SIST EN 62305-1:2006
(Main)Protection against lightning -- Part 1: General principles
Protection against lightning -- Part 1: General principles
This part of IEC 62305 provides the general principles to be followed in the protection against lightning of - structures including their installations and contents as well as persons, - services connected to a structure. The following cases are outside the scope of this standard: - railway systems; - vehicles, ships, aircraft, offshore installations; - underground high pressure pipelines; - pipe, power and telecommunication lines not connected to a structure.
Blitzschutz -- Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze
Protection contre la foudre -- Partie 1: Principes généraux
Donne des principes généraux à suivre pour la protection contre la foudre - des structures, y compris leurs installations, leur contenu et les personnes; - des services liés à une structure. Les cas suivants sont hors du domaine d'application de la présente norme: - chemins de fer; - véhicules, navires, avions, installations en mer; - canalisations enterrées à haute pression; - canalisations, lignes de puissance et de communication non reliées à la structure.
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele - 1. del: Splošna načela (IEC 62305-1:2006)
Ta del IEC 62305 določa splošna načela, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri zaščiti pred delovanjem strele:
– za zgradbe vključno z njihovimi inštalacijami in opremo (vsebinami) ter za osebe,
– oskrbovalne vode, povezane z zgradbo.
Ta standard se ne uporablja v naslednjih primerih:
– za železniške sisteme;
– za vozila, ladje, letala in morske ploščadi;
– za podzemne visokotlačne cevovode;
– za cevovode ter energetske in telekomunikacijske vode, ki niso povezani z zgradbo.
OPOMBA: Za te sisteme ponavadi veljajo posebni predpisi, ki jih izdajo različne specifične oblasti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 62305-1:2006
STANDARD
junij 2006
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 1. del: Splošna načela
Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles
ICS 91.120.40 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 62305-1:2006(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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Corrigendum to EN 62305-1:2006
English version
___________
Foreword
the last paragraph by:
Replace
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
Annex ZA (see overleaf):
Add
November 2006
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EN 62305-1:2006/corr. November 2006 - 2 -
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 62305-2 - Protection against lightning EN 62305-2 2006
Part 2: Risk management
1) 2)
IEC 62305-3 (mod) - Protection against lightning EN 62305-3 2006
Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life
hazard
1) 2)
IEC 62305-4 - Protection against lightning EN 62305-4 2006
Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems
within structures
3)
IEC 62305-5 - Protection against lightning - -
Part 5: Services
___________
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
3)
To be published.
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IEC 62305-1
Edition 1.0 2006-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Protection against lightning –
Part 1: General principles
Protection contre la foudre –
Partie 1: Principes généraux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 ISBN 2-8318-8358-X
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 3 – – 2 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.7
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references.8
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Lightning current parameters .14
5 Damage due to lightning .14
5.1 Damage to a structure .14
5.2 Damage to a service.17
5.3 Types of loss .18
6 Need and economic convenience for lightning protection.20
6.1 Need for lightning protection .20
6.2 Economic convenience of lightning protection .21
7 Protection measures .21
7.1 Protection measures to reduce injury of living beings due to touch and step
voltages.21
7.2 Protection measures to reduce physical damage.21
7.3 Protection measures to reduce failure of electrical and electronic systems .22
7.4 Protection measures selection .22
8 Basic criteria for protection of structures and services.22
8.1 Lightning protection levels (LPL) .23
8.2 Lightning protection zones (LPZ).27
8.3 Protection of structures.28
8.4 Protection of services .29
Annex A (informative) Parameters of lightning current .30
Annex B (informative) Time functions of the lightning current for analysis purposes .38
Annex C (informative) Simulation of the lightning current for test purposes .44
Annex D (informative) Test parameters simulating the effects of lightning on LPS
components .48
Annex E (informative) Surges due to lightning at different installation points .63
Bibliography .68
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 5 – – 3 –
Figure 1 – Types of loss and corresponding risks resulting from different types of
damage.20
Figure 2 – LPZ defined by an LPS (IEC 62305-3).25
Figure 3 – LPZ defined by protection measures against LEMP (IEC 62305-4) .26
Figure A.1 – Definitions of short stroke parameters (typically T <2 ms).30
2
Figure A.2 – Definitions of long stroke parameters (typically 2 ms
long
Figure A.3 – Possible components of downward flashes (typical in flat territory and to
lower structures) .31
Figure A.4 – Possible components of upward flashes (typical to exposed and/or higher
structures) .32
Figure A.5 – Cumulative frequency distribution of lightning current parameters (lines
through 95 % and 5 % value).35
Figure B.1 – Waveshape of the current rise of the first short stroke .39
Figure B.2 – Waveshape of the current tail of the first short stroke .40
Figure B.3 – Waveshape of the current rise of the subsequent short strokes.41
Figure B.4 – Waveshape of the current tail of the subsequent short strokes.42
Figure B.5 – Amplitude density of the lightning current according to LPL I .43
Figure C.1 – Example test generator for the simulation of the specific energy of the first
short stroke and the charge of the long stroke .45
Figure C.2 – Definition for the current steepness in accordance with Table C.3.46
Figure C.3 – Example test generator for the simulation of the front steepness of the
first short stroke for large test items .47
Figure C.4 – Example test generator for the simulation of the front steepness of the
subsequent short strokes for large test items.47
Figure D.1 – General arrangement of two conductors for the calculation of
electrodynamic force .55
Figure D.2 – Typical conductor arrangement in an LPS.55
Figure D.3 – Diagram of the stresses for the configuration of Figure D.2.56
Figure D.4 – Force per unit length along the horizontal conductor of Figure D.2 .56
Table 1 – Effects of lightning on typical structures .15
Table 2 – Effects of lightning on typical services.17
