ASTM D1986-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as well as being a significant quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in centipoise of polyethylene wax using the Brookfield LVT or LVF viscometer and thermosel system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1986 − 13
StandardTest Method for
1
Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscos-
property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as
ity in centipoise of polyethylene wax using the Brookfield LVT
well as being a significant quality control test.
or LVF viscometer and thermosel system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Brookfield Thermosel System, with LVT, LVF, or LVD
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3
111 viscometer and SC 4-31 spindle.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Calibration
6.1 The viscometer is precalibrated using Newtonian fluids
2. Referenced Documents
provided by the manufacturer. No zero adjustment is provided
2
since experience has shown that the zero point will not vary
2.1 ASTM Standards:
due to changes in the spring. The viscometer and spindles are
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
precision equipment and should be kept from undue shock and
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
mishandling. Physical damage to the instrument will often
reveal itself as erratic or no oscillation of the pointer when the
3. Terminology
instrument, with or without the spindle in place, is operated in
3.1 Definitions:
air. When operating normally, the pointer will be stable and
3.1.1 polyethylene wax—polymerized ethylene with a mo-
have free oscillation about the zero point in air.
lecular weight 2,000 to 10,000 and a density of 0.9 to 1.0
6.2 The instrument may be further calibrated using standard
3
g/cm . These polymers can be oxidized or copolymerized but
reference fluids. Suitable fluids are available in nominal
should have a melt point lower than 140°C.
3
viscosities up to 15 000 mPa·s at 149°C (300°F). The proce-
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The dure for instrument calibration using standard reference fluids
viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
is not encompassed by this test method. Results obtained using
liquid in motion. The units of viscosity is the pascal second. standard reference fluids should not deviate from the nominal
For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear viscosity by more than 2 %.
rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depend-
6.3 The temperature controller of the type recommended for
ing on shear rate.
this procedure is factory calibrated and has control capability
of 60.5 % of the control point (61.0°C at 175°C). To further
3.1.3 apparent viscosity—the viscosity determined by this
check the controller and further establish controller settings,
test method and expressed in millipascal seconds. Its value
use the following procedure. Place a sufficient quantity of
may vary with the spindle and rotational speed selected
polyethylene wax in the sample container to permit immersion
because many waxes are non-Newtonian.
of the appropriateASTM thermometer to the proper depth. Do
not permit the thermometer bulb to rest on the bottom of the
sample container. Suitable thermometers are shown in Speci-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
fication E2251.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.02 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
6.4 Insert the thermometer through the insulating cover of
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1986-91(2012). DOI:
the sample container and hold it in place at the point required
10.1520/D1986-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. 11 Commerce
the ASTM website. Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1986 − 13
for proper immersion depth. Adjust the thermal controller to speed (RPM), that will produce a scale reading nearest the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1986 − 91 (Reapproved 2012) D1986 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity in centipoise of polyethylene wax using the Brookfield LVT or
LVF viscometer and thermosel system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard
Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3
3.1.1 polyethylene wax—polymerized ethylene with a molecular weight 2,000 to 10,000 and a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm . These
polymers can be oxidized or copolymerized but should have a melt point lower than 140°C.
3.1.2 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the liquid
in motion. The units of viscosity is the pascal second. For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all shear rates. For a
non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary depending on shear rate.
3.1.3 apparent viscosity—the viscosity determined by this test method and expressed in millipascal seconds. Its value may vary
with the spindle and rotational speed selected because many waxes are non-Newtonian.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is used to determine a physical property of a wax and may determine the utility of the wax, as well as being
a significant quality control test.
5. Apparatus
3
5.1 Brookfield Thermosel System, with LVT, LVF, or LVD 111 viscometer and SC 4-31 spindle.
6. Calibration
6.1 The viscometer is precalibrated using Newtonian fluids provided by the manufacturer. No zero adjustment is provided since
experience has shown that the zero point will not vary due to changes in the spring. The viscometer and spindles are precision
equipment and should be kept from undue shock and mishandling. Physical damage to the instrument will often reveal itself as
erratic or no oscillation of the pointer when the instrument, with or without the spindle in place, is operated in air. When operating
normally, the pointer will be stable and have free oscillation about the zero point in air.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.02 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2012 October 2013. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D1986-91(2007).D1986-91(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D1986-91R12.10.1520/D1986-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. 11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1986 − 13
6.2 The instrument may be further calibrated using standard reference fluids. Suitable fluids are available in nominal viscosities
3
up to 15 000 mPa·s at 149°C (300°F). The procedure for instrument calibration using standard reference fluids is not encompassed
by this test method. Results obtained using standard reference fluids should not deviate from the nominal viscosity by more than
2 %.
6.3 The temperature controller of the type recommended for this procedure is factory calibrated and has control capability of
60.5 % of the control point (61.0°C at 175°C). To further check the controller and further establish controller settings, use the
following procedure. Place a sufficient quantity of polyethylene wax in the sample container to permit immersion of the appropriate
ASTM thermometer to the
...
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