D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sulfur hexafluoride intended for use as an electrical insulating gas. However, this specification applies only to gas as purchased. Tests for water content, acidity (hydrolyzable fluorides), noncondensable gas and carbon tetrafluoride content, and assay shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to sulfur hexafluoride for use as an electrical insulating gas.  
Note 1: This specification is intended to apply only to gas as purchased. However, the test methods referred to in this standard may be useful in the evaluation of in-service or used gas. Test Method D2284 may be particularly helpful since many sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products are acidic. Test Method D2284 should not be used to evaluate the total amount of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition nor to identify contaminant species. This can only be done by gas chromatography and similar instrumental techniques.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
1.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquids differ from conventional mineral oil and other less-flammable (high fire point) liquids in that they are products derived from the chemical reaction, processing, and physical treatments of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to Type I gaseous air, both atmospheric and that synthesized by blending oxygen and nitrogen in proper proportions, used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment. Appropriately sampled specimens shall undergo tests and should adhere accordingly to chemical requirements as to dew point, and specified compositions for oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to air used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers silicone fluid, polydimethylsiloxane, for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. Physical, electrical, and chemical tests shall be conducted on the specimen to check for quality conformance. The silicone fluid shall conform to the color, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, weight of volatile matter, dielectric breakdown, disk electrodes, VDE electrodes, dissipation factor, volume resistivity, neutralization number, water content, and PCB content requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silicone liquid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone liquid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 mm2/s at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone liquid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality control and design considerations.  
4.2 Included in each test method is a brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone liquids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance (Specification D4652), factory control, referee testing, and research.  
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone liquids.  
1.3 Silicone liquids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.  
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:    
Property Measured  
Section  
ASTM Test Method  
Physical:  
Color  
6  
D2129  
Flash point  
7  
D92  
Fire point  
7  
D92  
Polychlorinated biphenyl
content  
8  
D4059  
Pour point  
9  
D97  
Refractive index  
10  
D1807  
Specific gravity  
11  
D1298, D1481, D4052  
Volatility  
12  
D4559  
Viscosity  
13  
D445  
Chemical:  
Acid number  
14  
D974  
Water content  
15  
D1533  
Electrical:  
Relative permittivity  
16  
D9242  
Dielectric breakdown
voltage  
17  
D8773  
Dielectric breakdown
voltage  
17  
D1816  
Dissipation factor  
18  
D9242  
Specific resistance  
19  
D11692  
Compatibility  
20  
D5282  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment. The physical property requirement including color, fire point, flash point, pour point, relative density, and viscosity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The electrical property requirements including dielectric breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, and gassing tendency shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The chemical requirements including corrosive sulphur, neutralization number, PCB content, and water shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.  
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or “less-flammable”) fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural vegetable oil ester electrical insulating fluid that is compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the natural ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of nitrogen gas used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment: Type I, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried; Type II, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried; and Type III, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of % volume of nitrogen and rare gases, hydrogen, and oxygen; and dew point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of nitrogen used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment:  
1.1.1 Type I,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried,  
1.1.2 Type II,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried, and  
1.1.3 Type III,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means.  
Note 1: The fact that metal containers are filled with materials meeting this specification does not exclude the possibility that the materials might become contaminated with unlisted impurities.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers less-flammable (high fire point) synthetic ester insulating liquids for use as a dielectric and cooling in new and existing electrical power apparatus including power and distribution transformers, switchgear, and other associated equipment  
1.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquids differ from conventional mineral oil and other less-flammable (high fire point) liquids in that they are products derived from the chemical reaction, processing, and physical treatments of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define synthetic ester electrical insulating liquids that are compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and are expected to maintain their functional characteristics in these applications. The material described in this specification is not always miscible with other electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the synthetic ester insulating liquid for guidance in this respect.  
