ASTM D1858-63(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Creosote-Petroleum Solution (Withdrawn 2006)
Standard Specification for Creosote-Petroleum Solution (Withdrawn 2006)
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creosote-petroleum solution for use in the preservative treatment of timber.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers creosote-petroleum solution for use in the preservative treatment of timber.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D07 on Wood, this specification was withdrawn without replacement in July 2006.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1858 – 63 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
Creosote-Petroleum Solution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1858; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Composition
1.1 This specification covers creosote-petroleum solution 3.1 Creosote-petroleum solution shall consist of specified
for use in the preservative treatment of timber. proportions of coal-tar creosote conforming to Specification
D 390,andpetroleumconformingtoSpecificationD 1859.The
2. Referenced Documents
creosote-petroleum solution shall contain not less than 50
2.1 ASTM Standards: volume percent of the creosote.
D 390 Specification for Coal-Tar Creosote for the Preserva-
4. Test Methods
tive Treatment of Piles, Poles, and Timbers for Marine,
Land, and Fresh Water Use 4.1 Once these materials have been blended, there is no
D 1859 SpecificationforPetroleumforBlendingwithCreo- existing standard method to determine the relative amounts of
sote the components. Therefore, each of the components shall be
2.2 Other Standard: analyzed separately before blending for conformance to the
AWPA P3 Standard for Creosote-Petroleum Oil Solution respective specifications.
5. Keywords
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood
5.1 creosote-petroleum
...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Limitations have been established on formaldehyde emission levels for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and for similar industrial products. This test method is used in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD Rules and Regulations 24 CFR 3280 for manufactured housing, California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation 93120, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770, and by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495 for housing units and building materials. This test method provides a means of testing small-size samples to determine formaldehyde emission potential.
3.2 This test method incorporates a desiccator, with the desiccant removed, having a 250 mm (10 in.) inside diameter and a volume of approximately 10.5 L (641 in.3) with the desiccator lid in place. Conditions controlled in the procedure are as follows:
3.2.1 Conditioning of panel products prior to testing,
3.2.2 Specified number, size, and edge sealing of wood specimens to be placed in the desiccator,
3.2.3 Test desiccator temperature, and
3.2.4 Samples from the 25 mL distilled water collection medium in the petri dish bottom are analyzed for formaldehyde at the end of a 2-h period in the closed desiccator.
3.3 This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions to assess formaldehyde emission potential from certain wood products. When the relationship between desiccator test values and large-chamber test values are to be determined, the values for the specific wood panel product type shall be plotted. This test method does allow a comparison of formaldehyde levels from different products for the same use.
3.3.1 Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to actual formaldehyde emission from products under actual use conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a small scale procedure for measuring formaldehyde emission potential from wood products under defined test conditions. The formaldehyde level is determined by collecting air-borne formaldehyde in a small distilled water reservoir within a closed desiccator. The quantity of formaldehyde is determined by a modification of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may be used to determine formaldehyde emission potential provided that such methods give similar results to the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be noted. Procedures based on acetylacetone and pararosaniline have been found to give similar results to chromotropic acid in other test methods used in determining formaldehyde emission potential from wood products (see Test Method E1333).
1.2 Wood products typically evaluated by this test method are made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and include particle-board, hardwood plywood, and medium-density fiberboard. This test method is used for product quality control and is a small bench test method that correlates with the large-scale acceptance test for determining formaldehyde levels from wood products, Test Method E1333. Alternative conditioning intervals may give better correlation, such as seven day conditioning that parallels Test Method E1333. The general desiccator testing procedure may be modified for different conditioning times to accommodate its use in manufacturing quality control. However, the test results must be properly qualified and the conditioning time employed must be noted.
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of treated or untreated cellulosic material for its resistance to subterranean termites. This test should be considered as a screening test for treated material and further evaluation by field methods is required. Different kinds of equipment and materials to be used in the evaluation of the cellulosic material include containers, glass or clean plastic, tray, enamel, stainless steel, paper towels, and volatile chemicals. Southern yellow pine (SYP) sapwood with no visible defects and smoothed surfaces shall be evaluated by using reagents like benzalkonium chloride solution and distilled water. Other wood species may be used, but in each separate test using other species as the major test wood, five SYP sapwood blocks should be used as additional controls to permit the correlation of test results among laboratories. A block evaluation with corresponding rating system shall be performed by visualization method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of treated or untreated wood for its resistance to subterranean termites. This test is considered as a screening test for treated material and further evaluation by field methods is required.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Design values obtained from 4.2 are permitted for use in design where the end-use temperature does not exceed 38 °C (100 °F).
5.1.1 The mean test values for the properties evaluated in 4.2 (ftr,0) and 4.3 (ftr,108) shall be used to determine design value adjustment factors for FRT LVL that will be exposed to end-use temperatures in excess of 38 °C (100 °F) but not exceeding 66 °C (150 °F). Temperature adjustment factors in accordance with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) shall also be applied in these applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the evaluation of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) pressure-treated with commercially available fire retardants after exposure to both standard environmental conditions and an extended exposure to elevated temperature.
1.2 LVL products utilizing overlays or fire-retardant paints and coatings require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.
1.3 LVL products manufactured for rim board applications require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.
1.4 This practice provides one method to establish design values for fire-retardant treated (FRT) LVL. It is not intended to preclude the use of alternative methods for deriving design values, such as Test Method D5664 and Practice D6841 for FRT lumber.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice describes different methods of exposing fire-retardant-treated wood products or assemblies to controlled accelerated weathering or conditioning.
4.2 The conditioning simulates effects of leaching, drying, temperature, and, in two methods, UV light.
4.3 Method A is the method normally specified for regulatory purposes when testing fire-retardant-treated wood that is intended for exterior applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the durability of a fire-retardant treatment of wood products by exposure to accelerated cycles of wetting, drying, or ultraviolet (UV) exposure, or combination thereof, prior to evaluation by a fire response test. Four conditioning methods are described.
