F26.07 - Commercial Kitchen Ventilation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fan Energy—This standard practice determines the fan energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' fan savings potential.  
5.2 Heating and Cooling Energy—This standard practice determines the heating and cooling energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' heating and cooling savings potential.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines the energy savings potential of Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation (CKDCV) systems by outlining a procedure to measure system performance.  
1.1.1 Fan energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.1.2 Thermal energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.2 This Standard Practice applies to commercial kitchen exhaust and supply demand control ventilation system in the following foodservice establishments: Casino hotel foodservice facilities, commercial cafeterias, full service restaurant, hotel foodservice facility, quick service restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket, health care foodservice facility. See Appendix X1 for descriptions of facilities.  
1.3 This CKDCV field test protocol does not apply to other demand control ventilation applications such as building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications or laboratory applications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat Gain to Space—This test method determines the heat gain to the space from a hood/appliance system.
Note 2: To maintain a constant temperature in the conditioned space, this heat gain must be matched by space cooling. The space sensible cooling load, in tons, then equals the heat gain in Btu/h divided by the conversion factor of 12 000 Btu/h (3.412 W) per ton of cooling. Appliance heat gain data can be used for sizing air conditioning systems. Details of load calculation procedures can be found in ASHRAE, see Ref (1) and Ref (2)5. The calculation of associated cooling loads from heat gains to the test space at various flow rates can be used along with other information by heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and exhaust system designers to achieve energy-conservative, integrated kitchen ventilation system designs.  
5.2 Parametric Studies:  
5.2.1 This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
5.2.1.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as makeup air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of appliance heat gain to space derived from the measurement and calculation of appliance energy consumption, energy exhausted, and energy to food, based on a system energy balance, parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.  
5.2 Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:  
5.2.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):  
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Successful kitchen exhaust hood performance requires the complete capture and containment of the effluent plume along the hood’s entire perimeter. Any effluent leakage moving beyond 3 in. from the hood face will be deemed as having escaped from the hood, even if it may appear to be have been drawn back into the hood. If effluent spills from the hood, hot and greasy kitchens may be the result and the cause of the performance failure needs to be determined and corrected. Oftentimes, the exhaust flow rate needs to be increased to achieve proper hood performance for particular field conditions. As a result, the supply air to the kitchen will need to be increased to maintain the air balance. However, drafty room conditions due to incorrectly placed supply diffusers, cross drafts from windows and doors, return and supply at opposite ends of the kitchen, etc. could also severely degrade hood performance. Incorrectly designed supply systems may not be corrected by increasing the exhaust rate and could be corrected in a much more efficient and economical manner, such as by replacing a 4-way diffuser with a 3-way diffuser directed away from the hood. Likewise, if the plume is strongly captured, the hood may be over-exhausting and reducing the exhaust rate could be considered, along with a corresponding reduction of room supply air to maintain the building’s air balance.  
5.2 An appropriate airflow balance ensures adequate replacement air for the necessary exhaust conditions and allows the desired air pressure distribution to be maintained.  
5.3 Negative air pressure in the kitchen with respect to the adjacent indoor spaces ensures that the air flow is from these spaces into the kitchen so that odors and cooking effluent are contained within the kitchen. However, too great a pressure imbalance will severely degrade hood performance by creating a wind tunnel effect. Negative air pressure in the dining area with respect to the outside is usually an indication that the su...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to measure and validate successful design, installation and commissioning of commercial kitchen HVAC and makeup air systems for specific installations.  
1.2 This test method field evaluates commercial kitchen ventilation system airflows and pressures.  
1.3 This test method field evaluates visual hood capture and containment performance.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The data generated is specific to the field conditions as installed.  
1.6 This test method may involve hazardous materials, gasses (for example, CO) operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.  
5.2 The particulate capture efficiency can be used with known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-food product combination to determine the total mass of grease particles captured by the filter, the total mass of grease particles that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an example particle capture efficiency curve.
FIG. 1 Particle Capture Efficiency Example Curve
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.  
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):  
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and  
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements of recirculating systems rated 600 volts or less and intended for indoor use with integral and non-integral recirculating systems and for installation in commercial establishments using electric commercial cooking appliances for the preparation of food. This specification also identifies the physical and performance requirements of the filters and recirculating hoods, which include filter interlocks, hood airflow, grease emissions, and filtration efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements of recirculating systems rated 600 volts or less and intended for indoor use with integral and non-integral recirculating systems and for installation in commercial establishments using electric commercial cooking appliances for the preparation of food.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fan Energy—This standard practice determines the fan energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' fan savings potential.  
