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ASTM D3809-01(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors (Withdrawn 2015)

Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors (Withdrawn 2015)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Certain synthetic dielectric fluids are used in the manufacture of capacitors because of their chemical, thermal, and electrical properties as well as their environmental acceptability.
Properties of a synthetic dielectric fluid differ from those of petroleum based fluids. Design considerations and quality control are influenced by these properties as measured by the appropriate tests.
Each test method has its own brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research. Their applicability to future fluids has not been determined.
1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic fluids.
1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to Specification D 2296.
1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test Methods D 2225.
1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because no current technical contact is available to review this standard. Without a review, the standard is being balloted for removal without replacement.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
Withdrawal Date
15-Jan-2015
ICS
29.040.10 - Insulating oils
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3809-01 - Standard Method for Testing Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM D3809-01(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors (Withdrawn 2015)ASTM D3809-01(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors (Withdrawn 2015)
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ASTM D3809-01(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors (Withdrawn 2015)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3809 − 01(Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Synthetic Dielectric Fluids For Capacitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3809; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric 2.1 ASTM Standards:
fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are gener- D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
ally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, Open Cup Tester
referee testing, and research.Their applicability to future fluids D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
has not been determined. D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply
ity)
to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
fluids.
by Potentiometric Titration
1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to
D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Specification D2296.
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
D924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)
Methods D2225.
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:
cal Insulating Liquids
Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
Physical:
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
Coefficient of thermal expansion 6 D1903
Flash point 7 D92
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Pour point 8 D97
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
Refractive index 9 D1218
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Relative Density/Specific gravity 10 D1298
Viscosity 11 D445
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
Chemical:
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
Acid number 12 D664
Water content 13 D1533 D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
Electrical:
Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Elec-
Relative permittivity 14 D924
trodes
Dielectric strength 15 D877
D1816 D1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal
Dissipation factor 16 D924
Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Origin, and Askarels
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Electrical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Insulation
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D2296 Specification for Continuity of Quality of Electrical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Insulating Polybutene Oil for Capacitors
D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
uids and Gases
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D27.02 on Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3809–01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D3809-01R06. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3809 − 01 (2006)
3. Terminology 8. Pour Point
3.1 Definitions: 8.1 Significance—The pour point of a synthetic fluid gives
3.1.1 coeffıcient of thermal expansion—the increase in vol-
an indication of the temperature below which it may not be
ume per unit volume per degree change in temperature. It is possible to extract the fluid from its container.
commonly stated as the average coefficient over a given
8.1.1 The pour point is important as an index of the lowest
temperature range. temperature to which the material may be cooled without
3.1.2 total acid number—the quantity of base, expressed in
seriously limiting the degree of circulation of the fluid.
milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) that is required to
8.2 Procedure—Determine the pour point in accordance
titrate all acidic constituents present in 1
...

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ASTM D8240-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Less-Flammable Synthetic Ester Liquids Used in Electrical Apparatus

