ASTM D8387/D8387M-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
Standard Test Method for High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce low bearing / high bypass interaction response data for research and development, and for structural design and analysis. The standard configuration for this procedure is very specific and is intended as a baseline configuration for developing structural design data. The high bypass/low bearing double-shear hardpoint configuration is recommended for determining the effect of low bearing stress levels on bypass strength. While a similar single-shear configuration could be tested, there is insufficient experience with a single-shear configuration to recommend its use at this time.
5.2 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time held at test temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.
5.3 Specific factors that influence the bearing/bypass interaction response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include not only loading type (tension or compression) but the following: edge distance ratio, width to diameter ratio, diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance. Properties, in the test direction, which may be obtained from this test method include the following:
5.3.1 Filled hole tensile bearing/bypass strength.
5.3.2 Filled hole compressive bearing/bypass strength.
5.3.3 Bearing stress/bypass strain curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass - low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard, provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test report. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response test method.
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this test method are intended to provide data in the relatively high bypass, low bearing part of the composite bolted joint bearing-bypass interaction diagram. This data complements the data from filled hole tension and compression (Practice D6742/D6742M), bearing (Test Method D5961/D5961M), and low bypass/high bearing interaction (Test Method D7248/D7248M) tests.
1.4 This test method requires careful specimen design, instrumentation, data measurement, and data analysis. The use of this test method requires close coordination between the test requestor and the test lab personnel. Test requestors need to be familiar with the data analysis procedures of this test method and should not expect test labs who are unfamiliar with this test method to be able to produce acceptable results without close coordination.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used indepe...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8387/D8387M − 21
Standard Test Method for
High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8387/D8387M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope andshouldnotexpecttestlabswhoareunfamiliarwiththistest
method to be able to produce acceptable results without close
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass -
coordination.
low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
modes.Standardspecimenconfigurationsusingfixedvaluesof
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of
from the two systems shall not be combined.
testparametersmaybevariedwithinthescopeofthestandard,
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test
brackets.
report. The composite material forms are limited to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
continuous-fiberordiscontinuous-fiber(tapeorfabric,orboth)
reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
thedesirableattributesofabearing/bypassinteractionresponse
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this
2. Referenced Documents
test method are intended to provide data in the relatively high
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bypass, low bearing part of the composite bolted joint bearing-
bypass interaction diagram. This data complements the data D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
from filled hole tension and compression (Practice D6742/
D6742M), bearing (Test Method D5961/D5961M), and low D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2584Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
bypass/highbearinginteraction(TestMethodD7248/D7248M)
Resins
tests.
D2734TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
1.4 This test method requires careful specimen design,
D3171Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
instrumentation, data measurement, and data analysis. The use
Materials
ofthistestmethodrequiresclosecoordinationbetweenthetest
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
requestor and the test lab personnel.Test requestors need to be
D5229/D5229MTestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
familiar with the data analysis procedures of this test method
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
Composite Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Structural Test Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published June 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8387_D8387M-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
----------
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8387/D8387M − 21
Standard Test Method for
High Bypass – Low Bearing Interaction Response of
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8387/D8387M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope and should not expect test labs who are unfamiliar with this test
method to be able to produce acceptable results without close
1.1 This test method determines the uniaxial high bypass -
coordination.
low bearing interaction response of multi-directional polymer
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
using a two-fastener hard point joint specimen. The scope of
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
this test method is limited to net section (bypass) failure
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
modes. Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
test parameters are described for this procedure. A number of
from the two systems shall not be combined.
test parameters may be varied within the scope of the standard,
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
provided that the parameters are fully documented in the test
brackets.
report. The composite material forms are limited to
continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and
symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
8.2.1. This test method was previously published under Test
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Method D7248/D7248M-17 Procedure C.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of Composite Materials Handbook, CMH-17, which describes
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the desirable attributes of a bearing/bypass interaction response
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
test method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 The two-fastener test configurations described in this
2. Referenced Documents
test method are intended to provide data in the relatively high
2
bypass, low bearing part of the composite bolted joint bearing- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
bypass interaction diagram. This data complements the data
from filled hole tension and compression (Practice D6742/ tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D6742M), bearing (Test Method D5961/D5961M), and low
bypass/high bearing interaction (Test Method D7248/D7248M) D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
Resins
tests.
D2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plastics
1.4 This test method requires careful specimen design,
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
instrumentation, data measurement, and data analysis. The use
Materials
of this test method requires close coordination between the test
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
requestor and the test lab personnel. Test requestors need to be
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Prop-
familiar with the data analysis procedures of this test method
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
Composite Materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Structural Test Methods. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published June 2021. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8387_D8387M-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8387/D8387M − 21
D5
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