5.2 Heating and Cooling Energy—This standard practice determines the heating and cooling energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' heating and cooling savings potential.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines the energy savings potential of Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation (CKDCV) systems by outlining a procedure to measure system performance.  
1.1.1 Fan energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.1.2 Thermal energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.2 This Standard Practice applies to commercial kitchen exhaust and supply demand control ventilation system in the following foodservice establishments: Casino hotel foodservice facilities, commercial cafeterias, full service restaurant, hotel foodservice facility, quick service restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket, health care foodservice facility. See Appendix X1 for descriptions of facilities.  
1.3 This CKDCV field test protocol does not apply to other demand control ventilation applications such as building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications or laboratory applications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat Gain to Space—This test method determines the heat gain to the space from a hood/appliance system.
Note 2: To maintain a constant temperature in the conditioned space, this heat gain must be matched by space cooling. The space sensible cooling load, in tons, then equals the heat gain in Btu/h divided by the conversion factor of 12 000 Btu/h (3.412 W) per ton of cooling. Appliance heat gain data can be used for sizing air conditioning systems. Details of load calculation procedures can be found in ASHRAE, see Ref (1) and Ref (2)5. The calculation of associated cooling loads from heat gains to the test space at various flow rates can be used along with other information by heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and exhaust system designers to achieve energy-conservative, integrated kitchen ventilation system designs.  
5.2 Parametric Studies:  
5.2.1 This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
5.2.1.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as makeup air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of appliance heat gain to space derived from the measurement and calculation of appliance energy consumption, energy exhausted, and energy to food, based on a system energy balance, parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.  
5.2 Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:  
5.2.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):  
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Successful kitchen exhaust hood performance requires the complete capture and containment of the effluent plume along the hood’s entire perimeter. Any effluent leakage moving beyond 3 in. from the hood face will be deemed as having escaped from the hood, even if it may appear to be have been drawn back into the hood. If effluent spills from the hood, hot and greasy kitchens may be the result and the cause of the performance failure needs to be determined and corrected. Oftentimes, the exhaust flow rate needs to be increased to achieve proper hood performance for particular field conditions. As a result, the supply air to the kitchen will need to be increased to maintain the air balance. However, drafty room conditions due to incorrectly placed supply diffusers, cross drafts from windows and doors, return and supply at opposite ends of the kitchen, etc. could also severely degrade hood performance. Incorrectly designed supply systems may not be corrected by increasing the exhaust rate and could be corrected in a much more efficient and economical manner, such as by replacing a 4-way diffuser with a 3-way diffuser directed away from the hood. Likewise, if the plume is strongly captured, the hood may be over-exhausting and reducing the exhaust rate could be considered, along with a corresponding reduction of room supply air to maintain the building’s air balance.  
5.2 An appropriate airflow balance ensures adequate replacement air for the necessary exhaust conditions and allows the desired air pressure distribution to be maintained.  
5.3 Negative air pressure in the kitchen with respect to the adjacent indoor spaces ensures that the air flow is from these spaces into the kitchen so that odors and cooking effluent are contained within the kitchen. However, too great a pressure imbalance will severely degrade hood performance by creating a wind tunnel effect. Negative air pressure in the dining area with respect to the outside is usually an indication that the su...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to measure and validate successful design, installation and commissioning of commercial kitchen HVAC and makeup air systems for specific installations.  
1.2 This test method field evaluates commercial kitchen ventilation system airflows and pressures.  
1.3 This test method field evaluates visual hood capture and containment performance.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The data generated is specific to the field conditions as installed.  
1.6 This test method may involve hazardous materials, gasses (for example, CO) operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.  
5.2 The particulate capture efficiency can be used with known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-food product combination to determine the total mass of grease particles captured by the filter, the total mass of grease particles that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an example particle capture efficiency curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.  
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):  
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and  
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Heat Gain to Space—This test method determines the heat gain to the space from a hood/appliance system.
Note 2: To maintain a constant temperature in the conditioned space, this heat gain must be matched by space cooling. The space sensible cooling load, in tons, then equals the heat gain in Btu/h divided by the conversion factor of 12 000 Btu/h (3.412 W) per ton of cooling. Appliance heat gain data can be used for sizing air conditioning systems. Details of load calculation procedures can be found in ASHRAE, see Ref (1) and Ref (2)5. The calculation of associated cooling loads from heat gains to the test space at various flow rates can be used along with other information by heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and exhaust system designers to achieve energy-conservative, integrated kitchen ventilation system designs.  
