F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies

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1.1 This practice is intended to be used to assign part grade across the automotive industry. For this standard the term classification was changed to grade to avoid confusion with existing classifications in the automotive industry.  
1.2 See Practice F3572 for aviation part classifications and NASA-STD-6030 for spaceflight part classifications.  
1.3 This practice is applicable to all AM technologies defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 used in automotive.  
1.4 This practice is intended to be used to establish a metric for AM parts in downstream documents.  
1.5 This practice is not intended to establish criteria for any downstream processes, but rather to establish a metric that these processes can use.  
1.6 The part grade metric could be utilized by the engineering, procurement, non-destructive inspection, testing, qualification, or certification processes used for AM automotive parts.  
1.7 The grading scheme in this practice establishes a consistent methodology to define and communicate the consequence of failure associated with AM automotive parts.  
1.8 The material or process, or both, in general does not affect the consequence of failure of a part, therefore the grading scheme defined in this document may be used outside AM.  
1.9 The user of this standard should not assume regulators’ endorsement of this standard as accepted mean of compliance.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additive manufacturing of stainless steel alloy (UNS S31603) components by means of laser and electron beam-based full melt powder bed fusion processes. The components produced by these processes are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.
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1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of UNS S31603 components by means of laser and electron beam-based full melt powder bed fusion processes. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS S31603 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 The compositional requirements specified in this specification do not meet the compositional requirements for surgical implant grade UNS S31673.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are included only for informational purposes.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to directed energy deposition (DED) systems and processes, including electron beam, laser beam, and arc plasma based systems, as well as applicable material systems.  
5.2 Directed energy deposition (DED) systems have the following general collection of characteristics: ability to process large build volumes (>1000 mm3), ability to process at relatively high deposition rates, use of articulated energy sources, efficient energy utilization (electron beam and arc plasma), strong energy coupling to feedstock (electron beam and arc plasma), feedstock delivered directly to the melt pool, ability to deposit directly onto existing components, and potential to change chemical composition within a build to produce functionally graded materials. Feedstock for DED is delivered to the melt pool in coordination with the energy source, and the deposition head (typically) indexes up from the build surface with each successive layer.  
5.3 Although DED systems can be used to apply a surface cladding, such use does not fit the current definition of AM. Cladding consists of applying a uniform buildup of material on a surface. To be considered AM, a computer aided design (CAD) file of the build features is converted into section cuts representing each layer of material to be deposited. The DED machine then builds up material, layer-by-layer, so material is only applied where required to produce a part, add a feature or make a repair.  
5.4 DED has the ability to produce relatively large parts requiring minimal tooling and relatively little secondary processing. In addition, DED processes can be used to produce components with composition gradients, or hybrid structures consisting of multiple materials having different compositions and structures. DED processes are also commonly used for component repair and feature addition.  
5.5 Fig. 1 gives a general guide as to the relative capabilities of the main DED processes compared to others currently used for meta...
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1.1 Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is used for repair, rapid prototyping and low volume part fabrication. This document is intended to serve as a guide for defining the technology application space and limits, DED system set-up considerations, machine operation, process documentation, work practices, and available system and process monitoring technologies.  
1.2 DED is an additive manufacturing process in which focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited.  
1.3 DED Systems comprise multiple categories of machines using laser beam (LB), electron beam (EB), or arc plasma energy sources. Feedstock typically comprises either powder or wire. Deposition typically occurs either under inert gas (arc systems or laser) or in vacuum (EB systems). Although these are the predominant methods employed in practice, the use of other energy sources, feedstocks and atmospheres may also fall into this category.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. All units of measure included in this guide are accepted for use with the SI.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of parts manufactured via laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processing of niobium-hafnium alloy used in spaceflight applications. Parts made using this processing method are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties like wrought products. Products built to this specification may require additional post-processing in the form of machining, polishing etc. to meet necessary surface finish and dimensional tolerances.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of PBF-LB R04295 parts for defining the requirements based on classification methodology. These requirements shall be agreed upon by the part supplier and purchaser.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining parts that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of committee members.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are included only for informational purposes.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Overview:  
4.1.1 Assurance of product quality is derived from careful attention to many factors but is not limited to raw material acceptance, software workflow definition, product and process design and control, printing and post processing, equipment and systems installation, maintenance, and in-process and end-product testing.  
4.1.2 By managing these factors, a manufacturer can establish confidence that all finished manufactured units from successive lots will be acceptable and meet lot release criteria.  
4.1.3 The basic principles of quality assurance (QA) have as their goal the production of articles that are fit for their intended use. These principles may be stated as:
4.1.3.1 Quality, safety, and effectiveness shall be designed and built into the product as well as the production process.
4.1.3.2 AM product characteristics all cannot currently be verified after the process without destructive testing and therefore requires validation. Suitable consideration should be designed into the product and controls should be applied to the process during process validation.
4.1.3.3 Critical steps of the production process impacting quality shall be controlled to maximize the probability that the finished product meets all quality and design specifications.  
4.1.4 Process validation is a key element in ensuring that these QA goals are met. Routine end-product testing alone is often not sufficient to assure product quality. Some end-product tests have limited sensitivity. In some cases, destructive testing would be required to show that the manufacturing process is adequate, and in other situations, end-product testing does not reveal all variations that may occur in the product that may have an impact on device performance. However, successfully validating a process may reduce the dependence on intensive in-process and finished product testing. Note that, in most cases, end-product testing plays a major role in supporting QA goals, that is, validati...