Table 3 – Damages and loss in a structure according to different points of strike of
lightning .19
Table 4 – Damages and loss in a service according to different points of strike of
lightning .19
Table 5 – Maximum values of lightning parameters according to LPL.24
Table 6 – Minimum values of lightning parameters and related rolling sphere radius
corresponding to LPL .27
Table 7 – Probabilities for the limits of the lightning current parameters .27
Table A.1 – Tabulated values of lightning current parameters taken from CIGRE
[3], [4]
(Electra No. 41 or No. 69*) .33
Table A.2 – Logarithmic normal distribution of lightning current parameters –
µ
Mean and dispersion σ calculated from 95 % and 5 % values from CIGRE (Electra
log
[3], [4]
No. 41 or No. 69) .34
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 7 – – 4 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
Table B.1 – Parameters for Equation B.1.38
Table C.1 – Test parameters of the first short stroke .45
Table C.2 – Test parameters of the long stroke .45
Table C.3 – Test parameters of the short strokes .46
Table D.1 – Summary of the lightning threat parameters to be considered in the
calculation of the test values for the different LPS components and for the different LPL.49
Table D.2 – Physical characteristics of typical materials used in LPS components .52
Table D.3 – Temperature rise for conductors of different sections as a function of W/R .52
Table E.1 – Conventional earthing impedance values Z and Z according to the
1
resistivity of the soil.64
Table E.2 – Expected surge overcurrents due to lightning flashes .65
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 9 – – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING –
Part 1: General principles
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62305-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 81:
Lightning protection.
The IEC 62305 series (Parts 1 to 5), is produced in accordance with the New Publications Plan,
approved by National Committees (81/171/RQ (2001-06-29)), which restructures and updates
in a more simple and rational form the publications of the IEC 61024 series, the IEC 61312
series and the IEC 61663 series.
The text of this first edition of IEC 62305-1 is compiled from and replaces
– IEC 61024-1-1, first edition (1993).
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 11 – – 6 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
81/262/FDIS 81/267/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted, as close as possible, in accordance with the ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 2.
IEC 62305 consists of the following parts, under the general title Protection against lightning:
Part 1: General principles
Part 2: Risk management
Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures
1
Part 5: Services
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
___________
1
To be published
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 13 – – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
There are no devices nor methods capable of modifying the natural weather phenomena to the
extent that they can prevent lightning discharges. Lightning flashes to, or nearby, structures (or
services connected to the structures) are hazardous to people, to the structures themselves,
their contents and installations as well as to services. This is why the application of lightning
protection measures is essential.
The need for protection, the economic benefits of installing protection measures and the
selection of adequate protection measures should be determined in terms of risk management.
Risk management is the subject of IEC 62305-2.
The criteria for design, installation and maintenance of lightning protection measures are
considered in three separate groups:
– the first group concerns protection measures to reduce physical damage and life hazard in
a structure is given in IEC 62305-3,
– the second group concerns protection measures to reduce failures of electrical and
electronic systems in a structure is given in IEC 62305-4,
– the third group concerns protection measures to reduce physical damage and failures of
services connected to a structure (mainly electrical and telecommunication lines) is given in
IEC 62305-5.
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 15 – – 8 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING –
Part 1: General principles
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62305 provides the general principles to be followed in the protection against
lightning of
– structures including their installations and contents as well as persons,
– services connected to a structure.
The following cases are outside the scope of this standard:
– railway systems;
– vehicles, ships, aircraft, offshore installations;
– underground high pressure pipelines;
− pipe, power and telecommunication lines not connected to a structure.
NOTE Usually these systems are under special regulations made by various specific authorities.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 62305-2, Protection against lightning – Part 2: Risk management
IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning – Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life
hazard
IEC 62305-4, Protection against lightning – Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within
structures
2
IEC 62305-5, Protection against lightning – Part 5: Services
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
lightning flash to earth
electrical discharge of atmospheric origin between cloud and earth consisting of one or more
strokes
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2
To be published.
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 17 – – 9 –
3.2
downward flash
lightning flash initiated by a downward leader from cloud to earth
NOTE A downward flash consists of a first short stroke, which can be followed by subsequent short strokes. One
or more short strokes may be followed by a long stroke.
3.3
upward flash
lightning flash initiated by an upward leader from an earthed structure to cloud
NOTE An upward flash consists of a first long stroke with or without multiple superimposed short strokes. One or
more short strokes may be followed by a long stroke.
3.4
lightning stroke
single electrical discharge in a lightning flash to earth
3.5
short stroke
part of the lightning flash which corresponds to an impulse current
NOTE This current has a time to the half value T typically less than 2 ms (see Figure A.1).
2
3.6
long stroke
part of the lightning flash which corresponds to a continuing current
NOTE The duration time T (time from the 10 % value on the front to the 10 % value on the tail) of this
long
continuing current is typically more than 2 ms and less than 1 s (see Figure A.2)
3.7
multiple strokes
lightning flash consisting on average of 3-4 strokes, with typical time interval between them of
about 50 ms
NOTE Events having up to a few dozen strokes with intervals between them ranging from 10 ms to 250 ms have
been reported.