5.2 Parametric Studies:  
5.2.1 This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
5.2.1.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.  
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.  
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as makeup air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of appliance heat gain to space derived from the measurement and calculation of appliance energy consumption, energy exhausted, and energy to food, based on a system energy balance, parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fan Energy—This standard practice determines the fan energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' fan savings potential.  
5.2 Heating and Cooling Energy—This standard practice determines the heating and cooling energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' heating and cooling savings potential.
SCOPE
1.1 This Standard Practice determines the energy savings potential of Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation (CKDCV) systems by outlining a procedure to measure system performance.  
1.1.1 Fan energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.1.2 Thermal energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.2 This Standard Practice applies to commercial kitchen exhaust and supply demand control ventilation system in the following foodservice establishments: Casino hotel foodservice facilities, commercial cafeterias, full service restaurant, hotel foodservice facility, quick service restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket, health care foodservice facility. See Appendix X1 for descriptions of facilities.  
1.3 This CKDCV field test protocol does not apply to other demand control ventilation applications such as building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications or laboratory applications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Successful kitchen exhaust hood performance requires the complete capture and containment of the effluent plume along the hood’s entire perimeter. Any effluent leakage moving beyond 3 in. from the hood face will be deemed as having escaped from the hood, even if it may appear to be have been drawn back into the hood. If effluent spills from the hood, hot and greasy kitchens may be the result and the cause of the performance failure needs to be determined and corrected. Oftentimes, the exhaust flow rate needs to be increased to achieve proper hood performance for particular field conditions. As a result, the supply air to the kitchen will need to be increased to maintain the air balance. However, drafty room conditions due to incorrectly placed supply diffusers, cross drafts from windows and doors, return and supply at opposite ends of the kitchen, etc. could also severely degrade hood performance. Incorrectly designed supply systems may not be corrected by increasing the exhaust rate and could be corrected in a much more efficient and economical manner, such as by replacing a 4-way diffuser with a 3-way diffuser directed away from the hood. Likewise, if the plume is strongly captured, the hood may be over-exhausting and reducing the exhaust rate could be considered, along with a corresponding reduction of room supply air to maintain the building’s air balance.  
5.2 An appropriate airflow balance ensures adequate replacement air for the necessary exhaust conditions and allows the desired air pressure distribution to be maintained.  
5.3 Negative air pressure in the kitchen with respect to the adjacent indoor spaces ensures that the air flow is from these spaces into the kitchen so that odors and cooking effluent are contained within the kitchen. However, too great a pressure imbalance will severely degrade hood performance by creating a wind tunnel effect. Negative air pressure in the dining area with respect to the outside is usually an indication that the su...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to measure and validate successful design, installation and commissioning of commercial kitchen HVAC and makeup air systems for specific installations.  
1.2 This test method field evaluates commercial kitchen ventilation system airflows and pressures.  
1.3 This test method field evaluates visual hood capture and containment performance.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The data generated is specific to the field conditions as installed.  
1.6 This test method may involve hazardous materials, gasses (for example, CO) operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fan Energy—This standard practice determines the fan energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' fan savings potential.  
5.2 Heating and Cooling Energy—This standard practice determines the heating and cooling energy requirements for a constant speed and demand controlled kitchen ventilation system and estimates the savings. It can be used to compare systems' heating and cooling savings potential.
SCOPE
1.1 This Standard Practice determines the energy savings potential of Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation (CKDCV) systems by outlining a procedure to measure system performance.  
1.1.1 Fan energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.1.2 Thermal energy savings potential of a Commercial Kitchen Demand Control Ventilation system will be determined.  
1.2 This Standard Practice applies to commercial kitchen exhaust and supply demand control ventilation system in the following foodservice establishments: Casino hotel foodservice facilities, commercial cafeterias, full service restaurant, hotel foodservice facility, quick service restaurant, school cafeteria, supermarket, health care foodservice facility. See Appendix X1 for descriptions of facilities.  
1.3 This CKDCV field test protocol does not apply to other demand control ventilation applications such as building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications or laboratory applications.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.
Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.
Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.
Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements of recirculating systems rated 600 volts or less and intended for indoor use with integral and non-integral recirculating systems and for installation in commercial establishments using electric commercial cooking appliances for the preparation of food. This specification also identifies the physical and performance requirements of the filters and recirculating hoods, which include filter interlocks, hood airflow, grease emissions, and filtration efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements of recirculating systems rated 600 volts or less and intended for indoor use with integral and non-integral recirculating systems and for installation in commercial establishments using electric commercial cooking appliances for the preparation of food.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.  
