ASTM F2519-05
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Grease Particle Capture Efficiency of Commercial Kitchen Filters and Extractors
Standard Test Method for Grease Particle Capture Efficiency of Commercial Kitchen Filters and Extractors
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F2519 – 05
Standard Test Method for
Grease Particle Capture Efficiency of Commercial Kitchen
Filters and Extractors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease 3.1 Definitions:
particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in 3.1.1 airflow rate, n—volumetric flow rate of air that passes
commercialkitchenstocapturegreaseeffluentpriortoentering through a filter or a bank of filters.
the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter 3.1.2 capture effıciency, n—proportion of aerosol particles
system best suited to a particular application. removed by a filter as a function of particle size, usually
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and expressed as a percentage.
systems. The performance information is obtained for new or 3.1.3 cartridge filter, n—removable extractor, a removable,
clean filters and does not include the performance of used or integral component of listed exhaust hoods, which is typically
loaded filters. constructed of stainless steel and containing a series of
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following horizontal baffles designed to remove grease and drain it into a
(where applicable): container.
1.3.1 Pressuredropasafunctionofairflowthroughthefilter 3.1.4 fixed extractor, n—water-wash hood or linear slot
(10.3), and hood, a fixed, integral component of listed exhaust hoods,
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4). which is typically constructed of stainless steel and containing
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded aseriesofhorizontalbafflesthatrunthefulllengthofthehood.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa- 3.1.5 greasefilter,n—deviceinstalledintoahoodtocapture
tion only. grease effluent before it enters the exhaust duct. Several
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, identical devices may be installed in parallel in a hood. The
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to device may consist of more than one component or section.
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its 3.1.6 pressure drop, n—change in static pressure between
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to the front surface of the grease filter and its rear surface under
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- the rated airflow rate conditions.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.1.7 reference hood, n—Type I exhaust hood used for the
“no extractors” condition when measuring the efficiency and
2. Referenced Documents
pressure drop of fixed extractor hoods. This is typically the
2.1 ASHRAE Standard: same hood that is used for testing removable grease filters and
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999, Method of Testing
removable cartridge filters.
General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal 3.2 Symbols:
Efficiency by Particle Size
2.2 ISO Standard:
E = capture efficiency
ISO Standard 3966, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed
n = number of sample sets
Conduits—VelocityAreaMethodUsingPitotStaticTubes
P = penetration
t = t distribution variable
T = sampling time
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on Food
Service Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.07 on W = counts of each size range (or channel) with test
Commercial Kitchen Ventilation.
device(s) installed
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. DOI:
WO = counts of each size range (or channel) without test
10.1520/F2519-05.
device(s)
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA d = standard deviation of a sample
30329.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2519 – 05
4.5 Particulate capture efficiency for removable grease filter
or removable cartridges is determined by comparing particle
3.3 Subscripts:
concentration versus size in the exhaust duct with and without
the filters installed.
b = background
4.5.1 Particulate capture efficiency for hoods with fixed
c = correlation
extractorsisdeterminedbycomparingparticleconcentrationas
e = estimated
a function of particle size in the exhaust duct with the fixed
i = sample number
extractor hood and the reference hood without the filters
lcl = lower confidence limit
installed.
n = number of sample sets
4.5.2 The test aerosol is oleic acid that covers a size range
o = observed
from 0.3 to 10 µm in diameter or as specified by the
t = testing a filter
manufacturer. Efficiency shall be reported as zero from 0.3 µm
ucl = upper confidence limit
to the lower limit of the test conditions. Particulate concentra-
w = with test device(s) installed
tion measurements (as a function of particle size) are taken in
wo = without test device(s) installed
the exhaust duct using an isokinetic sampling probe and an
optical particle counter. The particulate capture efficiency is
4. Summary of Test Method
determined by taking the difference between the particle
4.1 There are three predominant classes of filters in kitchen
concentration with and without the filters installed at each
ventilation grease extraction systems: removable baffle filters,
particle size range set on the particle counter.
removable cartridge filters, and fixed extractors.