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1.1 This practice provides an overview of how to perform process validation for medical devices manufactured using PBF/LB/M. The topics that will be covered include machine qualifications, software used in the manufacturing process, the importance of design specification and verification on process validation, and raw materials.  
1.2 This practice also provides recommendations for process characterization, risk management, additive manufacturing (AM) facility qualification, and process control as a prerequisite for qualification activity, including installation qualification/operational qualification/performance qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ).  
1.3 The practice is primarily focused on non-device-specific AM system(s) validation. Additional information may be needed in reference to the performance of the actual device.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The overall aim of this guide is to support AM users with the selection of the optimum re-use strategy for their AM process and end-use application, and provide guidance on how to implement re-use strategies in their organization.  
4.2 This guide suggests possible control measures that AM users can use to maintain powder quality, and factors to consider when validating selected re-use strategies, including guidance on sampling techniques.  
4.3 This guide is intended for metal powders used in Powder Bed Fusion processes.
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1.1 This guide:  
1.1.1 Defines key powder re-use variables and factors affecting powder re-use strategies.  
1.1.2 Outlines implications associated with implementation of powder re-use strategies based on selection of powder re-use variables and factors.  
1.1.3 Provides guidance to AM users in selection of factors in powder re-use variables depending on considered material type, AM process type and end-use application.  
1.1.4 Provides guidance on key process variables affecting powder properties, and considerations to mitigate their effects.  
1.1.5 Identifies key powder properties that may be affected by powder re-use and provides AM users guidance on control measures that can be exploited to ensure quality of re-used powder.  
1.1.6 Provides recommendations and guidance on factors to consider when implementing powder re-use strategies.  
1.1.7 Provides information on how to design a powder re-use study to validate the selected re-use variables.  
1.1.8 Summarizes sampling techniques and provides recommendations to AM users on sampling technique selection, and suitability of sampling techniques for powder re-use strategies.  
1.1.9 Provides factors to consider when designing a powder sampling study to validate the selected sampling technique.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard units. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The overall objective of this practice is to provide recommendations for the systematic acquisition of image data that indicate the health condition of the wear-sensitive SPW in PBF-LB/M machines. These data may allow a user to determine calibration and maintenance cycles based on the actual health condition of the SPW.  
4.2 The recommendations are intended for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of PBF-LB/M machines to provide guidance for the implementation of sensor systems to acquire spatially resolved data about the health condition of the SPW.  
4.3 The recommendations are intended for users of PBF-LB/M machines to provide guidance for the assessment of the actual health condition of the SPW to:  
4.3.1 Flag when a calibration or maintenance of the optical system is needed and alert the user or OEM to perform the calibration or maintenance and  
4.3.2 Generate statistical estimates for the useful life, or critical health state, of the SPW based on data recorded over the long term. The statistics may be used to derive maintenance cycles that allow a better utilization of the useful life of the SPW than current predetermined maintenance cycles.
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1.1 This practice provides:  
1.1.1 Recommendations for the design and integration of an area scan camera system (referred to as “camera system”) into a laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) machine to assess the health condition of the scanner protective window (SPW),  
1.1.2 Recommendations for data acquisition with the aforementioned system,  
1.1.3 Description of a methodology for processing the aforementioned data, and  
1.1.4 Recommendation on ex-situ measurements of laser beam parameters and part properties suitable for labeling of the processed condition data.  
1.2 Many of the operational descriptions included in this practice are intended as general overviews. They may not present the detailed information required.  
1.3 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 General:  
5.1.1 This guide is intended to support PBF-LB process and parameter development, part acceptance criteria, and process control tests.  
5.1.2 Flaws and Defects-Fabricating fully dense parts continues to be a challenge in AM as the process intrinsically introduces volumetric flaws into a part reducing the part relative density (that is, increasing porosity or the presence of small voids in a part making it less than fully dense) and mechanical performance.
5.1.2.1 When a flaw reaches a size, shape, location, or criticality that makes it becomes unacceptable for part acceptance, it will be referred to as a defect.
5.1.2.2 Flaw or defect formation is governed by the manufacturing process, build parameters, feedstock, and geometric factors. Therefore, accurate measurement of fabricated part relative density is an important initial step in determining part and process quality.
5.1.2.3 The quantity, size, and shape of the volumetric flaws influences mechanical performance of a part, particularly under cyclic loading. These data could indicate irregularly shaped (for example, LOF pores or microcracking) or spherical porosity (for example, keyhole or entrapped gas porosity) and determine acceptability by assigning criteria. While these metrics can be quantified, in this guide, the general capabilities of each method to capture this data will be highlighted, but detailed recommendations on these data types will not be made and rather the focus will be on relative density measurements.  
5.1.3 Uncertainty and Error-Users should consider that each measurement technique considered in this guide has differing sensitivities to various sized features. The measurement methods will also have different potential systematic errors or measurement uncertainties due to sampling sizes, detection resolution, effect of surface condition, experimental set-up, or reliance on a theoretical material density. It is important that these effects are taken into considerati...
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1.1 In this standard, guidelines for measuring post-manufacturing relative density of metallic additive manufactured (AM) parts and density assessment test specimens are given.  
1.2 In this guide, standard test methods commonly used to measure part relative density and details any procedural changes or recommendations for use with PBF-LB parts are referenced. Extensibility to other types of metallic AM processes may be considered on a case-by-case basis with user discretion.  