3.8
point of strike
point where a lightning flash strikes the earth, or protruding object (e.g. structure, LPS, service,
tree, etc.)
NOTE A lightning flash may have more than one point of strike.
3.9
lightning current
i
current flowing at the point of strike
3.10
peak value
I
maximum value of the lightning current
3.11
average steepness of the front of short stroke current
average rate of change of current within a time interval t – t
2 1
NOTE It is expressed by the difference i(t ) – i(t ) of the values of the current at the start and at the end of this
2 1
interval, divided by t – t (see Figure A.1).
2 1
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 19 – – 10 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
3.12
front time of short stroke current
T
1
virtual parameter defined as 1,25 times the time interval between the instants when the 10 %
and 90 % of the peak value are reached (see Figure A.1)
3.13
virtual origin of short stroke current
O
1
point of intersection with time axis of a straight line drawn through the 10 % and the 90 %
reference points on the stroke current front (see Figure A.1); it precedes by 0,1 T that instant
1
at which the current attains 10 % of its peak value
3.14
time to half value of short stroke current
T
2
virtual parameter defined as the time interval between the virtual origin O and the instant at
1
which the current has decreased to half the peak value (see Figure A.1)
3.15
flash duration
T
time for which the lightning current flows at the point of strike
3.16
duration of long stroke current
T
long
time duration during which the current in a long stroke is between the 10 % of the peak value
during the increase of the continuing current and 10 % of the peak value during the decrease of
the continuing current (see Figure A.2)
3.17
flash charge
Q
flash
time integral of the lightning current for the entire lightning flash duration
3.18
short stroke charge
Q
short
time integral of the lightning current in a short stroke
3.19
long stroke charge
Q
long
time integral of the lightning current in a long stroke
3.20
specific energy
W/R
time integral of the square of the lightning current for the entire flash duration
NOTE It represents the energy dissipated by the lightning current in a unit resistance.
3.21
specific energy of short stroke current
time integral of the square of the lightning current for the duration of the short stroke
NOTE The specific energy in a long stroke current is negligible.
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 21 – – 11 –
3.22
object to be protected
structure or service to be protected against the effects of lightning
3.23
structure to be protected
structure for which protection is required against the effects of lightning in accordance with this
standard
NOTE A structure to be protected may be a part of a larger structure.
3.24
service to be protected
service connected to a structure for which protection is required against the effects of lightning
in accordance with this standard
3.25
lightning flash to an object
lightning flash striking an object to be protected
3.26
lightning flash near an object
lightning flash striking close enough to an object to be protected that it may cause dangerous
overvoltages
3.27
electrical system
system incorporating low voltage power supply components
3.28
electronic system
system incorporating sensitive electronic components such as communication equipment,
computer, control and instrumentation systems, radio systems, power electronic installations
3.29
internal systems
electrical and electronic systems within a structure
3.30
physical damage
damage to a structure (or to its contents) or to a service due to mechanical, thermal, chemical
and explosive effects of lightning
3.31
injury of living beings
injuries, including loss of life, to people or to animals due to touch and step voltages caused by
lightning
3.32
failure of electrical and electronic systems
permanent damage of electrical and electronic systems due to LEMP
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 23 – – 12 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
3.33
lightning electromagnetic impulse
LEMP
electromagnetic effects of lightning current
NOTE It includes conducted surges as well as radiated impulse electromagnetic field effects.
3.34
surge
transient wave appearing as overvoltage and /or overcurrent caused by LEMP
NOTE Surges caused by LEMP can arise from (partial) lightning currents, from induction effects in installation
loops and as remaining threat downstream of SPD.
3.35
lightning protection zone
LPZ
zone where the lightning electromagnetic environment is defined
NOTE The zone boundaries of an LPZ are not necessarily physical boundaries (e.g. walls, floor and ceiling).
3.36
risk
R
value of probable average annual loss (humans and goods) due to lightning, relative to the total
value (humans and goods) of the object to be protected
3.37
tolerable risk
R
T
maximum value of the risk which can be tolerated for the object to be protected
3.38
lightning protection level
LPL
number related to a set of lightning current parameters values relevant to the probability that
the associated maximum and minimum design values will not be exceeded in naturally
occurring lightning
NOTE Lightning protection level is used to design protection measures according to the relevant set of lightning
current parameters.
3.39
protection measures
measures to be adopted in the object to be protected to reduce the risk
3.40
lightning protection system
LPS
complete system used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a structure
NOTE It consists of both external and internal lightning protection systems.