4.2 Removable baffle and cartridge filters to be tested are
5. Significance and Use
installed into the test system.
5.1 The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure
4.2.1 Identical filters to be tested are installed into a
drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine
standard 4-ft canopy hood connected to a nominal 12-in. round
the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.
duct exhaust system. The filters should fit tightly together and
5.2 The particulate capture efficiency can be used with
into the opening and any bypasses larger than ⁄8-in. wide on
known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-
the ends are sealed.
food product combination to determine the total mass of grease
4.2.2 For fixed-extractor systems, a reference hood shall be
particlescapturedbythefilter,thetotalmassofgreaseparticles
used for testing conditions that call for no filters to be installed that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of
in the hood. Testing requires switching between the reference
the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an
hood and the fixed extractor hood. example particle capture efficiency curve.
4.2.3 A filter system to be used in a non-standard canopy
6. Apparatus
hood is installed at the height of actual application above the
6.1 Mandatory and Discretionary Requirements—Critical
floor and connected to a nominal 12-in. round duct exhaust
dimensions and arrangements of the test apparatus are shown
system.
in Figs. 2-5. Vertical ductwork may also be used with the same
4.2.4 Thestaticpressuredropacrossthefiltersisrecordedat
critical dimensions (duct diameter, length, and so forth). All
the test airflow.
dimensions shown are mandatory unless otherwise indicated.
4.2.4.1 For removable baffle or cartridge filters, the net filter
Units shown are in inches unless otherwise indicated. The
pressure drop is determined by subtracting the pressure drop of
design of equipment not specified, including but not limited to
the hood when the filters are removed from the pressure drop
exhaust fan, makeup air system, and external structural sup-
measured when the filters are installed. The total exhaust
ports, is discretionary, but the equipment must have adequate
volumetric flow rate must be equal in both pressure drop
capacity to meet the requirements of this test method.
measurements.
6.2 Test Facility:
4.2.4.2 For fixed-extractor hood systems, the pressure drop
6.2.1 Exhaust Hood:
is determined by subtracting the pressure drop of the reference
6.2.1.1 The test installation should have a canopy exhaust
hood when the filters are removed from the pressure drop
hoodwhichmeetstheserequirements:4ft(1.2m)inwidthand
measured on the fixed-extractor hood. The total exhaust
depth, minimum 2 ft (0.61 m) in height, wall mounted with the
volumetric flow rate must be equal in both pressure drop
lower edge of the hood 6 ⁄2 ft (2.0 m) from the floor and with
measurements.
a 12 in. (0.305 m) diameter round duct collar mounted on top
4.3 The total airflow rate through the exhaust system is set
in the center of the hood with the rear surface of the opening
so that the volumetric flow rate through the filter under test is
1.0 in. from the back side of the hood. If the hood is installed
equivalent 250 cfm per linear foot (width) of filter (based on
at a different height, a distance of 46 in. must be maintained
external filter dimensions).
between the appliance surface and bottom of the hood. The
4.3.1 Performancemayalsobeevaluatedatotherairflowsin
hood shall contain means for securing grease filters under test
accordance with manufacturer recommendations (see Appen-
in a position typical in application.
dix X1).
6.2.1.2 Hoods with fixed extractors should be built to match
4.4 Balanced makeup air shall be provided at 75 6 5°F and the description given in 6.2.1.1 as closely as possible without
50 6 20 % RH. affecting the hood’s extraction efficiency.
F2519 – 05
FIG. 1 Particle Capture Efficiency Example Curve
FIG. 2 Schematic Diagram of Test Apparatus—Front Elevation View of Horizontal Test Setup
F2519 – 05
FIG. 3 Schematic Diagram of Test Apparatus—Front Elevation of
Vertical Test Setup
F2519 – 05
6.2.1.5 The test apparatus shown in Figs. 2-5 is designed for
test filters with a nominal height of 20 in. It is permitted to test
a bank of several filters in parallel if the width of an individual
filtration device is less than 50 % of the width of the hood.
