ASTM D1037-12(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods cover small-specimen tests for wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are made to provide:
3.2 Data for comparing the mechanical and physical properties of various materials,
3.3 Data for determining the influence on the basic properties of such factors as raw material and processing variables, post-treatments of panels, and environmental influences, and
3.4 Data for manufacturing control, product research and development, and specification acceptance.
3.5 Not all the tests outlined in these test methods may be necessary to evaluate any particular panel for any specified use. In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to determine which tests shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 Part A—General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials—These test methods cover the determination of the properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board.
Section
Significance and Use
3
Apparatus
4
Test Specimens
5
Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements
6
Accelerated Aging
7
Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels
8
Static Bending
9
Tension Parallel to Surface
10
Tension Perpendicular to Surface
11
Compression Parallel to Surface
12
Fastener Holding Tests:
Lateral Nail Resistance
13
Nail Withdrawal
14
Nail-Head Pull-Through
15
Direct Screw Withdrawal
16
Hardness
17
Hardness Modulus
18
Shear in the Plane of the Panel
19
Glue-Line Shear (Block Type)
20
Falling Ball Impact
21
Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester
22
Moisture Tests:
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling
23
Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content
24
Cupping and Twisting
25
Interlaminar Shear
26
Edgewise Shear
27
Compression-Shear
28
1.2 Part B—Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard—The methods for Part B provide test procedures for measuring the following properties of hardboard:
Section
Thickness
32
Modulus of Rupture
33
Tension Strength Parallel to Surface
34
Tension Strength Perpendicular to Surface
35
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling
36
Moisture Content and Specific Gravity
37
1.3 There are accepted basic test procedures for various fundamental properties of materials that may be used without modification for evaluating certain properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials. These test methods are included elsewhere in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. The pertinent ones are listed in Table 1. A few of the test methods referenced are for construction where the wood-base materials often are used.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents are approximate in many cases. 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 lbf = 4.45 N.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1037 − 12 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Methods for
Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
Panel Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1037; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
The test methods presented herein have been developed and are presented to serve two distinct
purposes. They are divided into two parts.
Part A. General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle
Panel Materials—Part A is for use in obtaining basic properties suitable for comparison studies with
other materials of construction. These refined test methods are applicable for this purpose to all
materials covered by Definitions D1554.
Part B. Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for Hardboard—Part B is for specific use in
specifications for procurement and acceptance testing of hardboard. These test methods are generally
employed for those purposes in the industry. By confining their intended use as indicated, it has been
possible to achieve adequate precision of results combined with economy and speed in testing, which
are desirable for specification use.
The choice between a particular test method and its alternative should be made with a full
understandingoftheintendedpurposeofeach,becausevaluesobtainedfromtestsmay,insomecases,
differ. Of the test methods presented in both parts, some have been in generally accepted use for many
years, some are modifications and refinements of previously developed test methods, and some are
more recent developments. Where test methods are suitable for more than one of the purposes, they
are delineated in Part A, but not repeated in Part B. It is the intent that reference to the appropriate
section of the test method shall suffice in specifications developed for the different materials.
1. Scope
Section
Significance and Use 3
1.1 Part A—General Test Methods for Evaluating the Basic Apparatus 4
Test Specimens 5
Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials—
Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements 6
These test methods cover the determination of the properties of
Accelerated Aging 7
wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are produced
Size, Physical Properties and Appearance of Panels 8
Static Bending 9
as mat-formed panels such as particleboard, medium-density
Tension Parallel to Surface 10
fiberboard, hardboard, and oriented strand board.
Tension Perpendicular to Surface 11
Compression Parallel to Surface 12
Fastener Holding Tests:
Lateral Nail Resistance 13
Nail Withdrawal 14
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Nail-Head Pull-Through 15
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Direct Screw Withdrawal 16
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally
Hardness 17
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1037 – 12. DOI:
Hardness Modulus 18
10.1520/D1037-12R20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1037 − 12 (2020)
TABLE 1 Basic Test Procedures for Evaluating Properties of
Section
Wood Base-Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
Shear in the Plane of the Panel 19
Glue-Line Shear (Block Type) 20
ASTM
A
Test Methods for
Falling Ball Impact 21
Designation
Abrasion Resistance by the U.S. Navy Wear Tester 22
C177 Steady-State Heat-Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission
Moisture Tests:
Properties by Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling 23
C209 Cellulosic Fiber Insulating Board
Linear Expansion with Change in Moisture Content 24
C236 Steady-State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by
Cupping and Twisting 25
Means of the Guarded Hot Box
Interlaminar Shear 26
C384 Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by the Imped-
Edgewise Shear 27
ance Tube Method
Compression-Shear 28
C423 Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients by the Re-
1.2 Part B—Acceptance and Specification Test Methods for verberation Room Method
D149 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Elec-
Hardboard—The methods for Part B provide test procedures
trical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
for measuring the following properties of hardboard:
D150 A-C Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of
Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
Section
D257 D-C Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
Thickness 32
D495 High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical
Modulus of Rupture 33
Insulation
Tension Strength Parallel to Surface 34
D1666 Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Tension Strength Perpendicular to Surface 35
D1761 Mechanical Fasteners in Wood
Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling 36
E72 Conducting Strength Tests of Panels for Building Construction
Moisture Content and Specific Gravity 37
E84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
1.3 There are accepted basic test procedures for various
E90 Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of
Building Partitions
fundamental properties of materials that may be used without
E96 Water Vapor Transmission of Materials
modification for evaluating certain properties of wood-based
E97 Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-deg 0-deg, of Opaque Speci-
fiber and particle panel materials. These test methods are
mens by Broad-Band Filter Reflectometry
E119 Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials
included elsewhere in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
E136 Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750°C
The pertinent ones are listed in Table 1. A few of the test
E152 Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
methods referenced are for construction where the wood-base E162 Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy
Source
materials often are used.