3.41
external lightning protection system
part of the LPS consisting of an air-termination system, a down-conductor system and an
earth-termination system
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62305-1 © IEC:200662305-1 IEC:2006 – 25 – – 13 –
3.42
internal lightning protection system
part of the LPS consisting of lightning equipotential bonding and/or electrical insulation of
external LPS
3.43
air-termination system
part of an external LPS using metallic elements such as rods, mesh conductors or catenary
wires intended to intercept lightning flashes
3.44
down-conductor system
part of an external LPS intended to conduct lightning current from the air-termination system to
the earth-termination system
3.45
earth-termination system
part of an external LPS which is intended to conduct and disperse lightning current into the
earth
3.46
external conductive parts
extended metal items entering or leaving the structure to be protected such as pipe works,
cable metallic elements, metal ducts, etc. which may carry a part of the lightning current
3.47
lightning equipotential bonding
bonding to LPS of separated metallic parts, by direct conductive connections or via surge
protective devices, to reduce potential differences caused by lightning current
3.48
shielding wire
metallic wire used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a service
3.49
LEMP protection measures system
LPMS
complete system of protection measures for internal systems against LEMP
3.50
magnetic shield
closed, metallic, grid-like or continuous screen enveloping the object to be protected, or part of
it, used to reduce failures of electrical and electronic systems
3.51
surge protective device
SPD
device intended to limit transient overvoltages and divert surge currents. It contains at least
one non linear component
3.52
coordinated SPD protection
set of SPD properly selected, coordinated and erected to reduce failures of electrical and
electronic systems
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62305-1 IEC:2006 – 27 – – 14 – 62305-1 © IEC:2006
3.53
rated impulse withstand voltage
U
w
impulse withstand voltage assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to a part of it,
c
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 62305-1
STANDARD
junij 2006
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 1. del: Splošna načela
(IEC 62305-1:2006)
Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles
(IEC 62305-1:2006)
Protection contre la foudre – Partie 1: Principes généraux
(CEI 62305-1:2006)
Blitzschutz – Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze
(IEC 62305-1:2006)
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 SIST EN 62305-1:2006 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in od 1 do 62
© 2010-03. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 62305-1 (sl), Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 1. del: Splošna načela (IEC 62305-
1:2006), 2006, ima status slovenskega standarda in je istoveten evropskemu standardu EN 62305-1
(en), Protection against lightning – Part 1: General principles, 2006.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 62305-1:2006 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za
standardizacijo v elektrotehniki CLC/TC 81X Zaščita pred delovanjem strele. Evropski standard je
istoveten mednarodnemu standardu IEC 62305-1:2006, ki ga je pripravil tehnični odbor Mednarodne
elektrotehniške komisije IEC/TC 81 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele.
Slovenski standard SIST EN 62305-1:2006 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 62305-1:2006. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC STZ
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele.
Odločitev za privzem tega standarda po metodi ponatisa je dne 24. oktobra 2006 sprejel tehnični
odbor SIST/TC STZ.
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
Privzem standarda EN 62305-1:2006.
ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omenjeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:
SIST EN 62305-2 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 2. del: Vodenje rizika
SIST EN 62305-3 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 3. del: Fizična škoda na zgradbah in
nevarnost za živa bitja
SIST EN 62305-4 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 4. del: Električni in elektronski
sistemi v zgradbah
OPOMBA
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN 62305-
1:2006 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten z EN 62305-1:2006 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1050 Bruselj
Belgija
– This national document is identical with EN 62305-1:2006 and is published with the permission
of
CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1050 Bruxelles
Belgium
II
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EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 62305-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM februar 2006
ICS 29.020; 91.120.40 Vključuje Popravek, november 2006
Slovenska izdaja
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 1. del: Splošna načela
(IEC 62305-1:2006)
Protection against lightning – Protection contre la foudre – Blitzschutz –
Part 1: General principles Partie 1: Principes généraux Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze
(IEC 62305-1:2006) (CEI 62305-1:2006) (IEC 62305-1:2006)
Ta evropski standard je CENELEC sprejel 1. februarja 2006. Članice CENELEC morajo izpolnjevati
notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, s katerimi je predpisano, da mora biti ta standard brez kakršnihkoli
sprememb sprejet kot nacionalni standard.
Najnovejši seznami teh nacionalnih standardov z njihovimi bibliografskimi podatki se na zahtevo lahko
dobijo pri Centralnem sekretariatu ali katerikoli članici CENELEC.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh izvirnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih članice CENELEC na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Centralnem
sekretariatu CEN, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Članice CENELEC so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga, Malte,
Madžarske, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije,
Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
CENELEC
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Centralni sekretariat: Rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Bruselj
© 2006 CENELEC. Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CENELEC. Ref. oznaka EN 62305-1:2006 E
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
Predgovor
Besedilo dokumenta 81/262/FDIS, prihodnje 1. izdaje standarda IEC 62305-1, ki ga je pripravil
tehnični odbor IEC/TC 81 Strelovodna zaščita, je CENELEC 1. februarja 2006 po vzporednem
glasovanju v IEC in CENELEC sprejel kot EN 62305-1.
Določena sta bila naslednja datuma:
– zadnji datum, do katerega mora EN dobiti status
nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
ali z razglasitvijo (dop) 2006-11-01
– zadnji datum, ko je treba razveljaviti nacionalne standarde,
ki so z EN v nasprotju (dow) 2009-02-01
Dodatek ZA je dodal CENELEC.
Vsebina popravka iz novembra 2006 je vključena v to izdajo.
Razglasitvena objava
Besedilo mednarodnega standarda IEC 62305-1:2006 je CENELEC odobril kot evropski standard brez
sprememb.
2
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SIST EN 62305-1: 2006
Dodatek ZA
(normativni)
Sklicevanje na mednarodne publikacije z njihovimi ustreznimi evropskimi
publikacijami
Pri uporabi tega dokumenta so nujno potrebni naslednji referenčni dokumenti. Pri datiranih
sklicevanjih velja le navedena izdaja dokumenta. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja
izdaja publikacije (vključno z dopolnili).