1.3 This guide is intended to be applied during the selection process of methods to measure the relative density of AM parts to balance cost, accuracy, complexity, part destruction, and part size concerns.  
1.4 Pore size, shape, and distribution and their implications relative to the AM process and material are beyond the scope of this guide; however, each method’s ability to obtain these metrics is discussed in the context of the various density measurement methods.  
1.5 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As noted in many of the standards in Section 2, there are multiple factors that may influence the reported properties, including material choice, material anisotropy, methods of material storage and preparation, porosity, methods of specimen storage and preparation, orientation and specimen build plate location during fabrication, testing environment, specimen alignment and gripping during testing, testing speed, and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded according to Practice F2971 and the guidelines of the referenced standards. This guide is intended to inform users of best practices for static mechanical testing of additive manufactured polymer specimens fabricated using material extrusion (MEX).
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1.1 This guide covers existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be applicable to determine specific static mechanical properties of polymeric specimens fabricated with the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) process. The test methods covered within this document are recommendations supplied coming from the experience previous material qualification programs have provided. Additional test methods may be considered as well depending when evaluating material performance for specific applications. Recommendations for material handling prior to testing and characterization are included as they can greatly affect material properties. It is for the end user to determine if the recommended tests adequately evaluate the material performance for the intended application.  
1.2 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Determining optimal strategies for the measurement and characterization of surface texture is necessary to increase confidence in the assessment of surfaces and in any further comparisons and correlations sought between manufactured surfaces, manufacturing processes, and desired functionality. Further, measurement and characterization of surface texture have implications in the field of tribology and in the determination and specification of part quality. This guide is designed to provide users of measurement technologies in both industry and academia with good practice for optimizing measurements of surfaces produced by metal powder bed fusion (PBF) manufacturing processes. While the focus of this guide is on surfaces produced by metal PBF, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for surfaces produced by other manufacturing processes.
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1.1 This guide is designed to introduce the reader to techniques for surface texture measurement and characterization of surfaces made with metal powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. It refers the reader to existing standards that may be applicable for the measurement and characterization of surface texture.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide describes the use of torque and angle-of-twist data as a preliminary acceptance criteria for a production run utilizing a previously qualified AM process through periodical or continuous evaluation. A torsion device (for example, torque wrench, instrumented lathe with torque readout) is used to break strategically placed torque specimens within the build volume in the as-built state to provide evidence of build health. If a round of tests from a production run is determined to fall outside of some criteria (for example: 3 standard deviations from the mean or other user defined criteria), additional qualification procedures should be performed to ensure the AM machine or process health are acceptable.
Note 1: It is advantageous to locate the specimen at the same build height and near-critical locations of the part or component being fabricated for the evaluation to be representative of the specific region.  
5.2 This guide is not intended to replace rigorous qualification procedures and should only be considered as a preliminary acceptance criterion to increase confidence that an AM machine or process has not been significantly compromised.
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1.1 This guide illustrates a test specimen geometry and testing protocol that can be used to assess the quality of a metal powder bed fusion build cycle as it could be affected by major system errors (for example, corrupted calibration, disrupted inert gas flow, laser wear) severely affecting the quality of materials fabricated by laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB).  
1.2 This method is designed to interrupt the manufacturing process if poor material quality is identified through go/no-go torque/angle of twist measurements of witness coupons after each fabrication.  
1.3 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The converted file will be organized in a specific structure to reflect the relationship between the in-process monitoring data with the quality of the printing process.  
5.2 This standard file structure will help ensure the data compatibility across various printing systems, analyses, and illustration software. It aims to be self-explaining and easy to use to accommodate data sharing in a large base of users.  
5.3 The converted file can be used for the evaluation of printing quality and the detections of defects and anomalies.
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1.1 This guide provides standardized procedures and requirements for converting acquired in-process monitoring data into one file representing the printing process of powder bed fusion (PBF) for quality evaluation.  
1.2 Many of the operational descriptions included in this guide are intended as general overviews. They may not present the detailed information required.  
1.3 This guide covers:  
1.3.1 Data registration,  
1.3.2 Extraction of in-process data, and  
1.3.3 File conversion and visualization.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of parts via full-melt laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processing of maraging steel alloys. Parts made using this processing method are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties similar to wrought products, either as fabricated or heat treated. Products built to this specification may require additional post-processing in the form of machining, polishing, etc., to meet necessary surface finish and dimensional requirements.  
1.2 Maraging steel (MS) is a class of precipitation hardened steel, where aging heat treatment is used to form precipitates and, consequently, achieve significantly increased hardness and strength. This specification focuses specifically on 300 grade maraging steel, which corresponds to UNS K93120 and EN1.2709. MS grade 300 has higher concentrations of cobalt and titanium than lower grades.  
1.3 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured maraging steel parts for defining the requirements and ensuring part properties.  
1.4 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining parts that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of committee members.  
1.5 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements in Sections S1 to S3.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. All units of measure included in this guide are accepted for use with the SI.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The overall aim of this guide is to provide a common understanding of spreadability in relation to powder bed AM. This guide provides an overview of spreadability parameters and measurement methods that could be used to measure these parameters. These parameters could be used as the basis to develop process specifications for the powder bed.
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1.1 This guide provides definitions of the spreading behavior or spreadability of metal powder feedstock used in powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) – Powder Bed Fusion and Metal Binder Jetting. Definitions are made in terms of powder bed characteristic parameters, and suggests measurement methods that could be used to measure these parameters.  
