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ASTM A876/A876M-98

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types

Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types

SCOPE
1.1 This specification (Note 1) covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high inductions at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.15% in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 15 kG, conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG, and high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG.  Note 1-A complete metric companion to Specification A876 has been developed A876M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1997
ICS
77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
Technical Committee
A06 - Magnetic Properties
Drafting Committee
A06.02 - Material Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM A876/A876M-98 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed TypesASTM A876/A876M-98 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
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ASTM A876/A876M-98 - Standard Specification for Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel, Fully Processed Types
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 876/A 876M – 98
Standard Specification for
Flat-Rolled, Grain-Oriented, Silicon-Iron, Electrical Steel,
1
Fully Processed Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 876/A 876M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test
2
Frame
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to
A 345 Specification for Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels for
which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully
2
Magnetic Applications
processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used
A 664 Practice for Identification of Standard Electrical- and
primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high
2
Lamination-Steel Grades in ASTM Specifications
inductions at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).
A 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon,
3
Methods for Steel Products for Domestic Shipment
silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately
A 717/A 717M Test Method for Surface Insulation Resis-
3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the
2
tivity of Single-Strip Specimens
direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metal-
A 719 Test Method for Lamination Factor of Magnetic
lurgical processing.
2
Materials
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification
A 721 Test Method for Ductility of Oriented Electrical
include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at
2
Steel
15 kG [1.5 T] in accordance with Test Method A 343, (2 )
A 804/A 804M Test Methods for Alternating-Current Mag-
conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG [1.7
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
T] in accordance with Test Method A 343, (3) high-
2
Sheet-Type Test Specimens
permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG [1.7
A 937 Test Method for Determining Interlaminar Resis-
T] in accordance with Test Method A 343, and (4) laser-scribed
tance of Insulating Coatings Using Two Adjacent Test
high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG
2
Surfaces
[1.7 T] in accordance with Test Methods A 804/A 804M.
A 976 Classification of Insulating Coatings by Composi-
1.4 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and
2
tion, Relative Insulating Ability and Application
inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. The SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated
3. Terminology
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 The terms and symbols used in this specification are
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
defined in Terminology A 340.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance to
this specification.
4. Classification
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 The ASTM core-loss type designations, formulated in
accordance with Practice A 664, for grain-oriented electrical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
steels covered by this specification are listed in Table 1.
A 34/A 34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test-
2
ing of Magnetic Materials
5. Condition
A 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
2 5.1 These grain-oriented electrical steels may be purchased
Magnetic Testing
in any of the following conditions (which are combinations of
A 343 Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Prop-
material form and surface type or treatment) as desired for the
erties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-
expected end use.
5.1.1 Condition NF—An annealed coil form having an
1
inorganic surface coating, Type C-2 (Note 1). This material is
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-6 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
not flattened and so exhibits appreciable coil curvature. The
Material Specifications.
principal application is in spirally wound or formed cores in
This specification replaces A 665, A 725, and A 843.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originally
published as A 876 – 87. Last previous edition A 876 – 92.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 876/A 876M
TABLE 1 Core
...

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1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform. Nominal thicknesses included in this specification are 0.10 mm (0.004 in.) to 0.30 mm (0.012 in.).  
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This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) relay steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. These steels are not the same as the flat-rolled non-oriented or grain oriented iron-silicon electrical steels covered by ASTM Specifications A 677, A 683 and A 876. The steels covered in this specification have nominal silicon contents of 1.1, 2.3 and 4.0 % Si. Both the 1.1 and 2.3 % Si types are also available in an enhanced machinability composition. Along with chemical composition, steels produced to this specification must meet a specified maximum value of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. Appendices are given containing typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties and heat treatment.
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1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:    
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1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.  
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1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.  
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Note 1: For more information on other standards associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341/A341M, A343/A343M, A348/A348M, A596/A596M, A712, A717/A717M, A719/A719M, A720/A720M, A721/A721M, A773/A773M, A804/A804M, A889/A889M, A937/A937M, A971/A971M, and Practice A664.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not required. The grades contained in this specification have thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0. 36 mm), 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) and 0.0250 in. (0.64 mm). For a given thickness there are from 7 to 9 types based on the maximum value of core loss measured at 60 Hz and 15 kG (1.5 T) using the Epstein test method. Test methods to determine the required magnetic and mechanical properties are specified. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
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ASTM A683-16(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon, structural, and high-strength low-alloy, in coils and cut lengths produced by the twin-roll casting process. Cold-rolled steel sheet is available in the following designations: commercial steel, drawing steel, structural steel, and high-strength low-alloy steel. Sheet steel grades defined by this specification are suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are selected. For certain welding processes, if more restrictive composition limits are desirable, they shall be specified at the time of inquiry and confirmed at the time of ordering. The material shall be capable of being bent, at room temperature, in any direction through 180° flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. Two tension tests shall be made from each heat or from each 50 tons [45,000 kg]. Yield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method unless otherwise specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled, carbon, structural, and high-strength low-alloy, in coils and cut lengths produced by the twin-roll casting process.  
1.2 Cold rolled steel sheet produced by the twin-roll casting process is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.  
1.3 This specification does not apply to steel strip as described in Specification A109/A109M.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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