OPOMBA: Kadar je mednarodna publikacija spremenjena in so spremembe označene z (mod), se uporablja ustrezni
dokument EN/HD,
Standard Leto Naslov EN/HD Leto
1) 2)
IEC 62305-2 – Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 2. del: EN 62305-2 2006
Vodenje rizika
Protection against lightning – Part 2: Risk
management
1) 2)
IEC 62305-3 (mod) – Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 3. del: EN 62305-3 2006
Fizična škoda na zgradbah in nevarnost za
živa bitja
Protection against lightning – Part 3:
Physical damage to structures and life
hazard
1) 2)
IEC 62305-4 – Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 4. del: EN 62305-4 2006
Električni in elektronski sistemi v zgradbah
Protection against lightning – Part 4:
Electrical and electronic systems within
structures
3)
IEC 62305-5 – Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 5. del: – –
Oskrba
Protection against lightning – Part 5:
Services
1)
Nedatirano sklicevanje.
2)
Veljavna je datirana izdaja.
3)
V pripravi.
3
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor .2
Dodatek ZA.3
Predgovor .6
Uvod .8
1 Področje uporabe .9
2 Zveza s standardi .9
3 Izrazi in definicije .9
4 Parametri toka strele .14
5 Škoda zaradi udarov strele.14
5.1 Škoda na zgradbah .14
5.2 Škoda na oskrbovalnem vodu .16
5.3 Vrste izgube.18
6 Potreba in ekonomska upravičenost zaščite pred delovanjem strele .20
6.1 Potreba po zaščiti pred delovanjem strele .20
6.2 Ekonomska upravičenost zaščite pred delovanjem strele .21
7 Zaščitni ukrepi .21
7.1 Zaščitni ukrepi za zmanjšanje poškodb živih bitij zaradi napetosti koraka in dotika.21
7.2 Zaščitni ukrepi za zmanjšanje fizične škode .22
7.3 Zaščitni ukrepi za zmanjšanje škode na električnih in elektronskih sistemih .22
7.4 Izbor zaščitnih ukrepov.22
8 Osnovni kriteriji za zaščito zgradb in oskrbovalnih vodov.23
8.1 Zaščitni nivo sistema zaščite pred delovanjem strele (LPL) .23
8.2 Zaščitne cone pred delovanjem strele (LPZ) .27
8.3 Zaščita zgradb.28
8.4. Zaščita oskrbovalnih vodov .29
Dodatek A (informativni): Parametri toka strele .30
Dodatek B (informativni): Časovne oblike toka strele za analitične potrebe.38
Dodatek C (informativni): Simulacija toka strele za namene preskušanja .42
Dodatek D (informativni): Preskusni parametri za simulacijo učinkov udara strele na komponente LPS.45
Dodatek E (informativni) Udarni vali zaradi udara strele v različne točke napeljave .58
Bibliografija .62
Slika 1: Vrste izgub in ustrezni riziko, ki se kaže v različnih vrstah škode .20
Slika 2: Zaščitne cone (LPZ), izbrane za LPS (IEC 62305-3).25
Slika 3: Zaščitne cone, izbrane na podlagi zaščitnih ukrepov pred LEMP (IEC 62305-4).26
Slika A.1: Definicije parametrov kratkotrajnega udara strele (značilno za T < 2 ms).30
2
Slika A.2: Definicije parametrov dolgotrajnega udara strele (značilno za 2 ms < T < 1 s).31
dolgi
Slika A.3: Mogoči deli strele navzdol (značilni za ravnine in nizke zgradbe) .31
Slika A.4: Mogoči deli strele navzgor (značilno za izpostavljene in/ali visoke zgradbe) .32
4
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SIST EN 62305-1: 2006
Slika A.5: Skupna frekvenčna porazdelitev parametrov toka strele (krivulje skozi 95-odstotno
in 5-odstotno vrednostjo).35
Slika B.1: Valovna oblika čela toka za prvi kratkotrajni udar strele.39
Slika B.2: Valovna oblika hrbta toka za prvi kratkotrajni udar strele .39
Slika B.3: Valovna oblika čela toka sledilnih kratkotrajnih udarov.40
Slika B.4: Valovna oblika hrbta toka sledilnih kratkotrajnih udarov.40
Slika B.5: Amplitudna gostota toka strele za LPL I .41
Slika C.1: Primer preskusnega generatorja za vzpostavitev specifične energije prvega
kratkotrajnega udara in naboja dolgotrajnega udara .42
Slika C.2: Definiranje strmine toka skladno s preglednico C.3.44
Slika C.3: Primer preskusnega generatorja za simulacijo strmine čela prvega kratkotrajnega
udara za obsežne preskusne predmete.44
Slika C.4: Primer preskusnega generatorja za simulacijo strmine čela sledilnih kratkotrajnih
udara za obsežne preskusne predmete.44
Slika D.1: Generalni položaj dveh vodnikov za izračun elektrodinamične sile.51
Slika D.2: Tipičen položaj vodnikov v določenem LPS .51
Slika D.3: Diagram obremenitve za konfiguracijo na sliki D.2.52
Slika D.4: Sila na dolžinsko enoto vzdolž vodoravnega vodnika s slike D.2.52
Preglednica 1: Učinki strele na tipične zgradbe .15
