ASTM D4442-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Moisture content is one of the most important variables affecting the properties of wood and wood-based materials. The procedures in these test methods are structured to permit the full range of use from fundamental research to industrial processing. Method A is the reference (primary) standard for determining moisture content of wood and wood-based materials, which is designed for obtaining the most precise values of moisture content consistent with the needs of the user. It provides means of assessing variability contributed by the oven or specimen hygroscopicity, or both. In addition, criteria are described for defining the endpoint in oven-drying. Method B provides relatively simple procedures of measuring moisture content, but generally with a lower precision than Method A. Representativeness of the specimens to the full-size product, including knots, sapwood, and heartwood, needs to be considered. These methods are not recommended for use with treated wood products impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions where the volatile non-wood chemicals contained in the specimen introduce greater bias than desired in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content (MC) of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives. The test procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Method A—Primary Oven-Drying Method
5
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method
6
1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is intended as the sole primary method. It is structured for purposes where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed (for example, research or calibration).
1.3 The secondary oven-drying method (Method B) is intended for the purposes where the primary procedure (Method A) is not desired or justified. Test results in this method are generally less precise than in Method A.
1.4 For materials that have been chemically treated or impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions such that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater bias than desired in the results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are recommended.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4442 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-
1
Based Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
moisturecontent(MC)ofwood,veneer,andotherwood-based
materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical
2. Referenced Documents
additives. The test procedures appear in the following order:
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Sections
MethodA—Primary Oven-Drying Method 5 D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method 6
ucts
1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is in-
D4933Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and
tendedasthesoleprimarymethod.Itisstructuredforpurposes Wood-Based Materials
where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed
2.2 Other Standard:
(for example, research or calibration).
AWPAStandardA6Standard Method for the Determination
of Retention of Oil-Type Preservatives from Small
1.3 The secondary oven-drying method (Method B) is
3
Samples
intended for the purposes where the primary procedure
(Method A) is not desired or justified. Test results in this
3. Terminology
method are generally less precise than in Method A.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 For materials that have been chemically treated or
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
impregnatedwithcreosote,petroleum,andtheirsolutionssuch
Terminology D9.
that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater bias than
3.1.2 moisture content—amount of water contained in the
desired in the results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are
wood, usually expressed as a percentage of the mass of the
recommended.
oven-dry wood (in accordance with Terminology D9).
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The moisture content of wood or other
as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
wood-based materials can be expressed either as a percentage
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard.
of oven-dry mass of the sample (oven-dry basis) or as a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
percentage of the original mass (wet basis). The methods
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
described in this standard refer to the oven-dry basis. Because
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
oven-dry mass is used, moisture content values may exceed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
100%. The term moisture content when used with wood or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
other wood-based materials can be misleading since they
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
frequently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
(extractives that are evaporated when determining moisture
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
content). Definition of the moisture content of wood is further
complicated when determined by a thermal method because of
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
2
Test Methods and Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4442–16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4442-20. the ASTM website.
3
These test methods replace, in part, Test Methods D2016, for Moisture Content Available from American Wood Protection Association (AWPA), P.O. Box
of Wood, discontinued 1989. 361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http://www.awpa.com.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
1
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D4442 − 20
thermaldegrada
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4442 − 16 D4442 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-
1
Based Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content (MC) of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials,
including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives. The test methods below describe primary (A) and secondary (B
through D) procedures to measure moisture content: procedures appear in the following order:
Method A—Primary Oven-Drying Method
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method
Method C—Distillation (Secondary) Method
Method D—Other Secondary Methods.
Sections
Method A—Primary Oven-Drying Method 5
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method 6
1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is intended as the sole primary method. It is structured for research purposes
where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed. needed (for example, research or calibration).
1.3 The secondary methods (B through D) areoven-drying method (Method B) is intended for special purposes or under
circumstances the purposes where the primary procedure (Method A) is not desired or justified. In these procedures, moisture
content values cannot be reported with an accuracy greater than integer percentage values (that is, lower than in Method A).Test
results in this method are generally less precise than in Method A.
1.4 Distillation (secondary) method is intended for use with For materials that have been chemically treated or impregnated with
creosote, petroleum, and their solutions such that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater errorbias than desired in the
results.results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are recommended.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this The
values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016March 1, 2020. Published November 2016April 2020. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20152016
as D4442 – 15.D4442 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4442-16.10.1520/D4442-20.
These test methods replace, in part, Test Methods D2016, for Moisture Content of Wood, discontinued 1989.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4442 − 20
2.2 Other Standard:
3
AWPA Standard A6 Standard Method for the Determination of Retention of Oil-Type Preservatives from Small Samples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, standard, refer to Terminology D9.
3.1.2 moisture content—the amount of water contained in the wood, usually expressed as a percentage of the mass of the
oven-dry wood (in accordance wit
...
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