1.2 This standard is intended for the producers and users of powder feedstock used in powder bed AM to provide a common understanding of spreadability parameters. These parameters can be used as the basis for developing powder specifications that ensure proper powder spreadability.  
1.3 This guide provides guidance to manufacturers and users of AM machines by providing possible techniques to quantify powder bed spreadability, and highlighting possible process parameters that may affect this spreadability. These parameters can be used as the basis for developing process specifications and for developing measures to improve the quality of spreadability in AM processes.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard units. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide will help manufacturers and users of AM powder feedstocks to identify suitable methods for measuring moisture in the feedstocks.  
5.2 This guide will aid control of powder quality and allow powder producers and users of AM machines to assess moisture content of virgin and reused powders.  
5.3 This guide is intended to support acceptance and control tests.  
5.4 Moisture levels are usually relatively low in metallic powder feedstocks (typically lower than 250 µg/g) but could be significantly more important in polymer and ceramic (typically lower than 10 000 µg/g).  
5.5 Moisture may affect powder processability (powder supply and feeding, layer creation) and influence the process and properties of the printed components. As different processes and machines use powders with different characteristics (that is, particle size distribution and shape) and AM machines store and handle powders in different ways, the amount of moisture and its impact may vary significantly depending on the feedstock, process, and machine.  
5.6 A proportion of the water is physisorbed on the surface and can be easily adsorbed and desorbed.  
5.7 A fraction of the water can be strongly bonded to the surface of the powder (that is, chemisorbed) and can be difficult to extract even at temperatures significantly higher than 100 °C. Thus, the water may not all be recovered during the moisture analysis and some water may remain in the samples. Consequently, the values obtained during the tests may be underestimated. As water bonds differently to different materials, the evaporation of water as a function of temperature may vary from one material to another.  
5.8 Because of the reactive nature of powders, water may react with the surface of the powder and form oxides and hydroxides. Thus, the amount of moisture may change with time even if the powder is stored in a tightly sealed container. Reaction of the powder with water may also happen during the analysis as the powder i...
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1.1 This standard provides guidelines for measuring moisture in powder feedstock used in additive manufacturing (AM). It applies to metallic, ceramic, and polymer AM powder feedstocks.  
1.2 This guide provides a description of test methods commonly used to measure moisture and references to their associated standards.  
1.3 This guide provides best practice guidance on how to apply the test methods to make them suitable for AM powder characterization.  
1.4 This guide is suitable for measuring moisture in AM powder feedstock over the range of 10 µg/g to 10 000 µg/g.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of parts manufactured via laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processing of Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) used in transportation applications, including automotive applications. Parts made using this processing method require heat treatment to achieve maximum strength and are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties similar to wrought Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) products. Products built to this specification may require additional post-processing in the form of machining, polishing etc. to meet necessary surface finish and dimensional tolerances.  
1.2 This specification describes the required facility, training, equipment, and processing requirements necessary to support the production of parts with properties and associated quality metrics outlined in a part classification structure.  
1.3 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of PBF-LB Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) parts for defining the requirements based on classification methodology. These requirements shall be agreed upon by the part supplier and purchaser.  
1.4 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining parts that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of committee members.  
1.5 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by additional requirements in the purchase order.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification has been developed to facilitate exchanging and analyzing particle size distribution (PSD) by light scattering data from databases, data management systems, point of origin, or other data sources that may use different data dictionaries, schemas, or formats.  
1.2 This specification prescribes the use of a common exchange format in such a way that PSD data defined through proprietary means can be easily exchanged for process understanding and qualification.  
1.3 This specification facilitates the interoperability of PSD data by identifying the data elements defined in standardized terminology, as well as defining those salient terms with indisputable meanings. In doing so, this specification extends the common AM data dictionary defined in Practice F3490 to encapsulate PSD process-specific data elements. Generic data elements and relationships present in that standard are inherited and applied in this practice where relevant.  
1.4 This specification specifies names that serve to uniquely identify the PSD data elements. The data type, value domain, and term definition for each data element are also specified in this practice. References are provided for those data elements with established definitions or reporting guidelines in existing standards.  
1.5 This specification prescribes a file format and structure for the exchange of PSD data. This format defines a method for sharing data via the defined PSD data elements herein and provides a basis for validation of data exchanged using this format.  
1.6 This specification recommends levels of data sharing that vary from minimal to robust. It prescribes best practices for checking conformance based on the common data exchange format.  
1.7 This specification does not specify:  
1.7.1 An exhaustive set of data items that could be exchanged related to PSD by light scattering.  
1.7.2 A definition of a minimum viable data set for PSD by light scattering.  
1.7.3 Data items or an exchange format for PSD methods other than light scattering, for example, imaging or sieving.  
1.7.4 Data elements for data modules related to PSD (for example, for personnel, material, or equipment).  
1.7.5 The implementation details of how data should be imported to proprietary data management systems from the common data exchange format.  
1.7.6 The implementation details of how data should be exported from proprietary data management systems to the common data exchange format.  