Preglednica 2: Učinki strele na tipične oskrbovalne vode.17
Preglednica 3: Škoda in izguba v zgradbi glede na različne točke udara strele.19
Preglednica 4: Škoda in izguba v oskrbovalnem vodu glede na različne točke udara .20
Preglednica 5: Največje vrednosti parametra strele v povezavi z LPL .24
Preglednica 6: Najmanjše vrednosti parametrov toka strele in ustreznih polmerov
kotaleče krogle za določene zaščitne nivoje (LPL) .27
Preglednica 7: Verjetnosti za omejitev parametrov toka strele .27
Preglednica A.1: Vrednosti parametrov toka strele po podatkih CIGRE (Electra, št. 41 ali št. 69).33
Preglednica A.2: Logaritemska normalna porazdelitev parametrov toka strele –
srednja vrednost µ in raztros σ , izračunana od 95 % do 5 % vrednosti, po podatkih CIGRE
log
(Electra, št. 41 ali št. 69* .34
Preglednica B.1: Parametri za enačbo B.1 .38
Preglednica C.1: Preskusni parametri prvega kratkotrajnega udara .43
Preglednica C.2: Preskusni parametri dolgotrajnega udara.43
Preglednica C.3: Preskusni parametri kratkotrajnih udarov strele .43
Preglednica D.1: Pregled parametrov nevarnosti strele, ki jih je treba upoštevati v izračunih
vrednosti za različne komponente LPS in različne LPL .46
Preglednica D.2: Fizične značilnosti tipičnih materialov, uporabljenih v komponentah .49
Preglednica D.3: Dvig temperature vodnikov z različnimi prerezi v odvisnosti od W/R .49
Preglednica E.1: Običajna ozemljitvena impedanca z vrednostma Z in Z v skladu z upornostjo tal .59
1
Preglednica E.2: Pričakovani nadtokovni vali udara strele .60
5
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
PREDGOVOR
1) IEC (Mednarodna elektrotehniška komisija) je svetovna organizacija za standardizacijo, ki
združuje vse nacionalne elektrotehnične komiteje (nacionalni komiteji IEC). Cilj IEC je pospeševati
mednarodno sodelovanje v vseh vprašanjih standardizacije s področja elektrotehnike in
elektronike. V ta namen poleg drugih aktivnosti izdaja mednarodne standarde. Za njihovo pripravo
so odgovorni tehnični odbori (TC). Vsak nacionalni komite IEC, ki ga zanima obravnavana tema,
lahko sodeluje v tem pripravljalnem delu. Prav tako lahko v pripravi sodelujejo mednarodne
organizacije ter vladne in nevladne ustanove, ki so povezane z IEC. IEC deluje v tesni povezavi z
mednarodno organizacijo za standardizacijo ISO skladno s pogoji, določenimi v soglasju med
obema organizacijama.
2) Uradne odločitve ali sporazumi IEC o tehničnih vprašanjih, pripravljeni v tehničnih odborih, kjer so
prisotni vsi nacionalni komiteji, ki jih tema zanima, izražajo, kolikor je mogoče, mednarodno
soglasje o obravnavani temi.
3) Publikacije IEC imajo obliko priporočil za mednarodno uporabo ter jih kot takšne sprejmejo
nacionalni komiteji IEC. Čeprav IEC skuša zagotavljati natančnost tehničnih vsebin v publikacijah
IEC, IEC ni odgovoren za način uporabe ali za možne napačne interpretacije končnih
uporabnikov.
4) Da bi se pospeševalo mednarodno poenotenje, so nacionalni komiteji IEC v svojih nacionalnih in
regionalnih standardih dolžni čim pregledneje uporabljati mednarodne standarde. Vsako
odstopanje med standardom IEC in ustreznim nacionalnim ali regionalnim standardom je treba v
slednjem jasno označiti
5) IEC ni določil nobenega postopka v zvezi z označevanjem kot znakom strinjanja in ne prevzema
nikakršne odgovornosti za opremo, ki je deklarirana, da ustreza kateremu od publikacij IEC.
6) Vsi uporabniki bi naj si zagotovili zadnjo izdajo teh publikacij.
7) IEC ali njegovi direktorji, zaposleni, uslužbenci ali agenti, vključno s samostojnimi strokovnjaki ter
člani tehničnih odborov in nacionalnih komitejev IEC, ne prevzemajo nobene odgovornosti za
kakršno koli osebno poškodbo, škodo na premoženju ali katero koli drugo škodo kakršne koli
vrste, bodisi posredne ali neposredne, ali za stroške (vključno z zakonitim lastništvom) in izdatke,
povezane s publikacijo, njeno uporabo ali zanašanjem na to publikacijo IEC ali katero koli drugo
publikacijo IEC.
8) Posebno pozornost je treba posvetiti normativnim virom, na katere se sklicuje ta publikacija.
Uporaba navedenih publikacij je nujna za pravilno uporabo te publikacije.
9) Opozarjamo na možnost, da bi lahko bil kateri od elementov tega mednarodnega standarda
predmet patentnih pravic. IEC ne odgovarja za identifikacijo nobene od teh patentnih pravic.
Mednarodni standard IEC 62305-1 je pripravil tehnični odbor IEC/TC 81 Strelovodna zaščita.