1.4 This specification applies only to unused synthetic ester insulating liquids as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or liquid, or both, if questions of recommended characteristics or liquid maintenance procedures arise.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment. The physical property requirement including color, fire point, flash point, pour point, relative density, and viscosity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The electrical property requirements including dielectric breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, and gassing tendency shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The chemical requirements including corrosive sulphur, neutralization number, PCB content, and water shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or “less-flammable”) fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural vegetable oil ester electrical insulating fluid that is compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the natural ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, this specification was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sulfur hexafluoride intended for use as an electrical insulating gas. However, this specification applies only to gas as purchased. Tests for water content, acidity (hydrolyzable fluorides), noncondensable gas and carbon tetrafluoride content, and assay shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to sulfur hexafluoride for use as an electrical insulating gas.  
Note 1: This specification is intended to apply only to gas as purchased. However, the test methods referred to in this standard may be useful in the evaluation of in-service or used gas. Test Method D2284 may be particularly helpful since many sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products are acidic. Test Method D2284 should not be used to evaluate the total amount of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition nor to identify contaminant species. This can only be done by gas chromatography and similar instrumental techniques.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sulfur hexafluoride intended for use as an electrical insulating gas. However, this specification applies only to gas as purchased. Tests for water content, acidity (hydrolyzable fluorides), noncondensable gas and carbon tetrafluoride content, and assay shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to sulfur hexafluoride for use as an electrical insulating gas.  
Note 1: This specification is intended to apply only to gas as purchased. However, the test methods referred to in this standard may be useful in the evaluation of in-service or used gas. Test Method D2284 may be particularly helpful since many sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products are acidic. Test Method D2284 should not be used to evaluate the total amount of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition nor to identify contaminant species. This can only be done by gas chromatography and similar instrumental techniques.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers silicone fluid, polydimethylsiloxane, for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. Physical, electrical, and chemical tests shall be conducted on the specimen to check for quality conformance. The silicone fluid shall conform to the color, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, weight of volatile matter, dielectric breakdown, disk electrodes, VDE electrodes, dissipation factor, volume resistivity, neutralization number, water content, and PCB content requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silicone fluid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone fluid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 cSt at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone fluid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to Type I gaseous air, both atmospheric and that synthesized by blending oxygen and nitrogen in proper proportions, used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment. Appropriately sampled specimens shall undergo tests and should adhere accordingly to chemical requirements as to dew point, and specified compositions for oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to air used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality control and design considerations.  
4.2 Included in each test method is a brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research.  
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.  
1.3 Silicone fluids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.  
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:    
Property Measured  
Section  
ASTM Test Method  
Physical:  
Color  
6  
D2129  
Flash point  
7  
D92  
Fire point  
7  
D92  
Polychlorinated biphenyl
content  
8  
D4059  
Pour point  
9  
D97  
Refractive index  
10  
D1807  
Specific gravity  
11  
D1298, D1481, D4052  
Volatility  
12  
D4559  
Viscosity  
13  
D445, D2161  
Chemical:  
Neutralization number  
14  
D974  
Water content  
15  
D1533  
Electrical:  
Relative permittivity  
16  
D9242  
Dielectric breakdown
voltage  
17  
D8773  
Dissipation factor  
18  
D9242  
Specific resistance  
19  
D11692  
Compatibility  
20  
D5282
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers three types of nitrogen gas used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment: Type I, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried; Type II, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried; and Type III, obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of % volume of nitrogen and rare gases, hydrogen, and oxygen; and dew point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of nitrogen used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment:
1.1.1 Type I,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried,
1.1.2 Type II,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried, and
1.1.3 Type III,  obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means.
Note 1—The fact that metal containers are filled with materials meeting this specification does not exclude the possibility that the materials might become contaminated with unlisted impurities.  
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sulfur hexafluoride intended for use as an electrical insulating gas. However, this specification applies only to gas as purchased. Tests for water content, acidity (hydrolyzable fluorides), noncondensable gas and carbon tetrafluoride content, and assay shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to sulfur hexafluoride for use as an electrical insulating gas.