Spacers may be added symmetrically on both ends of the filter
under test if the filter does not span the entire width of the
hood.
6.2.2 Round Exhaust Duct, 12 in. (0.305 m) in diameter,
connected to the duct collar on the top of the exhaust hood and
leading to an exhaust fan.All duct connections shall be sealed.
The duct may be horizontal or vertical. If horizontal, it must
have a 90-degree elbow configured as shown in Fig. 7. The
elbow must have a centerline duct radius of 14-in.
NOTE 1—The r/D ratio is 1.167 for this configuration.
FIG. 4 Schematic Diagram of Test Apparatus—Plan View
6.2.2.1 The distance from the duct collar for a vertical
exhaust duct or from the end of the 90 degree elbow for a
horizontal exhaust duct to the sampling location shall be 84 in.
If a different sampling location is used, or a different exhaust
configuration is used, an aerosol uniformity test shall be
conducted.
6.2.2.2 The minimum distance from the sampling location
to the nearest duct fitting or fan inlet shall be 24 in.
6.2.3 Exhaust Fan, capable of moving 1000 ft /min (472
L/s) through the filters under test and the additional exhaust
system components at the test static pressure condition. The
fan shall have a variable frequency drive or other means to
control the airflow rate. The exhaust shall be discharged
outdoors.
6.2.4 MakeupAir System, a means for providing makeup air
at 75 6 5°F and 50 6 20 % relative humidity to match exhaust
rate without disturbing the airflow pattern near the exhaust
hood.
6.2.5 Heat Source, a uniform electric heat source with a
solid metal surface, a minimum 2 ft. deep by 3 ft. wide,
maintained at an average surface temperature of 375 6 5°F.
NOTE 2—A commercial electric griddle with a rated input between 7
and 10 kW and been shown to work well as a heat source.
6.2.5.1 The cooking surface of the heat source shall be 32
in. (0.81 m) above the floor. The heat source shall be centered
under the hood from side to side and from front to back. Any
air gap between the rear of the heat source and the back wall
shall be sealed with a horizontal sheet of stainless steel
positioned at the same height as the rear of the heat source.
6.3 Instrumentation:
FIG. 5 Schematic Diagram of Test Apparatus—Side Elevation
6.3.1 Flow Metering Station, installed in the exhaust duct
View
for measuring the airflow rate through the filters under test.
Options include a grid of local velocity measurements using
6.2.1.3 The typical reference hood will be a canopy exhaust the log-Tchebycheff method, a flow nozzle, or an orifice plate.
hood matching the one described in 6.2.1.1 and shown in Fig. If a nozzle or orifice plate is used, it must be mounted
6. If the hood with fixed extractors cannot be built to match downstream from the particle sampling location.
6.2.1.1,thenthereferencehoodshallbebuilttomatchthehood 6.3.1.1 Airflow rate may be determined using velocity
with fixed extractors. traverse measurements according to the log-Tchebycheff
6.2.1.4 To facilitate switching hoods, the lab may build method (ISO Standard 3966). Local velocities shall be mea-
rolling stands for each reference hood and the current hood sured at the particle sampling location using a pitot tube, hot
being tested. These stands may be rolled in and out of the test film anemometer, or hot wire anemometer. Velocity profiles
rig. Care should be taken to insure that both hoods are installed shall be measured without filters installed in the hood and with
in the same location at the same height (6 ⁄2 ft) each time. test filters installed. Results shall be used to determine airflow
F2519 – 05
FIG. 6 Schematic Diagram of Reference Hood
pling probe in the exhaust duct to measure the temperature of
the exhaust, the other located 6 ⁄2 ft from the floor and 6 ft in
front of the center of the exhaust hood with radiation shielding
to measure the dry bulb temperature of the makeup air.
6.3.5 Humidity Sensor, relative humidity sensor or dew
point hygrometer to determine the relative humidity of the
makeupairataheightof6 ⁄2ftabovethefloorand6ftinfront
of the center of the exhaust hood.
6.4 Aerosol Generation System:
6.4.1 Other than the require
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