Skupina standardov IEC 62305 (deli od 1 do 5) je izdelana v skladu z novim programom dela, ki so ga
odobrili nacionalni komiteji (81/171/RQ (2001-06-29)), ter v preprostejši in racionalnejši obliki
restrukturira in posodablja skupine standardov IEC 61024, IEC 61312 in IEC 61663.
Besedilo te prve izdaje standarda IEC 62305-1 je združeno iz naslednjega standarda, ki ga
nadomešča:
– IEC 61024-1-1, prva izdaja (1993).
6
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SIST EN 62305-1: 2006
Besedilo tega standarda temelji na naslednjih dokumentih:
FDIS Poročilo o glasovanju
81/262/FDIS 81/267/RVD
Celotna informacija o glasovanju za sprejetje tega standarda je na voljo v poročilu o glasovanju,
navedenem v gornji preglednici.
Ta izdaja je bila pripravljena v skladu drugim delom Direktiv ISO/IEC.
IEC 62305 sestavljajo naslednji deli pod skupnim naslovom Zaščita pred delovanjem strele:
1. del: Splošna načela
2. del: Vodenje rizika
3. del Fizična škoda na zgradbah in nevarnost za živa bitja
4. del: Električni in elektronski sistemi v zgradbah
1)
5. del: Oskrba
Odbor se je odločil, da bo vsebina te publikacije ostala nespremenjena do datuma, ko bodo znani
rezultati pregleda vzdrževanja standarda in ki je objavljen na spletni strani IEC
»http://webstore.iec.ch« pod datumom v zvezi s posebnimi publikacijami. S tem datumom bo
publikacija:
– ponovno potrjena,
– umaknjena,
– zamenjana z revidirano izdajo,
– dopolnjena.
1)
V pripravi.
7
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
UVOD
Naprav ali metod, ki bi lahko spremenile potek naravnih pojavov do take mere, da bi preprečile
razelektritev strele, ni. Udari strele v zgradbe ali njihovo bližino (ali oskrbovalne vode, ki so nanje
priključeni) so nevarni ljudem in samim zgradbam z njihovo vsebino in inštalacijami ter tudi
oskrbovalnim vodom. To pojasnjuje vzroke za nujnost ukrepov zaščite pred delovanjem strele.
Potreba po zaščiti, gospodarske prednosti zaradi vgrajenih zaščitnih ukrepov in izbor ustreznih
zaščitnih ukrepov morajo biti določeni z vidiki vodenja rizika. Vodenje rizika je predmet standarda IEC
62305-2.
Merila za projektiranje, namestitev in vzdrževanje ukrepov zaščite pred delovanjem strele so
razdeljena v tri skupine:
– prva skupina se nanaša na zaščitne ukrepe za zmanjšanje fizične škode in nevarnosti za živa
bitja v zgradbah in je podana v IEC 62305-3,
– druga skupina se nanaša na zaščitne ukrepe za zmanjšanje škode na električnih in elektronskih
sistemih v zgradbi in je podana v IEC 62305-4,
– tretja skupina se nanaša na zaščitne ukrepe za zmanjšanje fizične škode in škode na
oskrbovalnih vodih, ki so priključeni na zgradbo (predvsem električni in telekomunikacijski vodi)
in je podana v IEC 62305-5.
8
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SIST EN 62305-1: 2006
Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 1. del: Splošna načela
1 Področje uporabe
Ta del IEC 62305 določa splošna načela, ki jih je treba upoštevati pri zaščiti pred delovanjem strele:
– za zgradbe vključno z njihovimi inštalacijami in opremo (vsebinami) ter za osebe,
– oskrbovalne vode, povezane z zgradbo.
Ta standard se ne uporablja v naslednjih primerih:
– za železniške sisteme;
– za vozila, ladje, letala in morske ploščadi;
– za podzemne visokotlačne cevovode;
– za cevovode ter energetske in telekomunikacijske vode, ki niso povezani z zgradbo.
OPOMBA: Za te sisteme ponavadi veljajo posebni predpisi, ki jih izdajo različne specifične oblasti.
2 Zveza s standardi
Spodaj navedeni standardi so nujno potrebni pri uporabi tega dokumenta. Pri datiranem sklicevanju se
upoštevajo samo navedene izdaje. Pri nedatiranem sklicevanju se upoštevajo zadnje izdaje
navedenih dokumentov (vključno s popravki in dopolnili).
IEC 62305-2 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 2. del: Vodenje rizika
IEC 62305-3 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 3. del: Fizična škoda na zgradbah in
nevarnost za živa bitja
IEC 62305-4 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 4. del: Električni in elektronski sistemi v
zgradbah
2
IEC 62305-5 Zaščita pred delovanjem strele – 5. del: Oskrba
3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu so uporabljene naslednje definicije.
3.1
udar strele proti zemlji
atmosfersko električno razelektrenje med oblakom in zemljo, sestavljeno iz enega ali več zaporednih
udarov
3.2
strela navzdol
udar strele, ki je z vodilnim udarom usmerjen od oblaka proti zemlji
OPOMBA: Strela navzdol je sestavljena iz prvega kratkotrajnega udara, ki mu lahko sledijo kratkotrajni udari. Enemu ali
več kratkotrajnim udarom lahko sledi dolgotrajni udar.
3.3
strela navzgor (proti oblaku)
udar strele, ki je z vodilnim udarom usmerjen od zgradbe na zemlji proti oblaku
OPOMBA: Strela navzgor je sestavljena iz prvega dolgotrajnega udara s superponiranimi kratkimi udari ali brez njih.