1.7.7 Guidelines for creating unique identifiers for data module records  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Particle characterization, especially particle size distribution, has been an important parameter for quality control (QC) and research and development (R&D) in a very wide variety of industries and markets, anywhere a particulate system is a final product or an intermediate constituent somewhere in the process. But size alone is not a sufficient morphological measurement to use to understand many factors of the complete particle morphology of particulate systems and their effects on other properties. This information is expected to contribute to the understanding of the effects of shape on powder spreadability and flowability in the creation of the bed in powder bed fusion AM and the density and porosity of the final AM parts (definitions in ISO/ASTM 52900 and Terminology B243). Ultimately, specifications can be developed for quality control (QC) tolerances for these shape parameters that can be measured with a straightforward, fast automated analysis
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1.1 This guide explains how to characterize the quality of metal powder feedstock to additive manufacturing (AM) relative to the powder shape using automated static or dynamic image analysis by optical photography. This guide will describe the method(s) to measure powder shape parameters that can identify potentially detrimental powder characteristics and specifically describe how to identify and quantify the proportion of agglomerates/satellites and other irregularly shaped non-spherical powder particles in a powder batch.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice is intended to be used to assign part classifications across the aviation industries that use AM to produce parts.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to all AM technologies defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 used in aviation.  
1.3 This practice is intended to be used to establish a metric for AM parts in downstream documents.  
1.4 This practice is not intended to establish criteria for any downstream processes, but rather to establish a metric that these processes can use.  
1.5 The part classification metric could be utilized by the engineering, procurement, non-destructive inspection, testing, qualification, or certification processes used for AM aviation parts.  
1.6 The classification scheme in this practice establishes a consistent methodology to define and communicate the consequence of failure associated with AM aviation parts.  
1.7 This practice is not intended to supersede the requirements and definitions of the applicable regulations or policies, including but not limited to the ones listed in Annex A1.  
1.8 Tables A1.1-A1.3 align the existing regulations and guidance with the four part classes established herein. However, this alignment should not be construed as an alignment of the existing regulations to each other.  
1.9 The material or process, or both, in general does not affect the consequence of failure of a part, therefore the classification scheme defined in this document may be used outside AM.  
1.10 The user of this standard should not assume regulators’ endorsement of this standard as accepted mean of compliance.  
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document provides guidance to designers who are considering the use of metal Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) method for their products. This guide outlines the following post-processing operations that can be considered after completion of a build on a metal additive manufacturing system:  
1.1.1 Powder removal,  
1.1.2 Thermal post-processing,  
1.1.3 Build platform removal,  
1.1.4 Support removal,  
1.1.5 Machining, and  
1.1.6 Surface finishing.  
1.2 The topics of non-destructive testing (NDT) and inspection are beyond the scope of this document as it requires a comprehensive guide in its own right. Also, outside the scope are other metal PBF processes such as powder bed fusion – electron beam (PBF-EB) and hybrid additive manufacturing (methods combining additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing technologies in a single machine).  
1.3 With respect to existing ISO/ASTM standards, this guide is positioned between ISO/ASTM 52910 and process-specific design guidelines such as ISO/ASTM 52911-1.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In PBF systems, powder is often reused to increase feedstock efficiency by reducing waste. While in many applications the customer can rely on the manufacturer’s validation and verification activities to ensure their PBF process produces parts of the appropriate quality, some medical device regulatory bodies ask for the powder reuse schema to ensure that any effect of powder reuse on final device performance is assessed.5 The intention of this guide is to provide manufacturers, customers, and regulatory bodies concise terminology to describe powder feedstock reuse schema for PBF using metal or polymer feedstock. Additionally, a well-defined powder reuse schema may reduce the risk of feedstock contamination and associated defects within the manufacturer’s quality management system. Each schema represents a broad reuse strategy and is intended to be used as the starting point in describing a powder strategy to customers and regulatory bodies. While the focus of this guide is for medical applications, the schema referenced can be used for non-medical applications.
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1.1 This guide provides a concise approach for users of powder bed fusion (PBF) processes to communicate the method(s) in which feedstock powders are controlled throughout the feedstock lifecycle.  
1.1.1 Regulatory bodies may require descriptions of used powder reuse schemes in a submission. This is because a medical device's performance can be affected by the condition of the powder feedstock and current regulations are not prescriptive to powder.  
1.1.2 This guide is intended for users of both polymer and metal feedstock powders.  
1.2 This guide does not cover powder specifications, recycling strategy, blending processes, lot control, or address contamination prevention.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard can be used by AM data-system developers to design or update a database that meets business and process requirements. The information modules provide a foundation for an AM data structure. Standard definitions of data elements, their data types, and allowable values can be used directly to define the attributes for AM databases.  
5.2 This standard is intended for organizations and personnel who wish to share AM data or who develop AM data management systems. The information modules defined in this standard represent a primary set of AM concepts. These concepts can be used to develop a common data model and a common data-exchange format, thereby enabling the transfer of data between different AM data management systems. Since legacy AM data management systems may use different data element definitions, translators will be needed to map their proprietary data into the common data exchange format. This common format will support both exporting from and importing to the original native formats.  
5.3 This standard serves as the source for creating common definitions of and representations for all the AM data elements that have been agreed-upon by the community. Previously, standard definitions existed for only a few, high-level, data elements. This limited the ability of organizations to share AM data elements that were not included in those standards. Additionally, most commercially available AM data management software applications used each organization’s internally defined data elements, thereby inadvertently hindering the ability to easily share full AM data sets with other organizations’ software solutions.  
5.4 This standard significantly eases the communication and use of AM data elements across the industry. It does this by providing, in a single location, a common understanding of individual elements within 15 information modules. Each organization can have increased confidence in using and analyzing AM data sets that adhere to this stan...
