, Switzerland
Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 e-mail: inmail@iec.ch IEC web site http://www.iec.ch
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
PRICE CODE
XA
International Electrotechnical Commission
For price, see current catalogue
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 2 – 61400-1 © IEC:1999(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 6
Clause
1 Scope and object . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions. 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 16
4.1 Symbols and units. 16
4.2 Abbreviations . 17
5 Principal elements. 18
5.1 General. 18
5.2 Design methods . 18
5.3 Safety classes. 18
5.4 Quality assurance . 18
5.5 Wind turbine markings . 19
6 External conditions. 19
6.1 General. 19
6.2 WTGS classes . 19
6.3 Wind conditions . 20
6.4 Other environmental conditions . 28
6.5 Electrical power network conditions . 29
7 Structural design . 29
7.1 General. 29
7.2 Design methodology. 30
7.3 Loads. 30
7.4 Design situations and load cases . 31
7.5 Load calculations . 34
7.6 Ultimate limit state analysis . 34
8 Control and protection system . 39
8.1 General. 39
8.2 Wind turbine control . 40
8.3 Wind turbine protection . 40
8.4 Functional requirements of the control and protection system . 41
9 Mechanical systems . 41
9.1 General. 41
9.2 Errors of fitting . 41
9.3 Hydraulic or pneumatic systems . 41
10 Electrical system . 42
10.1 General. 42
10.2 General requirements for the WTGS electrical system . 42
10.3 Protective devices. 42
10.4 Disconnect devices . 42
10.5 Earth system. 42
10.6 Lightning protection. 43
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
61400-1 IEC:1999(E) − 3 −
Clause Page
10.7 Electrical cables. 43
10.8 Self-excitation . 43
10.9 Over-voltage protection . 43
10.10 Harmonics and power conditioning equipment . 43
11 Assessment of external conditions. 43
11.1 General. 43
11.2 Assessment of wind conditions. 44
11.3 Assessment of other environmental conditions . 44
11.4 Assessment of electrical network conditions . 45
11.5 Assessment of soil conditions . 45
12 Assembly, installation and erection. 45
12.1 General. 45
12.2 Planning. 46
12.3 Installation conditions. 46
12.4 Site access . 46
12.5 Environmental conditions . 46
12.6 Documentation. 46
12.7 Receiving, handling and storage. 47
12.8 Foundation/anchor systems. 47
12.9 Assembly of WTGS. 47
12.10 Erection of WTGS . 47
12.11 Fasteners and attachments . 47
12.12 Cranes, hoists and lifting equipment . 47
13 Commissioning, operation and maintenance . 48
13.1 General. 48
13.2 Commissioning . 48
13.3 Operations . 49
13.4 Inspection and maintenance. 50
Annex A (normative) Design parameters for describing WTGS class S. 52
Annex B (normative) Stochastic turbulence models . 53
Annex C (normative) Deterministic turbulence description . 55
Annex D (informative) Bibliography . 57
Tables
Table 1 – Basic parameters for WTGS classes . 20
Table 2 – Design load cases. 32
Table 3 – Partial safety factors for loads γ . 37
f
Table 4 – General partial safety factors for materials for inherent variability. 37
Table B.1 – Turbulence spectral parameters for Kaimal model . 53
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 4 – 61400-1 © IEC:1999(E)
Figures
Figure 1 – Characteristic wind turbulence. 22
Figure 2 – Example of extreme operating gust . 24
Figure 3 – Example of extreme direction change magnitude . 25
Figure 4 – Example of extreme direction change. 25
Figure 5 – Extreme coherent gust (ECG) . 25
Figure 6 – The direction change for ECD . 26
Figure 7 – Time development of direction change for V = 25 m/s . 26
hub
Figure 8 – Extreme vertical wind shear, wind profile before onset and at maximum shear. 27
Figure 9 – Wind speeds at rotor top and bottom respectively illustrate the
time development of wind shear. 27
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
61400-1 IEC:1999(E) − 5 −
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEMS –
Part 1: Safety requirements
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two
organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61400-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind
turbine systems.
This second edition of IEC 61400-1 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1994.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
88/98/FDIS 88/103/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
Annexes A, B and C form an integral part of this standard.
Annex D is for information only.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 6 – 61400-1 © IEC:1999(E)
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard outlines minimum safety requirements for wind turbine generator
systems and is not intended for use as a complete design specification or instruction manual.
Any of the requirements of this standard may be waived if it can be suitably demonstrated that
the safety of the system is not compromised. Nevertheless this waiver does not apply to
clause 6.
Compliance with this standard does not relieve any person, organization, or corporation from
the responsibility of observing other applicable regulations.
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
61400-1 IEC:1999(E) − 7 −
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEMS –
Part 1: Safety requirements
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61400 deals with safety philosophy, quality assurance and engineering
integrity, and specifies requirements for the safety of Wind Turbine Generator Systems
(WTGS), including design, installation, maintenance, and operation under specified
environmental conditions. Its purpose is to provide the appropriate level of protection against
damage from all hazards from these systems during their planned lifetime.
This standard is concerned with all subsystems of WTGS such as control and protection
mechanisms, internal electrical systems, mechanical systems, support structures and the
electrical interconnect
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.