Enemu ali več kratkotrajnim udarom lahko sledi dolgotrajni udar.
2
V pripravi.
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3.4
udar strele
enkratna električna razelektritev ob udaru strele proti zemlji
3.5
kratkotrajni udar
razelektritveni tok strele, ki ustreza udarnemu toku
OPOMBA: Trajanje polvala T tega toka je krajše od 2 ms (glej sliko A.1).
2
3.6
dolgotrajni udar
razelektritveni tok strele, ki je odvisen od nadaljevalnega toka strele
OPOMBA: Čas trajanja T (tj. čas od 10 % na čelu do 10 % vrednosti na hrbtu) stalnega nadaljevalnega toka je tipično
dolgi
daljši od 2 ms in krajši kot 1 s (slika A.2).
3.7
večkratni udar
udar strele, ki je ponavadi sestavljen iz 3 do 4 udarov s tipičnim intervalnim trajanjem okoli 50 ms
OPOMBA: Ugotovljeni so večkratni udari z nekaj desetimi intervali s trajanjem od 10 ms do 250 ms.
3.8
točka udara
točka, kjer strela udari v zemljo ali v izpostavljen objekt (npr. zgradba, LPS, oskrbovalni vod, drevo
ipd.)
OPOMBA: Udar strele ima lahko več točk udara.
3.9
tok strele, i
tok, ki steče skozi točko udara
3.10
temenska vrednost, I
največja vrednost toka strele
3.11
povprečna strmina čela toka kratkotrajnega udara strele
povprečna hitrost spremembe toka v časovnem intervalu t – t
2 1
OPOMBA: Izražena je z razliko i(t ) – i(t ) jakosti toka na začetku in na koncu tega intervala, deljeno s t – t (glej sliko A.1).
2 1 2 1.
3.12
čas čela toka kratkotrajnega udara strele, T
1
navidezni parameter, ki je definiran kot 1,25-kratnik časovnega intervala med trenutkoma, ko sta
doseženi 10-odstotna in 90-odstotna temenska vrednost (glej sliko A.1)
3.13
navidezna izvorna jakost toka kratkotrajnega udara strele, O
1
točka presečišča časovne osi in premice, ki poteka skozi referenčni točki 10 % in 90 % na čelu toka
strele (glej sliko A.1); točka za 0,1 T prehiteva trenutek, ko tok doseže 10 % temenske vrednosti
1
3.14
čas polovične vrednosti toka kratkotrajnega udara strele, T
2
navidezni parameter, ki je definiran kot časovni interval med navideznim začetkom O in trenutkom, v
1
katerem tok pade na polovico temenske vrednosti
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SIST EN 62305-1: 2006
3.15
trajanje razelektritvenega procesa strele, T
čas, v katerem tok strele teče skozi točko udara
3.16
trajanje toka dolgotrajnega udara strele, T
dolgi
čas trajanja razelektritvenega toka, ko tok med točkama dolgotrajnega udara strele doseže vrednost
od 10-odstotne temenske vrednosti v naraščanju do 10-odstotne temenske vrednosti v upadanju
3.17
naboj strele, Q
strele
časovni integral toka strele v času celotnega trajanja udara strele
3.18
naboj kratkotrajnega udara strele, Q
kratki
časovni integral toka strele kratkotrajnega udara
3.19
naboj dolgotrajnega udara strele, Q
dolgi
časovni integral toka strele dolgotrajnega udara
3.20
specifična energija, W/R
časovni integral kvadrata toka strele v času celotnega trajanja udara strele
OPOMBA: Predstavlja energijo, ki jo tok udara strele sprosti na enoto upornosti.
3.21
specifična energija toka kratkotrajnega udara strele
časovni integral kvadrata toka strele v času trajanja kratkotrajnega udara strele
OPOMBA: Specifična energija dolgotrajnega udara je zanemarljiva.
3.22
ščiteni objekt
zgradba ali oskrbovalni vod, za katerega je zahtevana zaščita pred učinki strele
3.23
ščitena zgradba
zgradba, za katero je zahtevana zaščita pred učinki strele v skladu s tem standardom
OPOMBA: Ščitena zgradba je lahko del večje zgradbe.
3.24
ščiteni oskrbovalni vod
oskrbovalni vod ali napeljava, za katero je zahtevana zaščita pred učinki strele v skladu s tem
standardom
3.25
udar strele v objekt
udar strele, ki udari v ščiteni objekt
3.26
udar strele v bližino objekta
udar strele, ki udari tako blizu ščitenega objekta, da lahko povzroči nevarne prenapetosti
3.27
električni sistem
sistem, ki vključuje komponente napajanja z nizko napetostjo
11
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SIST EN 62305-1 : 2006
3.28
elektronski sistem
sistem, ki vsebuje občutljive elektronske komponente, kot so komunikacijska oprema, računalnik,
kontrolni in instrumentni sistemi, radijski sistemi, močnostna inštalacija za elektroniko
3.29
notranji sistemi
električni in elektronski sistemi v zgradbi
3.30
fizična škoda
škoda na zgradbi (oziroma njenih komponentah) ali na oskrbovalnem vodu, ki nastane zaradi
mehanskih, toplotnih, kemičnih in eksplozijskih učinkov strele
3.
...
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