E661 Performance of Wood and Wood-Based Floor and Roof Sheathing
Under Concentrated Static and Impact Loads
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E662 Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
as the standard. The SI equivalents are approximate in many
E906 Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Prod-
cases. 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 lbf = 4.45 N.
ucts
A
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
on the ASTM website.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
D3043 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Flexure
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D3501 Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Compression
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
2. Referenced Documents
ment of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
C273 Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Materials
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
PART A—GENERAL TEST METHODS FOR
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
EVALUATING THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF WOOD-
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
BASE FIBER AND PARTICLE PANEL MATERIALS
ticle Panel Materials
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
3. Significance and Use
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
3.1 These test methods cover small-specimen tests for
wood-base fiber and particle panel materials that are made to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or provide:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2 Data for comparing the mechanical and physical prop-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. erties of various materials,
D1037 − 12 (2020)
wood and wood-based materials.
3.3 Data for determining the influence on the basic proper-
ties of such factors as raw material and processing variables,
6.3.3 Water Soaked—Specimens to be tested in the soaked
post-treatments of panels, and environmental influences, and
condition shall be submerged in water at 68 6 2°F (20 6 1°C)
for 24-h (see Note 4) before the test and shall be tested within
3.4 Data for manufacturing control, product research and
30 minutes upon removal from the water.
development, and specification acceptance.
NOTE 4—When it is desired to obtain the effect of complete saturation,
3.5 Not all the tests outlined in these test methods may be
the specimens shall be soaked for a longer period.
necessarytoevaluateanyparticularpanelforanyspecifieduse.
In each instance, therefore, it will be necessary to determine 6.3.4 Accelerated Aging—Accelerated aging cycles shall be
which tests shall be made. completed per Section 7 of this standard.
6.3.5 Other—Other conditioning methods that are designed
4. Apparatus
to meet the test objectives may be employed provided that they
are clearly described in the test report.
4.1 Testing Machine—For strength and fastener holding
tests, any standard testing machine (see Note 1) capable of
6.4 Specimens shall be subjected to the conditioning regi-
applying and measuring the load with an error not to exceed
mens of section 6.3 after they have been cut to the final
61.0 % shall be used as provided in Practices E4.
dimensional sizes required for the test procedures within this
NOTE 1—Some testing machines operated at speeds allowed in these
standard.
test procedures without proper damping devices or in need of adjustment
may yield values in error because of “follow-through” due to mass inertia 6.5 When water soaked conditioning (section 6.3.3), accel-
effects in the weighing system. Care must be exercised in the selection of
erated aging conditioning (section 6.3.4) or other conditioning
testing machines so that values obtained from test are not in error more
method is employed to simulate an application moisture
than the amount stipulated.
exposure:
6.5.1 The sample dimensions and weights shall be recorded
5. Test Specimens
before and after conditioning. Any computed properties shall
5.1 The number of specimens to be chosen for test and the
be reported based upon both the pre-conditioned dimensions or
method of their selection depend on the purpose of the
weight, or both, and upon the dimensions or weight, or both,
particular tests under consideration, so that no general rule can
after the moisture conditioning treatment.
be given to cover all instances. It is recommended that
6.5.2 If the objective is to estimate the relative change in a
whenever possible, a sufficient number of tests be made to
property due to the moisture conditioning treatment, a matched
permit statistical treatment of the test data (see Note 2). In the
set of material shall be tested in the dry (section 6.3.1 or 6.3.2)
evaluation of a panel material, specimens for test should be
condition. The conditioning treatment selected for the matched
obtained from a representative number of panels. In properties
set shall be based upon the test objectives.
reflecting differences due to the machine direction of the panel,
6.6 For all testing within this standard, the moisture condi-
specimens from each panel shall be selected both with the long
tioning method selected and resulting test sample moisture
dimension parallel to the long dimension of the panel, and with
contents shall be reported.
the long dimension perpendicular to the long dimension of the
panel.
7. Accelerated Aging
NOTE 2—Guidance on statistical sampling is provided in Practice
D2915.
7.1 Scope and Significance:
7.1.1 The accelerated aging treatment is one possible con-
6. Moisture Content and Conditioning Requirements
ditioning treatment (see Section 6) and is used to obtain a
6.1 The physical and mechanical properties of building
measureoftheinherentabilityofamaterialtowithstandsevere
panels depend on the moisture content at time of test.
exposure conditions and maintain its mechanical and physical
6.2 The moisture conditioning selection for each test proce-
properties. Appropriate specimens shall be prepared and sub-
dure within this standard depends upon the purpose of the
jected to the six cycles of accelerated aging before the property
particular tests under consideration.All specimens within each
is evaluated. The cycling exposure is a simulated condition
testsampleshallbeconditionedasrequiredtomeetthespecific
developed to evaluate how a material will stand up under aging
test objectives.
conditions.
6.3 The following moisture conditioning regimens are com-
NOTE 5—All of the tests listed in this standard may not be required for
monly employed with the test procedures of this standard: any specific investigation or specification. Static bending (Section 9),
nail-holding (Sections 13–15), and water absorption and thickness
6.3.1 Dry “As Received”—Specimens to be tested “as
swelling (Section 23) tests are usually sufficient to evaluate the resistance
received” shall be tested without supplemental conditioning to
of a wood-base panel material to aging. In some instances it may be
alter the moisture content.
desirable to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on some other
6.3.2 Dry “Conditioned”—Specimens to be tested air-dry
property, including properties outside the scope of this standard.
shall be conditioned to a constant weight and moisture content
...
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