Note 1—This specification is intended to apply only to gas as purchased. However, the test methods referred to in this standard may be useful in the evaluation of in-service or used gas. Test Method D 2284 may be particularly helpful since many sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products are acidic. Test Method D 2284 should not be used to evaluate the total amount of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition nor to identify contaminant species. This can only be done by gas chromatography and similar instrumental techniques.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers silicone fluid, polydimethylsiloxane, for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. Physical, electrical, and chemical tests shall be conducted on the specimen to check for quality conformance. The silicone fluid shall conform to the color, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, weight of volatile matter, dielectric breakdown, disk electrodes, VDE electrodes, dissipation factor, volume resistivity, neutralization number, water content, and PCB content requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silicone fluid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.
1.2 Silicone fluid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 cSt at 25C and a fire point of 340C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone fluid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tests covered in this standard may be used for quality control and design considerations.
Included in each test method is a brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research.
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.
1.3 Silicone fluids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:  Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method Physical: Color 6 D 2129 Flash point 7 D 92 Fire point 7 D 92 Polychlorinated biphenyl 8 D 4059 content Pour point 9 D 97 Refractive index 10 D 1807 Specific gravity 11 D 1298, D 1481, D 4052 Volatility 12 D 4559 Viscosity 13 D 445, D 2161 Chemical: Neutralization number 14 D 974 Water content 15 D 1533 Electrical: Relative permittivity 16 D 924 2 Dielectric breakdown 17 D 877 3 voltage Dissipation factor 18 D 924 2 Specific resistance 19 D 1169 2 Compatibility 20 D 5282
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to Type I gaseous air, both atmospheric and that synthesized by blending oxygen and nitrogen in proper proportions, used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment. Appropriately sampled specimens shall undergo tests and should adhere accordingly to chemical requirements as to dew point, and specified compositions for oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to air used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of nitrogen used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment:
1.1.1 Type I obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried,
1.1.2 Type II obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried, and
1.1.3 Type III obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means.
Note 1—The fact that metal containers are filled with materials meeting this specification does not exclude the possibility that the materials might become contaminated with unlisted impurities.
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment. The physical property requirement including color, fire point, flash point, pour point, relative density, and viscosity shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The electrical property requirements including dielectric breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, and gassing tendency shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The chemical requirements including corrosive sulphur, neutralization number, PCB content, and water shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a high fire point natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid for use as a dielectric and cooling medium in new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus such as transformers and attendant equipment.
1.2 Natural vegetable oil ester insulating fluid differs from conventional mineral oil and other high fire point (or "less-flammable") fluids in that it is an agricultural product derived from vegetable oils rather than refined from petroleum base stocks or synthesized from organic precursors.
1.3 This specification is intended to define a natural vegetable oil ester electrical insulating fluid that is compatible with typical materials of construction of existing apparatus and will satisfactorily maintain its functional characteristic in this application. The material described in this specification may not be miscible with some synthetic electrical insulating liquids. The user should contact the manufacturer of the natural ester insulating fluid for guidance in this respect.
1.4 This specification applies only to new insulating fluid as received prior to any processing. The user should contact the manufacturer of the equipment or fluid if questions of recommended characteristics or maintenance procedures arise.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research. Their applicability to future fluids has not been determined.
1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic fluids.
1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to Specification D2296.
1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test Methods D2225.
1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:Property MeasuredSectionASTM Test MethodPhysical:Coefficient of thermal expansion6D 1903Flash point7D 92Pour point8D 97Refractive index9 D 1218Relative Density/Specific gravity10 D 1298Viscosity11D 445Chemical:Acid number12D 664Water content13D 1533Electrical:Relative permittivity14 D 924Dielectric strength15D 877D 1816Dissipation factor16D 924
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.
1.2 It is expected that additional laboratory or service tests of the purchaser's own choosing may be applied to polybutene oil from each source of supply before approval for use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.
1.2 It is expected that additional laboratory or service tests of the purchaser's own choosing may be applied to polybutene oil from each source of supply before approval for use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research. Their applicability to future fluids has not been determined.
1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic fluids.
1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to Specification D2296.
1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test Methods D2225.
