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ASTM D5961/D5961M-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the bearing response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by either double-shear (Procedure A) or single-shear (Procedure B) tensile loading of a specimen. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. While this test method may be referenced as guidance in bearing bypass test programs, the scope of this test method is limited to bearing failure modes.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5961/D5961M-01e1 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D5961/D5961M-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Mar-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8387/D8387M-21 - Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8509/D8509M-23 - Standard Guide for Test Method Selection and Test Specimen Design for Bolted Joint Related Properties
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM C273/C273M-20 - Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6856/D6856M-03(2016) - Standard Guide for Testing Fabric-Reinforced “Textile” Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6873/D6873M-23 - Standard Practice for Bearing Fatigue Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005

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ASTM D5961/D5961M-05 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite LaminatesASTM D5961/D5961M-05 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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ASTM D5961/D5961M-05 - Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5961/D5961M–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5961/D 5961M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of multi- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
high-modulus fibers by either double-shear (Procedure A) tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
tensile loading or single-shear (Procedure B) tensile or com- D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
pressive loading of a specimen. Standard specimen configura- D 953 Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
tions using fixed values of test parameters are described for D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test Resins
report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. D 2734 Test Method for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-
The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber tics
or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced D 3171 Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite
composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric Materials
with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
1.2 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of trix Composite Materials
a bearing response test method. D 5687/D 5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.3 The multi-fastener test configurations described in this Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
test method are similar to those used by industry to investigate tion
the bypass portion of the bearing bypass interaction response E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
for bolted joints, where the specimen may produce either a E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
bearing failure mode or a bypass failure mode. While this test ing
method may be referenced as guidance in bearing bypass test E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
programs, the scope of this test method is limited to bearing someter System
failure modes. E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the Characteristic of a Lot or Process
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system ASTM Test Methods
must be used independently of the other. Combining values E 238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the Materials
standard. E 456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the E 1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- E 1434 GuideforRecordingMechanicalTestDataofFiber-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. E 1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on
2
Structural Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Mar. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5961/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
e1
D 5961M – 01 . the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5961/D5961M–05
2.2 Oth
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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