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1.1 The scope of this document outlines the interpretation of additive manufacturing (AM) data. Currently, legacy AM data is stored in different databases or data management systems, each of which uses its own data dictionary. A common data dictionary allows AM data pedigree to be discovered, mapped, federated, and analyzed to improve both the understanding and qualification of AM processes and parts.  
1.2 A common data dictionary facilitates the interoperability, searchability, and reusability of AM data by (1) identifying the general AM data pedigree elements already defined in a standardized terminology and (2) defining those salient terms with indisputable semantics (meanings). The goal of this document is to provide a first subset of the common data dictionary by which AM data may be collected, curated, and shared, regardless of which technology platform and software are used for data storage and exchange.  
1.3 The common data dictionary also specifies a way to group AM data pedigree into fifteen information modules pertaining to different aspects of the entire additive manufacturing process.  
1.4 The common data dictionary approach specifies data element names that serve to uniquely identify the AM data elements. The data type, value domain, and term definition for each data element are also specified in this practice. References are provided for those data elements with established definitions in existing standards.  
1.5 The data elements identified in this common data dictionary are considered essential, because they are most frequently encountered in AM, process agnostic and technology independent. They are broadly applicable to all the process categories defined in ISO/ASTM 52900. It is intended to be a starting point, not all-encompassing.  
1.6 The common data dictionary does not specify:  
1.6.1 A complete set of data items to be exchanged through AM development lifecycle and value chains.  
1.6.2...

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1.1 This document specifies the features of MEX/P and provides detailed design recommendations.  
1.2 Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other AM processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.  
1.3 This document also provides a state of the art review of design guidelines associated with the MEX/P by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by supplementing the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N06625) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N06625 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to plastic parts that are created using powder bed fusion processes, including unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. The requirements are intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts. The specification covers process classification, ordering information, materials (material specification and virgin powder), fabrication of test specimens, and material processing. Dimensional tolerances, source inspection, retest and rejection of parts, material and process certification, certification for parts, and identification marking of product are also specified, together with part packaging and package marking. A figure presents the specifications for mechanical testing of powder bed fusion polymer parts.
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1.1 This specification describes a method for defining requirements and ensuring component integrity for plastic parts created using powder bed fusion processes. Materials include unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. Processes include all powder bed fusion processes as defined in Terminology F2792.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N07718) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N07718 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N07718 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N07718 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determining the properties of the feedstock powder used in these processes is a necessary condition for industry’s confidence in powder selection and ability to produce consistent components with known and predictable properties. The intention of this guide is to provide purchasers, vendors, or producers of metal powder to be used in additive manufacturing processes with a reference for existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be used to characterize properties of metal powders used for additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as a starting point for the future development of a suite of specific standard test methods that will address each individual property or property type that is important to the performance of metal-based additive manufacturing systems and the components produced by them. While the focus of this standard is on metal powder, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for non-metal powders.
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1.1 This guide introduces the reader to techniques for metal powder characterization that may be useful for powder-based additive manufacturing processes including binder jetting, directed energy deposition, and powder bed fusion. It refers the reader to other, existing standards that may be applicable for the characterization of virgin and used metal powders processed in additive manufacturing systems.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. It indicates the classifications of the components, the feedstock used to manufacture Class 1, 2, and 3 components, as well as the microstructure of the components. This specification also identifies the mechanical properties, chemical composition, and minimum tensile properties of the components.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more Supplementary Requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S16.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard covers the classification of materials, ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, process, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal processing, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and mass, permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, and quality program requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V ELI components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S16 in Specification F2924.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Due to variables unique to each AM process and piece of equipment, it is critical to standardize descriptions used to report the preparation, processing, and post processing of specimens produced for tests or evaluation. The intent of this practice is to consistently document the materials and processing history associated with specimens undergoing test or evaluation. The level of detail for the documentation will match the application.  
4.2 This practice establishes minimum data element requirements for reporting of material and process data for the purpose of:  
4.2.1 Standardizing test specimen descriptions and test reports,  
4.2.2 Assisting designers by standardizing AM materials databases,  
4.2.3 Aiding material traceability through testing and evaluation,  
4.2.4 Capturing property-parameter-performance relationships of AM specimens to enable predictive modeling and other computational approaches.
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1.1 This practice describes a standard procedure for reporting results by testing or evaluation of specimens produced by additive manufacturing (AM). This practice provides a common format for presenting data for AM specimens, for two purposes: (1) to establish further data reporting requirements, and (2) to provide information for the design of material property databases.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are required for all additive manufacturing related standards. However, when this standard is used in combination with any test method or equipment specified in inch-pound units the results should be reported with mathematical conversions to SI units immediately following in parentheses. The conversions shall be provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a framework for an interchange format to address the current and future needs of the additive manufacturing technology. The additive manufacturing file (AMF) may be prepared, displayed, and transmitted on paper or electronically, provided the requirements presented in this specification are met. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML) schema is required to support standards-compliant interoperability.
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1.1 This document provides the specification for the Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF), an interchange format to address the current and future needs of additive manufacturing technology.  
1.2 This document specifies the requirements for the preparation, display and transmission for the AMF. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML)(1)2 schema supports standards-compliant interoperability.
Note 1: A W3C XML schema definition (XSD) for the AMF is available from ISO from http://standards.iso.org/iso/52915 and from ASTM from www.astm.org/MEETINGS/images/amf.xsd. An implementation guide for such an XML schema is provided in Annex A1.  
1.3 It is recognized that there is additional information relevant to the final part that is not covered by the current version of this document. Suggested future features are listed in Annex A2.  