1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:Property MeasuredSectionASTM Test MethodPhysical:Coefficient of thermal expansion6D 1903Flash point7D 92Pour point8D 97Refractive index9 D 1218Relative Density/Specific gravity10 D 1298Viscosity11D 445Chemical:Acid number12D 664Water content13D 1533Electrical:Relative permittivity14 D 924Dielectric strength15D 877D 1816Dissipation factor16D 924
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification applies to sulfur hexafluoride for use as an electrical insulating gas.  Note 1-This specification is intended to apply only to gas as purchased. However, the test methods referred to in this standard may be useful in the evaluation of in-service or used gas. Test Method D2284 may be particularly helpful since many sulfur hexafluoride decomposition products are acidic. Test Method D2284 should not be used to evaluate the total amount of sulfur hexafluoride decomposition nor to identify contaminant species. This can only be done by gas chromatography and similar instrumental techniques.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers air used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silicone fluid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone fluid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 cSt at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone fluid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers three types of nitrogen used as an electrical insulating material in electrical equipment:  
1.1.1 Type I , obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and dried,  
1.1.2 Type II , obtained from the air by liquefaction processes, deoxidized with hydrogen over a platinum catalyst, and dried, and  
1.1.3 Type III , obtained from the air by liquefaction processes and if necessary deoxidized by suitable means.  
Note-The fact that metal containers are filled with materials meeting this specification does not exclude the possibility that the materials might become contaminated with unlisted impurities.
1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of silicone fluids for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research.
1.2 Although some of the test methods listed here apply primarily to petroleum-based fluids, they are, with minor revisions, equally applicable to silicone fluids.
1.3 Silicone fluids are used for electrical insulating purposes because of their stable properties at high and low temperatures and their relative environmental inertness.
1.4 A list of the properties and standards are as follows:  Property Measured Section ASTM Test Method Physical: Color 6 D 2129 Flash point 7 D 92 Fire point 7 D 92 Polychlorinated biphenyl 8 D 4059 content Pour point 9 D 97 Refractive index 10 D 1807 Specific gravity 11 D 1298, D 1481, D 4052 Volatility 12 D 4559 Viscosity 13 D 445, D 2161 Chemical: Neutralization number 14 D 974 Water content 15 D 1533 Electrical: Relative permittivity 16 D 924 2 Dielectric breakdown 17 D 877 3 voltage Dissipation factor 18 D 924 2 Specific resistance 19 D 1169 2 Compatibility 20 D 5282
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.>

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied. The oil shall conform to the prescribed physical, chemical, and electrical requirements, and shall be subject to aging test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.
1.2 It is expected that additional laboratory or service tests of the purchaser's own choosing may be applied to polybutene oil from each source of supply before approval for use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification provides the limits within which the properties of electrical insulating polybutene oil for capacitors shall conform in order to ensure an unvarying continuity in the quality and grade of polybutene oil supplied.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, this specification was withdrawn in January 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because no current technical contact is available to review this standard. Without a review, the standard is being balloted for removal without replacement.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Certain synthetic dielectric fluids are used in the manufacture of capacitors because of their chemical, thermal, and electrical properties as well as their environmental acceptability.
Properties of a synthetic dielectric fluid differ from those of petroleum based fluids. Design considerations and quality control are influenced by these properties as measured by the appropriate tests.
Each test method has its own brief statement describing its significance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors. The methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, referee testing, and research. Their applicability to future fluids has not been determined.
1.2 The scope of some of the test methods listed here apply to petroleum oils, but have been found suitable for synthetic fluids.
1.3 For methods relating to polybutene fluids refer to Specification D 2296.
1.4 For methods relating to silicone fluids refer to Test Methods D 2225.
1.5 A list of properties and standards are as follows:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover testing synthetic dielectric fluids currently in use for capacitors.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because no current technical contact is available to review this standard. Without a review, the standard is being balloted for removal without replacement.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers synthetic nonflammable electrical insulating liquids of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon-type known as askarels, which are used as an insulating and cooling medium in liquid-filled transformers. This specification includes liquids that were previously available and are still in use in apparatus.  
