ASTM D2061-93(1998)

Standard Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the strengths for zipper and zipper parts. All methods are not suitable for use with all kinds of zipper. The restrictions, if any, are indicated in the scope for each individual test method. The test methods appear as follows:  Sections Holding Strengths of Separable Units 25 to 32 Holding Strength of Slider Lock 82 to 90 Holding Strength of Stops 17 to 24 Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 72 to 81 Resistance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 33 to 42 Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 62 to 71 Resistance to Twist of Pull and Slider 52 to 61 Slider Deflection and Recovery 43 to 51 Strength of Chains and Elements 9 to 16
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1998
• ICS: 61.040 - Headgear. Clothing accessories. Fastening of clothing
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.54 - Subassemblies

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2061-03 - Standard Test Methods for Strength Tests for Zippers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2057-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laundering
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2052-05(2022) - Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Drycleaning
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2051-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to Laundering
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2062-03(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2060-14(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2050-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fastener Subassemblies Used in the Manufacture of Textiles
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2053-99(2022) - Standard Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D4465-05(2021) - Standard Performance Specification for Zippers for Dungarees, Jeans, and Work Trousers
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2058-03(2022) - Standard Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to Drycleaning
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2059/D2059M-03(2022) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray (Fog)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2061 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Methods for
Strength Tests for Zippers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2058 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
Drycleaning
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
D 2059 Test Method for Resistance of Zippers to Salt Spray
strengths for zipper and zipper parts. All methods are not
(Fog)
suitable for use with all kinds of zipper. The restrictions, if any,
D 2060 Test Methods for Measuring Zipper Dimensions
are indicated in the scope for each individual test method. The
D 2062 Test Methods for Operability of Zippers
test methods appear as follows:
2.2 U. S. Government Standard:
Sections
MIL-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection
Holding Strengths of Separable Units 25-32
by Attributes
Holding Strength of Slider Lock 82-90
Holding Strength of Stops 17-24
3. Terminology
Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 72-81
Resistance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 33-42
3.1 Definitions:
Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 62-71
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to zippers used in
Resistance to Twist of Pull and Slider 52-61
these test methods, refer to Terminology D 2050. For defini-
Slider Deflection and Recovery 43-51
Strength of Chains and Elements 9-16
tions of other textile terms refer to Terminology D 123.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Significance and Use
standard.
4.1 The usefulness of a zipper in service can be evaluated by
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
these tests. No one test determines the suitability of a zipper for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a specific end use. Since the tests are inter-related more than
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
one may be needed for a complete evaluation.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 These methods are considered satisfactory for accep-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tance testing of commercial shipments because the methods
2. Referenced Documents have been used extensively in the trade for this purpose, and
because estimates of current between-laboratory precision are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptable in most cases.
D 76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
4.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
tiles
reported test results when using Test Methods D 2061 for
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
D 2050 Terminology Relating to Zippers
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
D 2051 Test Method for Durability of Finish of Zippers to
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
Laundering
bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
D 2052 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Dry-
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
cleaning
from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
D 2053 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Light
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
D 2054 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zipper Tapes to
to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
Crocking
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
D 2057 Test Method for Colorfastness of Zippers to Laun-
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
dering
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
Textiles are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.54 on Subassemblies and
the known bias.
were developed in cooperation with the American Fastener and Closure Assn.
Current edition approved June 15, 1993. Published August 1993. Originally
published as D 2061 – 61 T. Last previous edition D 2061 – 87. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2061
4.3 The method(s) in the standard along with those in Test individual container is no more than 10 % of the average,
Methods D 2051, D 2052, D 2053, D 2054, D 2057, D 2058, above or below the true average for the individual container.
D 2059, D 2060, and D 2062 are a collection of proven test
Determine the number of zippers per individual container as
methods. They can be used as aids in the evaluation of zippers
follows:
without the need for a thorough knowledge of zippers. The
6.1.1 Reliable Estimate of v—When there is a reliable
enumerated test methods do not provide for the evaluation of
estimate of v based upon extensive past records for similar
all zipper properties. Besides those properties measured by
materials tested in the user’s laboratory as directed in the
means of the enumerated test methods there are other proper-
method, calculate n using Eq 1.
ties that may be important for the satisfactory performance of
2 2 2 2
n 5 t 3 v /A 5 0.0270 v (1)
a zipper. Test methods for measuring those properties have not
been published either because no practical methods have yet
where:
been developed or because a valid evaluation of the informa-
n 5 number of specimens (rounded upward to a
tion resulting from existing unpublished methods requires an
whole number),
intimate and thorough knowledge of zippers.
v 5 reliable estimate of the coefficient of variation of
individual observations in the user’s laboratory
5. Sampling
under conditions of single-operation precision,
5.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
t 5 1.645, the value of Student’s t for infinite degrees
take at random the number of individual containers from each
of freedom, two-sided limits and a 90 % prob-
shipping carton as directed in an applicable material specifi- 2
ability level (t 5 2.706),
cation or other agreement between the purchaser and the
A 5 10.0 % of the average, the value of the allowable
supplier. Consider individual containers from each shipping
variation, and
2 2
carton to be the primary sampling units.