1.4 This document does not specify any explicit mechanisms for ensuring data integrity, electronic signatures and encryptions.

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1.1 This document specifies the features of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) and provides detailed design recommendations. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of DED by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.
Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Although many additive manufacturing systems are based heavily upon the principles of Computer Numerical Control (CNC), the coordinate systems and nomenclature specific to CNC are not sufficient to be applicable across the full spectrum of additive manufacturing equipment. This terminology expands upon the principles of ISO 841 and applies them specifically to additive manufacturing. Although this terminology is intended to complement ISO 841, if there should arise any conflict, this terminology shall have priority for additive manufacturing applications. For any issues not covered in this terminology, the principles in ISO 841 may be applied.  
3.2 Furthermore, this terminology does not prescribe the use of any specific existing testing methodologies or standards that practitioners of AM may wish to employ for testing purposes; however, it is expected that practitioners will employ appropriate existing methodologies and standards to test parts made by AM.
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1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with coordinate systems and testing methodologies for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers, educators, press/media, and others, particularly when reporting results from testing of parts made on AM systems. Terms included cover definitions for machines/systems and their coordinate systems plus the location and orientation of parts. It is intended, where possible, to be compliant with ISO 841 and to clarify the specific adaptation of those principles to additive manufacturing.
Note 1: The applicability of this standard to cladding has to be evaluated. Discussions are under progress.
Note 2: Non-cartesian systems are not covered by this standard.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document defines and specifies requirements for purchased parts made by additive manufacturing.  
1.2 It gives guidelines for the elements to be exchanged between the customer and the part provider at the time of the order, including the customer order information, part definition data, feedstock requirements, final part characteristics and properties, inspection requirements, and part acceptance methods.  
1.3 It is applicable for use as a basis to obtain parts made by additive manufacturing that meet minimum acceptance requirements. More stringent part requirements can be specified through the addition of one or more supplementary requirements at the time of the order.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This standard serves as a guide to existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be applicable to determine specific mechanical properties of materials made with an additive manufacturing process.  
1.2 As noted in many of these referenced standards, there are several factors that may influence the reported properties, including material, material anisotropy, method of material preparation, porosity, method of specimen preparation, testing environment, specimen alignment and gripping, testing speed, and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded, to the extent that they are known, according to Practice F2971 and the guidelines of the referenced standards.  
1.3 The following standards are not referred to directly in the guide but also have information that may be useful in the testing of metal test specimens made via additive manufacturing: A370, A1058, B211, B348, B557, B565, B724, B769, E3, E6, E7, E290, E467, E468, E837, E915, E1049,E1823, E1942.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide addresses IQ, OQ, and PQ issues directly related to the AM machine and connected equipment. Physical facility, personnel, process and material issues are only included to the extent necessary to support machine qualification.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document specifies the features of Directed Energy Deposition (DED) and provides detailed design recommendations. This document also provides a state-of-the-art review of design guidelines associated with the use of DED by bringing together relevant knowledge about this process and by extending the scope of ISO/ASTM 52910.
Some of the fundamental principles are also applicable to other additive manufacturing (AM) processes, provided that due consideration is given to process-specific features.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This document gives guidelines and best practices for using additive manufacturing (AM) in product design.  
1.2 It is applicable during the design of all types of products, devices, systems, components, or parts that are fabricated by any type of AM system. These guidelines help determine which design considerations can be utilized in a design project or that can be utilized to take advantage of the capabilities of an AM process.  
1.3 General guidance and identification of issues are supported, but specific design solutions and process-specific or material-specific data are not supported. The intended audience comprises three types of users:  
1.3.1 designers who are designing products to be fabricated in an AM system and their managers,  
1.3.2 students who are learning mechanical design and computer-aided design,  
1.3.3 developers of AM design guidelines and design guidance systems.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide applies to directed energy deposition (DED) systems and processes, including electron beam, laser beam, and arc plasma based systems, as well as applicable material systems.  
5.2 Directed energy deposition (DED) systems have the following general collection of characteristics: ability to process large build volumes (>1000 mm3), ability to process at relatively high deposition rates, use of articulated energy sources, efficient energy utilization (electron beam and arc plasma), strong energy coupling to feedstock (electron beam and arc plasma), feedstock delivered directly to the melt pool, ability to deposit directly onto existing components, and potential to change chemical composition within a build to produce functionally graded materials. Feedstock for DED is delivered to the melt pool in coordination with the energy source, and the deposition head (typically) indexes up from the build surface with each successive layer.  
5.3 Although DED systems can be used to apply a surface cladding, such use does not fit the current definition of AM. Cladding consists of applying a uniform buildup of material on a surface. To be considered AM, a computer aided design (CAD) file of the build features is converted into section cuts representing each layer of material to be deposited. The DED machine then builds up material, layer-by-layer, so material is only applied where required to produce a part, add a feature or make a repair.  
5.4 DED has the ability to produce relatively large parts requiring minimal tooling and relatively little secondary processing. In addition, DED processes can be used to produce components with composition gradients, or hybrid structures consisting of multiple materials having different compositions and structures. DED processes are also commonly used for component repair and feature addition.  
5.5 Fig. 1 gives a general guide as to the relative capabilities of the main DED processes compared to others currently used for meta...
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1.1 Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is used for repair, rapid prototyping and low volume part fabrication. This document is intended to serve as a guide for defining the technology application space and limits, DED system set-up considerations, machine operation, process documentation, work practices, and available system and process monitoring technologies.  