1.2 Askarels covered by this specification are of various types, having components in weight percent in accordance with Table 1.  Note 1-The components and the respective percentages given are descriptive of the materials currently in common use and are not intended as part of this specification, which is based on physical and chemical properties. Note 2-Types A through G are PCB-type askarels previously available and still in use in the field. Recently Type H, a non-PCB askarel, was introduced as a retrofit and replacement. Note 3-Current governmental regulations prohibit the manufacture and sale of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This method serves as a reference for all askarels, PCB and non-PCB.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers synthetic nonflammable electrical insulating liquids of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon-type known as askarels, which are used as an insulating and cooling medium in liquid-filled transformers. This specification includes liquids that were previously available and are still in use in apparatus.
This specification is being withdrawn becasue askarels are no longer manufactured, therefore, Specification D 2283 is no longer needed. Askarel transformers are retrofilled or replaced. In these cases existing methods are sufficient.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases, this specification was withdrawn in July 2004.

SCOPE
1.1 These methods cover procedures for testing askarels that are used in transformers and certain other electrical apparatus as an insulating and cooling medium. These methods are generally suitable for specification acceptance, factory control, reference testing, and research. The procedures appear in the following sections:  Test MethodASTM Designation of Test MethodChemical Tests:Neutralization NumberD664, D974Water ContentD1533Scavenger ContentD1701Chrlorine Compounds, HydrolyzableD1820, D2441Chlorides, InorganicD1821Thermal StabilityD1936Electrical Tests:Dielectric Breakdown VoltageD877Dissipation Factor and Relative PermittivityD924Specific ResistanceD1169Physical Tests:ViscosityD88, D455Fire PointD92Pour PointD97SamplingD923Refractive IndexD1218Visual ExaminationD1702Specific GravityD1810Coefficient of Thermal ExpansionD1903ColorD2129Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Environmental MaterialsD3304Polychlorinated Biphenyls in MineralInsulating Oils by Gas ChromatographyD4059
For askarels having a Saybolt Universal viscosity of over 110 s at 100oF, modifications of certain test procedures are necessary.  
1.2 As a precaution, insulating systems incorporating askarels and cellulose or other organic materials should be purged to remove any traces of flammable gases by bubbling dry nitrogen through the askarel and flushing the gas space with dry nitrogen before any work is performed on the apparatus.
1.3 Current governmental regulations prohibit the manufacture and sale of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This method serves as a reference for all askarels, PCB and non-PCB.
Note 1--Various materials have been used successfully in taking, storing, and testing samples of askarels. Until experience has developed a strong preference, materials referred to in these methods will be understood to be approved but not specified.
Note 2--Methods for handling and disposal of askarels and askarel-impregnated materials are given in a recent ANSI Committee C-107 Guide, Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor and Transformer-Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls.
Note 3--For specifications for askarels, see Specifications D2233 and D2283.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.2.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers synthetic nonflammable electrical insulating liquids of the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon type known as askarels, which are used as an electrical insulating and cooling medium in capacitors. This specification includes liquids that were previously available and are still in use in apparatus.  
1.2 Insulation systems incorporating these askarels and cellulosic or other organic materials may, when arced, produce gaseous mixtures that are moderately flammable.  
1.3 Askarels covered by this specification are of four types as follows:  
1.3.1 Type A- Biphenyl that has been chlorinated to a content of 42 weight%.
1.3.2 Type B -Biphenyl that has been chlorinated to a chlorine content of 54 weight%.  
1.3.3 Type C- A mixture of approximately 75% Type D2233 B and 25% trichlorobenzene.  
1.3.4 Type D- The same as Type A, except that the higher boiling homologs have been removed to a maximum level of 0.4%.  Note 1-These statements are merely descriptions of the materials currently in common use and are not intended as part of this specification, which is based on the physical and chemical properties prescribed in Table 1. Note 2-Current governmental regulations prohibit the manufacture and sale of polychlorinated biphenyls (askarels). This method is being maintained for reference of those units that are still in service. Note 3-For information on PCB's in mineral oils, refer to Method D4059.