1.2 This practice is applicable to wood products that have been treated with fire-retardant chemicals by pressure impregnation.
1.3 The test specimens are to be in the form of, or suitable for fabrication into, test specimens, such as those described in Test Methods E84, E108, and E1354 and other standard test methods for evaluating the fire performance of fire-retardant-treated wood products.
1.4 The text of these methods references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of these test methods.
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Water is known to penetrate wood substrates, causing dimensional instability and eventual deterioration. Clear water repellent coatings are designed to protect wood from damaging effects of water. This test method is used to evaluate the effectiveness of water repellent coatings on wood soon after application or after long-term exterior exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the effectiveness of clear water repellent coatings on wood before or after exterior exposure.
1.2 Intralaboratory results with this test method can be used to compare the effectiveness of clear water repellent coatings. The agreement between results obtained in different laboratories may be less satisfactory unless a known water repellent is used as a reference.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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3.1 Limitations have been established on formaldehyde emission levels for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and for similar industrial products. This test method is used in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD Rules and Regulations 24 CFR 3280 for manufactured housing, California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation 93120, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770, and by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495 for housing units and building materials. This test method provides a means of testing small-size samples to determine formaldehyde emission potential.
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3.2.1 Conditioning of panel products prior to testing,
3.2.2 Specified number, size, and edge sealing of wood specimens to be placed in the desiccator,
3.2.3 Test desiccator temperature, and
3.2.4 Samples from the 25 mL distilled water collection medium in the petri dish bottom are analyzed for formaldehyde at the end of a 2-h period in the closed desiccator.
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SCOPE
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Note 1: If modifications are made to the conditioning period for quality control purposes, it is important that the modification is consistently applied. Otherwise, the results may not be comparable.
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of treated or untreated cellulosic material for its resistance to subterranean termites. This test should be considered as a screening test for treated material and further evaluation by field methods is required. Different kinds of equipment and materials to be used in the evaluation of the cellulosic material include containers, glass or clean plastic, tray, enamel, stainless steel, paper towels, and volatile chemicals. Southern yellow pine (SYP) sapwood with no visible defects and smoothed surfaces shall be evaluated by using reagents like benzalkonium chloride solution and distilled water. Other wood species may be used, but in each separate test using other species as the major test wood, five SYP sapwood blocks should be used as additional controls to permit the correlation of test results among laboratories. A block evaluation with corresponding rating system shall be performed by visualization method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory evaluation of treated or untreated wood for its resistance to subterranean termites. This test is considered as a screening test for treated material and further evaluation by field methods is required.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In past research experiments, some surface applied fire retardant chemicals improved the fire performance characteristics of natural Christmas trees, whereas other retardants were not effective, or adversely affected tree quality or burning characteristics. These methods are intended to provide a two-step process to determine the effectiveness of surface applied treatments to natural Christmas trees.
4.2 The fire performance of natural trees is highly variable and varies from species to species. Test results from these methods do not intend to provide data for judgment on the absolute fire performance of any natural or treated natural tree, but rather provide a means for comparing the fire performance of treated versus untreated trees.
4.3 These test methods do not take into account the influence of decorations that are added to the tree.
4.4 For Test Method 1, only Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poi.] trees are tested. Although this is one of the most commonly used Christmas trees in the United States, it is possible that results for other tree species will differ from the results for this species.
4.5 For Test Method 2, Large Scale Fire Test, it is important that the treated and untreated tree specimens be evaluated consistently and as simultaneously as possible for adequate comparative results.
4.6 The performance of the treatment will vary depending on the uniformity of the application of the treatment. This quality of application is not determined by these test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a two-step testing process for determining the effectiveness of surface applied treatments for natural Christmas trees to improve fire test response. In order for a treatment to be considered compliant with this standard, the Conditions of Acceptance of both Methods 1 and 2 are to be met.
1.2 The purpose of these test methods is to:
1.2.1 Utilize a detached branch test (Method 1) to screen potential surface-applied fire retardant products and to determine their effectiveness in limiting the spread of flame and the continuation of flaming by comparing the burning characteristics of treated and untreated small Christmas tree branches subjected to a small open Bunsen-burner type flame ignition source, and
1.2.2 Use whole natural Christmas trees (Method 2) to determine the effectiveness of surface applied fire retardants found to be effective in the detached branch test (Method 1) through comparison of heat release rate contribution of treated trees as compared to untreated trees when subjected to an open flame ignition source.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC-MS or GC-FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
SCOPE
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).
Note 1: VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used. Although canisters can be used to sample VOCs, this standard is limited to sampling VOCs from the chamber air using adsorbent tubes.
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Design values obtained from 4.2 are permitted for use in design where the end-use temperature does not exceed 38 °C (100 °F).
5.1.1 The mean test values for the properties evaluated in 4.2 (ftr,0) and 4.3 (ftr,108) shall be used to determine design value adjustment factors for FRT LVL that will be exposed to end-use temperatures in excess of 38 °C (100 °F) but not exceeding 66 °C (150 °F). Temperature adjustment factors in accordance with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) shall also be applied in these applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the evaluation of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) pressure-treated with commercially available fire retardants after exposure to both standard environmental conditions and an extended exposure to elevated temperature.
1.2 LVL products utilizing overlays or fire-retardant paints and coatings require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.
1.3 LVL products manufactured for rim board applications require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.
1.4 This practice provides one method to establish design values for fire-retardant treated (FRT) LVL. It is not intended to preclude the use of alternative methods for deriving design values, such as Test Method D5664 and Practice D6841 for FRT lumber.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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