1.2 DED is an additive manufacturing process in which focused thermal energy is used to fuse materials by melting as they are being deposited.  
1.3 DED Systems comprise multiple categories of machines using laser beam (LB), electron beam (EB), or arc plasma energy sources. Feedstock typically comprises either powder or wire. Deposition typically occurs either under inert gas (arc systems or laser) or in vacuum (EB systems). Although these are the predominant methods employed in practice, the use of other energy sources, feedstocks and atmospheres may also fall into this category.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. All units of measure included in this guide are accepted for use with the SI.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additive manufacturing of stainless steel alloy (UNS S31603) components by means of laser and electron beam-based full melt powder bed fusion processes. The components produced by these processes are typically used in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.
This specification covers Condition A and Condition B components, manufacturing plan, feedstock, processing, chemical composition, mechanical properties, microstructural requirements, thermal post-processing, hot isostatic pressing, retests, inspection and certification, product marking and packaging, and quality program requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers additive manufacturing of UNS S31603 components by means of laser and electron beam-based full melt powder bed fusion processes. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS S31603 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 The compositional requirements specified in this specification do not meet the compositional requirements for surgical implant grade UNS S31673.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other units are included only for informational purposes.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a framework for an interchange format to address the current and future needs of the additive manufacturing technology. The additive manufacturing file (AMF) may be prepared, displayed, and transmitted on paper or electronically, provided the requirements presented in this specification are met. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML) schema is required to support standards-compliant interoperability.
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1.1 This International Standard provides the specification for the Additive Manufacturing File Format (AMF), an interchange format to address the current and future needs of additive manufacturing technology.  
1.2 The AMF may be prepared, displayed and transmitted provided the requirements of this specification are met. When prepared in a structured electronic format, strict adherence to an extensible markup language (XML)(1)2 schema is required to support standards-compliant interoperability.  
1.3 A W3C XML schema definition (XSD) for the AMF is available from ISO from http://standards.iso.org/iso/52915 and from ASTM from www.astm.org/MEETINGS/images/amf.xsd. An implementation guide for such an XML schema is provided in Annex A1.  
1.4 It is recognized that there is additional information relevant to the final part that is not covered by the current version of this International Standard. Suggested future features are listed in Annex A2.  
1.5 This International Standard does not specify any explicit mechanisms for ensuring data integrity, electronic signatures, and encryptions.

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1.1 This International Standard establishes and defines terms used in additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which applies the additive shaping principle and thereby builds physical 3D geometries by successive addition of material.  
1.2 The terms have been classified into specific fields of application.  
1.3 New terms emerging from the future work within ISO/TC 261 and ASTM F42 will be included in upcoming amendments and overviews of this International Standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N07718) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N07718 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N07718 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N07718 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This standard serves as a guide to existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be applicable to determine specific mechanical properties of materials made with an additive manufacturing process.  
1.2 As noted in many of these referenced standards, there are several factors that may influence the reported properties, including material, material anisotropy, method of material preparation, porosity, method of specimen preparation, testing environment, specimen alignment and gripping, testing speed, and testing temperature. These factors should be recorded, to the extent that they are known, according to Practice F2971 and the guidelines of the referenced standards.  
1.3 The following standards are not referred to directly in the guide but also have information that may be useful in the testing of metal test specimens made via additive manufacturing: A370, A1058, B211, B348, B557, B565, B724, B769, E3, E6, E7, E290, E467, E468, E837, E915, E1049,E1823, E1942.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to plastic parts that are created using powder bed fusion processes, including unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. The requirements are intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts. The specification covers process classification, ordering information, materials (material specification and virgin powder), fabrication of test specimens, and material processing. Dimensional tolerances, source inspection, retest and rejection of parts, material and process certification, certification for parts, and identification marking of product are also specified, together with part packaging and package marking. A figure presents the specifications for mechanical testing of powder bed fusion polymer parts.
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1.1 This specification describes a method for defining requirements and ensuring component integrity for plastic parts created using powder bed fusion processes. Materials include unfilled formulations and formulations containing fillers, functional additives (for example, flame retardant), and reinforcements or combinations thereof. Processes include all powder bed fusion processes as defined in Terminology F2792.  
1.2 This specification is intended for use by manufacturers of plastic parts using powder bed fusion and for customers procuring such parts.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Determining the properties of the feedstock powder used in these processes is a necessary condition for industry’s confidence in powder selection and ability to produce consistent components with known and predictable properties. The intention of this guide is to provide purchasers, vendors, or producers of metal powder to be used in additive manufacturing processes with a reference for existing standards or variations of existing standards that may be used to characterize properties of metal powders used for additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as a starting point for the future development of a suite of specific standard test methods that will address each individual property or property type that is important to the performance of metal-based additive manufacturing systems and the components produced by them. While the focus of this standard is on metal powder, some of the referenced methods may also be appropriate for non-metal powders.
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1.1 This guide introduces the reader to techniques for metal powder characterization that may be useful for powder-based additive manufacturing processes including binder jetting, directed energy deposition, and powder bed fusion. It refers the reader to other, existing standards that may be applicable for the characterization of virgin and used metal powders processed in additive manufacturing systems.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard covers the classification of materials, ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, process, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal processing, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and mass, permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, and quality program requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V ELI components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S16 in Specification F2924.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N06625) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N06625 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N07718 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N07718 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N06625) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
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1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N06625 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.