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1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
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4.1 By use of this test method and Test Methods D1500 or D2129 the color and condition of a test specimen of electrical insulating liquid may be estimated during a field inspection, thus assisting in the decision as to whether or not the sample should be sent to a central laboratory for full evaluation. Cloudiness, particles of insulation, products of metal corrosion, or other undesirable suspended materials, as well as any unusual change in color may be detected.
SCOPE
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This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating oils of petroleum origin intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the oils are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both. This guide is classified into the following categories: sampling practices, physical tests, electrical tests, chemical tests, and specifications. The test methods shall be as follows: aniline point; coefficient of thermal expansion; color; examination; flash and fire point; interfacial tension; pour point of petroleum products; refractive index; relative density; specific heat; thermal conductivity; turbidity; viscosity; dielectric breakdown voltage; dissipation factor and relative permittivity; gassing tendency; resistivity; stability under electrical discharge; acidity; carbon-type composition; compatibility with construction material; copper content; furanic compounds; gas analysis; gas content; inorganic chlorides and sulfates; neutralization numbers; oxidation inhibitor content; oxidation stability; polychlorinated biphenyl content; sediment and soluble sludge; sulfur; water content; mineral insulating oil for electrical apparatus; and high firepoint electrical insulating oils.
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Category  
Section  
ASTM Standard  
Sampling:  
3  
D923  
Physical Tests:  
Aniline Point  
4  
D611  
Coefficient of Thermal Ex-
pansion  
5  
D1903  
Color  
6  
D1500  
Examination: Visual Infrared  
7  
D1524, D2144, D2129  
Flash and Fire Point  
8  
D92  
Interfacial Tension  
9  
D971  
Pour Point of Petroleum
Products  
10  
D97, D5949, D5950  
Particle Count in Mineral
Insulating Oil  
11  
D6786  
Refractive Index and Specific
Optical Dispersion  
12  
D1218  
Relative Density (Specific
Gravity)  
13  
D287, D1217, D1298, D1481, D4052  
Specific Heat  
14  
D2766  
Thermal Conductivity  
15  
D2717  
Viscosity  
16  
D445, D2161, D7042  
Electrical Tests:  
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage  
17  
D877, D1816, D3300  
Dissipation Factor and Rela-
tive Permittivity (Dielectric
Constant)  
18  
D924  
Gassing Characteristic
Under Thermal Stress  
19  
D7150  
Gassing Tendency  
20  
D2300  
Resistivity  
21  
D1169  
Chemical Tests:  
Acidity, Approximate  
22  
D1534  
Carbon-Type Composition  
23  
D2140  
Compatibility with Construc-
tion Material  
24  
D3455  
Copper Content  
25  
D3635  
Elements by Inductively
Coupled Plasma (ICP-AES)  
26  
D7151  
Furanic Compounds in
Electrical Insulating Liquids  
27  
D5837  
Dissolved Gas Analysis  
28  
D3612  
Gas Content of Cable and
Capacitor Liquids  
29  
D831, D1827, D2945  
Neutralization (Acid and
Base) Numbers  
30  
D664, D974  
Oxidation Inhibitor Content  
31  
D2668, D4768  
Oxidation Stability  
32  
D1934, D2112, D2440  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Electrical insulating oil may contain small amounts of dissolved metals derived either directly from the base oil or from contact with metals during refining or service. When copper is present, it acts as a catalyst in promoting oxidation of the oil. This test method is useful for research for new oils and to assess the condition of service-aged oils. Consideration should be given to the limits of detection outlined in the scope.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of copper in new or used electrical insulating oil of petroleum origin by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.  
1.2 The lowest limit of detectability is primarily dependent upon the method of atomization, but also upon the energy source, the fuel and oxidant, and the degree of electrical expansion of the output signal. The lowest detectable concentration is usually considered to be equal to twice the maximum variation of the background. For flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is generally in the order of 0.1 ppm or 0.1 mg/kg. For non-flame atomization, the lower limit of detectability is less than 0.01 ppm.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2144-07(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The infrared spectrum of an electrical insulating oil is a record of the absorption of infrared energy over a range of wavelengths. The spectrum indicates the general chemical composition of the test specimen.  
Note 2: The infrared spectrum of a pure chemical compound is probably the most characteristic property of that compound. However, in the case of oils, multicomponent systems are being examined whose spectra are the sum total of all the spectra of the individual components. Because the absorption bands of the components may overlap, the spectrum of the oil is not as sharply defined as that for a single compound. For these reasons, these practices may not in every case be suitable for the quantitative estimation of the components of such a complex mixture as mineral oil.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are to be used for the recording and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insulating oils from 4000 cm−1 to 400 cm−1 (2.5 μm to 25 μm).  
Note 1: While these practices are specific to ratio recording or optical null double-beam dispersive spectrophotometers, single-beam and HATR (horizontal attenuated total reflectance), Fourier-transform rapid scan infrared spectrophotometers may also be used. By computerized subtraction techniques, ratio methods can be used. Any of these types of equipment may be suitable if they comply with the specifications described in Practice E932.  
1.2 Two practices are covered, a Reference Standard Practice and a Differential Practice.  
1.3 These practices are designed primarily for use as rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a supplier by comparing its spectrum with that obtained from previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the unknown and known oils. The practices are not intended for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.  
1.4 Warning—Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for example.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2668-07(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The quantitative determination of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol in a new electrical insulating oil measures the amount of this material that has been added to the oil as protection against oxidation. In a used oil it measures the amount remaining after oxidation has reduced its concentration. The test is also suitable for manufacturing control and specification acceptance.  
3.2 When an infrared spectrum is obtained of an electrical insulating oil inhibited with either of these compounds there is an increase in absorbance of the spectrum at several wavelengths (or wavenumbers). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl paracresol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1), and 11.63 μm (860 cm−1 ). 2,6 ditertiary-butyl phenol produces pronounced increases in absorbance at 2.72 μm (3650 cm−1) and 13.42 μm (745 cm −1).  
3.3 When making this test on other than a highly oxidized oil or when using a double-beam spectrophotometer, it has been found convenient to obtain the spectrum between 2.5 μm (4000 cm−1) and 2.9 μm (3450 cm−1) because the instrument is compensated for the presence of moisture and the band is not influenced by intermolecular forces (associations). However, when testing a highly oxidized oil or when using a single-beam instrument better results may be obtained if the scan is made between 10.90 μm (918 cm−1) and 14.00 μm (714 cm−1).  
3.4 Increased absorption at 11.63 μm (860 cm −1) or 13.42 μm (745 cm−1) or both, will identify the inhibitor as 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol or 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol respectively (Note 1).
Note 1: The absorbance at 745 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol and at 860 cm−1 for 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol for equal concentrations will be in the approximate ratio of 2.6 to 1.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weight percent of 2,6-ditertiary-butyl paracresol (DBPC) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol (DBP) in new or used electrical insulating oil in concentrations up to 0.5 % by measuring its absorbance at the specified wavelengths in the infrared spectrum.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D2440-13(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oxidation stability test of mineral transformer oils is a method for assessing the amount of sludge and acid products formed in a transformer oil when the oil is tested under prescribed conditions. Good oxidation stability is necessary in order to maximize the service life of the oil by minimizing the formation of sludge and acid. Oils that meet the requirements specified for this test in Specification D3487 tend to minimize electrical conduction, ensure acceptable heat transfer, and preserve system life. There is no proven correlation between performance in this test and performance in service, since the test does not model the whole insulation system (oil, paper, enamel, wire). However, the test can be used as a control test for evaluating oxidation inhibitors and to check the consistency of oxidation stability of production oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the resistance of mineral transformer oils to oxidation under prescribed accelerated aging conditions. Oxidation stability is measured by the propensity of oils to form sludge and acid products during oxidation. This test method is applicable to new oils, both uninhibited and inhibited, but is not well defined for used or reclaimed oils.  
Note 1: A shorter duration oxidation test for evaluation of inhibited oils is available in Test Method D2112.
Note 2: For those interested in the measurement of volatile acidity, reference is made to IEC Method 61125. 2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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