SIST EN 15289:2011
(Main)Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
This European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. The standard specifies two methods for digestion of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the digest solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this European Standard provided that a validation is carried out as specified.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und Chlor
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und an Chlor in festen Biobrennstoffen fest. Die Norm legt zwei Verfahren für den Aufschluss des Brennstoffs und verschiedene Analysenverfahren für die quantitative Bestimmung der Elemente in den Aufschlusslösungen fest. Der Einsatz automatischer Geräte ist in dieser Europäischen Norm ebenfalls enthalten, sofern eine Validierung, wie im Dokument festgelegt, durchgeführt wird.
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chlore
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des méthodes de détermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chlore des biocombustibles solides. Elle spécifie deux méthodes de digestion du combustible et différentes techniques d'analyse pour la quantification des éléments dans les solutions de digestion. L’utilisation d’équipement automatique est également comprise dans cette Norme européenne sous réserve de procéder à une validation conformément aux spécifications.
Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje celotnega žvepla in klora
Ta evropski standard določa metode za določevanje celotnega žvepla in celotnega klora v trdnih biogorivih. Ta standard določa dve metodi za presnovo goriva in različne analitske tehnike za količinsko določanje elementov v presnovnih raztopinah. Uporaba samodejne opreme je prav tako vključena v ta evropski standard, če je potrditev izvedena, kakor je določeno.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und ChlorBiocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chloreSolid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15289:2011SIST EN 15289:2011en,de01-april-2011SIST EN 15289:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15289:20061DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15289:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15289
February 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15289:2006English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en soufre et en chlore
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Schwefel und Chlor This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 December 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15289:2011: ESIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .54Principle .64.1General .64.2Decomposition of the biofuel and transfer of acidic gaseous components into solution .64.3Determination of sulphate and chloride in the receiving solution .64.4Automatic equipment .65Reagents .75.1General .75.2Water .75.3Oxygen .75.4Combustion aid/enhancer .75.5Use of Certified Reference Materials (CRM or SRM) .76Apparatus .76.1General .76.2Method A .86.3Method B .87Preparation of the test sample .88Procedure .88.1Decomposition .88.1.1Method A: Combustion in a closed bomb .88.1.2Method B: Digestion in a closed vessel . 108.1.3Blank test . 108.2Detection methods. 108.2.1Ion chromatography . 108.2.2Other detection methods . 108.3Calibration of the apparatus . 108.4Analyses of the digests . 119Expression of results . 119.1General . 119.2Total chlorine . 119.3Total sulfur . 1110Performance characteristics . 1211Test report . 12Annex A (informative)
Performance data . 13Bibliography . 15 SIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15289:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15289:2006. In the pre-normative project BIONORM I&II a robustness test has been performed to find out if all critical parameters in the standard were addressed. Based on the results of that test it has been concluded that all critical parameters were covered. Only minor technical changes were necessary which have been implemented in the revised text. The revision also includes a change of deliverable from Technical Specification to European Standard and updated normative references. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 4 Introduction Sulfur and chlorine are present in solid biofuels in varying concentrations. During the combustion process they are usually converted to sulfur-oxides and chlorides. The presence of these elements and their reaction products may contribute significantly to corrosion and to environmentally harmful emissions. Chlorine may be present in different organic and inorganic compounds and should exceed or equal the water soluble amount that can be determined by EN 15105 [2]. Oxygen combustion in a closed oxygen bomb is the preferred method to digest biomass samples for a determination of the total content of sulfur and chlorine. An advantage of the method is that the digestion may be carried out in connection with determination of the calorific value according to EN 14918. Decomposition in closed vessels is an appropriate alternative method. Other analytical techniques (e.g. high temperature combustion in a tube furnace and Eschka method) may also be used. The determination of the resultant chlorine and sulfur compounds can be done by different techniques, e.g. ion chromatography, ICP, titrimetry. Automatic equipment and alternative methods may be used when these methods are validated with biomass reference samples of an adequate type and also meet the requirements of Clause 10. A list with typical sulfur and chlorine contents of biofuels can be found in EN 14961-1. SIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. The standard specifies two methods for digestion of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the digest solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this European Standard provided that a validation is carried out as specified. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN Guide 13:2008, Validation of environmental test methods EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample FprEN 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation EN 14918, Solid biofuels Determination of calorific value EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 15290:2011, Solid biofuels Determination of major elements — Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti EN 15296, Solid biofuels Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another EN ISO 10304-1, Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulphate (ISO 10304-1:2007) EN ISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (ISO 11885:2007) ASTM D516 - 07, Standard Test Method for Sulphate Ion in Water DIN 38405-1:1985, German standard methods for the examination of water, waste water and sludge; anions (group D); determination of chloride ions (D 1) DIN 51727, Testing of solid fuels Determination of chlorine content 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1
Reference Material RM material or substance, one or more of whose property values are sufficiently homogeneous and well established to be used for the calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement method, or for assigning values to materials SIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 6 3.2 Certified Reference Material CRM reference material, accompanied by a certificate, one or more of whose property values are certified by a procedure which establishes traceability to an accurate realization of the unit in which the property values are expressed, and for which each certified value is accompanied by an uncertainty at a stated level of confidence 3.3 NIST Standard Reference Material® SRM CRM issued by NIST that also meets additional NIST-specific certification criteria and is issued with a certificate or certificate of analysis that reports the results of its characterisations and provides information regarding the appropriate use(s) of the material 4 Principle 4.1 General The determination of total sulfur and total chlorine content is performed in two steps (4.2 and 4.3) or by using automatic equipment (4.4). 4.2 Decomposition of the biofuel and transfer of acidic gaseous components into solution Combustion in an oxygen bomb and absorption of the acidic gas components in an absorption solution (method A); Digestion in closed vessels as described in EN 15290:2011, Part A (method B). 4.3 Determination of sulphate and chloride in the receiving solution Ion chromatography applying the principles of EN ISO 10304-1; ICP, applying the principles of EN ISO 11885 (determination as sulfur and chlorine); Other validated analytical methods. NOTE A large number of applicable methods for the quantification of sulphate and chloride exist but detection limits and precision vary significantly. 4.4 Automatic equipment Automatic equipment may be used when the method is validated with biomass reference samples of an adequate biomass type. If automatic equipment is used, sulfur and chlorine compounds may be detected as gaseous components (e.g. by infrared methods). Examples for automatic analysers are e.g. elemental analysers, AOX-analysers. X-ray fluorescence may be used to determine sulfur and chlorine. Usually, the test sample prepared in accordance with FprEN 14780 is pressed with or without elevated temperature into a wafer and the concentration of relevant elements are measured directly in the solid biofuel sample. If automatic equipment or X-ray fluorescence are used, the method shall be validated for the respective main origin based biomass group (see EN 14961-1) according to CEN Guide 13:2008, Clause 3 validation of alternative methods with one of the two approaches: full validation as applies to reference methods; SIST EN 15289:2011
EN 15289:2011 (E) 7 relative validation in which a comparison is made to the reference method e.g. by participation in interlaboratory comparison tests. NOTE Equipment validated only with e.g. straw reference materials is not automatically suitable for the determination of sulfur and chlorine in e.g. wood samples because of the usually significant lower concentrations of the elements in wood and/or the unknown influences of the different matrix. 5 Reagents The reagents listed below relate to the digestion method specified in 8.1.1 (method A). Reagents for the digestion method B and the different detection methods according to 8.2 are specified in the corresponding standards. 5.1 General All reagents shall be at least of anal
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