0.0270 5 a value calculated from t /A
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
6.1.2 No Reliable Estimate of v—When there is no reliable
purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between
estimate of v for the user’s laboratory, Eq 1 should not be used
shipping cartons and between zippers in a container to provide a sampling
directly. Instead, specify the number of specimens shown in
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
Table 1. This number of specimens is calculated using values
quality level, and limiting quality level.
of v which are somewhat larger values of v than are usually
5.2 Laboratory Sample and Test Specimens—As a labora-
found in practice. When a reliable estimate of v for the user’s
tory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of zippers
laboratory becomes available, Eq 1 will usually specify fewer
specified in Section 6 at random from each container in the lot
than the number of specimens shown in Table 1.
sample. Consider the zippers as both the laboratory sample and
6.2 Attributes—For methods for which the test result merely
the test specimens.
states whether there is conformance to the criteria for success
6. Number of Specimens
specified in the procedure, take the number of specimens
directed in MIL Standard 105D for the level of inspection
6.1 Variables—Take a number of zippers per individual
agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The methods to
container from each shipping carton such that the user may
expect at the 90 % probability level that the test result for an which these instructions apply are as follows:
TABLE 1 Specimens Required Under Conditions of Known and Unknown Variability in User’s Laboratory Units as Indicated
No Reliable Estimate of v
Allowable Variation Equation for n, Using a Reliable
Property
Number of
Two-Sided Estimate of v A
Basis
Specimens
Strength of chains and elements:
Chain crosswise strength 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 2 v 5 8.45
Element pull-off 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 5 v 5 12.56
Element slippage, lengthwise 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 7 v 5 14.97
Holding strength of stops:
Top stop, holding 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 17 v 5 24.77
Bottom stop holding, slider 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 22 v 5 28.41
Bottom stop holding, crosswise 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 8 v 5 16.16
Bottom stop holding, stringer separation 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 7 v 5 15.60
Bridge top stop, stringer separation 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 31 v 5 33.75
Holding strength of separable units:
Separable pin 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 7 v 5 15.46
Fixed retainer 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 8 v 5 16.34
Separating unit—crosswise 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v 4 v 5 10.70
Slider deflection and recovery:
2 B
mouth 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v v 5 93.11
2 B
pull 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v v 5 48.20
2 B
Resistance to twist of pull and slider: 10.0 n 5 0.027 3 v v 5 51.4
A
The values of v in Table 1 are somewhat larger than will be usually found in practice (see 6.1.2).
B
No standard number of specimens is given for these tests since they are quite variable and are not recommended for acceptance testing except where the laboratories
of the purchaser and the seller have established their precision and bias, if any.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2061
Sections
Resistance to Cushioned Compression of Sliders 30-38
Resistance to Pull-Off of Slider Pull 56-64
Resistance to Angular Pull-Off of Slider Pull 65-73
Holding Strength of Slider Lock 74-81
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The test specimen may consist of a completely as-
sembled zipper, length of chain, or a component, as specified in
the individual method.
8. Conditioning
8.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium for testing
in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles as directed in
Practice D 1776 unless otherwise specified (see 38.1, 48.1,
57.1, and 77.1). Preconditioning is not required for zippers
other than those made of nylon.
STRENGTHS OF CHAINS AND ELEMENTS
9. Scope
9.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
FIG. 1 Fixture for Element Pull-Off Test
strengths of zipper chains and elements in tensile tests.
9.2 The element pull-off and element slippage tests apply to
separate element zippers only.
10. Summary of Test Method
10.1 Crosswise Strength—The ability of a zipper chain to
withstand lateral stress is measured by loading to destruction a
25.4-mm (1-in.) section of a specimen in a tensile testing
machine equipped with clamps having special jaws.
10.2 Element Pull-Off—The gripping strength of a element
around the bead is determined by pulling a single element from
the bead at right angles to the stringer using a tensile testing
machine fitted with a specially designed fixture.
10.3 Element Slippage—The ability of a element to resist
longitudinal movement along the bead of the tape is deter-
mined with a tensile testing machine fitted with a specially
designed fixture.
11. Significance and Use
11.1 Crosswise Strength—This test method may be used to
determine crosswise strength which measures the resistance of
a zipper to such failures as tape rupture, unmeshing, or element
separation when the zipper is side stressed during use.
11.2 Element Pull-off—This test method may be used to
FIG. 2 Fixture for Element Slippage Test
determine element strength which measures a element’s ability
to resist being fractured or pulled from the bead of the tape
when the zipper is side stressed during use.
correlation between the results obtained with the CRE and CRT
11.3 Element Slippage—This test method may be used to
machines. Consequently, the two machines cannot be used
determine element attachment security and measures a el-
interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRE method shall
ement’s ability to remain on the tape bead in proper position to
prevail.
adjacent elements so that zipper operation can be maintained.
12.2 Jaws—The back jaws of the clamps on the tensile
12. Apparatus
testing machine shall be at least the same width as the front
jaws. The front jaws shall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) wide and have
12.1 Tensile Testing Machine—A CRE type testing machine
conforming to Specification D 76 with a rate-of-traverse of 305 hardened faces with horizontal grooves 1.6 mm ( ⁄16 in.) apart,
0.38 mm (0.015 in.) deep, and be of a V-shape with an included
6 10 mm (12 6 0.5 in.)/min. If preferred, the use of a CRT
tensile testing machine is permitted. There may be no overall angle of 90°.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2061
12.3 Element Pull-off Fixture, designed to grasp the head of 15.2 Report the following information:
the element by two members as shown in Fig. 1. The fixture 15.2.1 The specific property (or properties) evaluated,
must be designed to fit the element under test so as to avoid 15.2.2 Number and description of specimens tested, and
element distortion. 15.2.3 The observed values and nature of failures of each
12.4 Element Slippage Fixture, consisting of a flat plate specimen.
1 1
approximately 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) wide and 2 mm ( ⁄16 in.) thick
16. Precision and Bias
which is twisted 90° midway of its length and bent at one end
16.1 Interlaboratory Test Data —An interlaboratory test
through a 90° angle to give the fixture an“ L” shape. The short
was run in which four laboratories each tested eight specimens,
leg of the “L” shall be slotted so that the two prongs thus
per operator, from each of two materials. Each laboratory used
formed will clear the bead and slip under a
...