The particulate capture efficiency can be used with known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-food product combination to determine the total mass of grease particles captured by the filter, the total mass of grease particles that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an example particle capture efficiency curve.
FIG. 1 Particle Capture Efficiency Example Curve
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.  
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):  
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and  
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pressure drop results can be added to the pressure drops of other components in an exhaust system to determine the total exhaust fan pressure requirement.  
5.2 The particulate capture efficiency can be used with known particulate size emission data for a cooking appliance-food product combination to determine the total mass of grease particles captured by the filter, the total mass of grease particles that pass through the filter, and the particle size distribution of the grease particles that pass through the filter. Fig. 1 shows an example particle capture efficiency curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.  
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):  
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and  
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.
Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.
Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.
Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F2474.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Heat Gain to Space—This test method determines the heat gain to the space from a hood/appliance system.
Note 2—To maintain a constant temperature in the conditioned space, this heat gain must be matched by space cooling. The space sensible cooling load, in tons, then equals the heat gain in Btu/h divided by the conversion factor of 12 000 Btu/h (3.412 W) per ton of cooling. Appliance heat gain data can be used for sizing air conditioning systems. Details of load calculation procedures can be found in ASHRAE, see Ref (1) and Ref (2) . The calculation of associated cooling loads from heat gains to the test space at various flow rates can be used along with other information by heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and exhaust system designers to achieve energy-conservative, integrated kitchen ventilation system designs.
Parametric Studies:
This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.
Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.
Replacement air characteristics, such as makeup air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of appliance heat gain to space derived from the measurement and calculation of appliance energy consumption, energy exhausted, and energy to food, based on a system energy balance, parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method can be used to determine the grease particle capture efficiency of components and systems used in commercial kitchens to capture grease effluent prior to entering the exhaust duct. The results can be used to select a filter system best suited to a particular application.
1.2 This test method is applicable to filter components and systems. The performance information is obtained for new or clean filters and does not include the performance of used or loaded filters.
1.3 The filter can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):
1.3.1 Pressure drop as a function of airflow through the filter (10.3), and
1.3.2 Particulate capture efficiency by particle size (10.4).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Heat Gain to Space—This test method determines the heat gain to the space from a hood/appliance system.
Note 2—To maintain a constant temperature in the conditioned space, this heat gain must be matched by space cooling. The space sensible cooling load, in tons, then equals the heat gain in Btu/h divided by the conversion factor of 12 000 Btu/h (3.412 W) per ton of cooling. Appliance heat gain data can be used for sizing air conditioning systems. Details of load calculation procedures can be found in ASHRAE, see Ref (1) and Ref (2)5 . The calculation of associated cooling loads from heat gains to the test space at various flow rates can be used along with other information by heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and exhaust system designers to achieve energy-conservative, integrated kitchen ventilation system designs.
Parametric Studies:
5.2.1 This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
5.2.1.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as makeup air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of appliance heat gain to space derived from the measurement and calculation of appliance energy consumption, energy exhausted, and energy to food, based on a system energy balance, parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Threshold of Capture and Containment—This test method describes flow visualization techniques that are used to determine the threshold of capture and containment (C&C) for idle and specified heavy cooking conditions. The threshold of C&C can be used to estimate minimum flow rates for hood/appliance systems.
Parametric Studies—This test method also can be used to conduct parametric studies of alternative configurations of hoods, appliances, and replacement air systems. In general, these studies are conducted by holding constant all configuration and operational variables except the variable of interest. This test method, therefore, can be used to evaluate the following:
5.2.1 The overall system performance with various appliances, while holding the hood and replacement air system characteristics constant.
5.2.2 Entire hoods or characteristics of a single hood, such as end panels, can be varied with appliances and replacement air constant.
5.2.3 Replacement air characteristics, such as make-up air location, direction, and volume, can be varied with constant appliance and hood variables.
SCOPE
1.1 Characterization of capture and containment performance of hood, appliance(s), and replacement air system during cooking and non-cooking conditions (idle):
1.2 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or replacement air configurations.
1.3 The test method to determine heat gain to space from commercial kitchen ventilation/appliance systems has been re-designated as Test Method F 2474.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method, also known as the Commercial Kitchen Ventilation (CKV) Energy Balance Protocol (EBP), covers the overall performance evaluation of exhaust hoods with commercial cooking appliances and associated replacement air configuration. This test method addresses exhaust-only hoods positioned adjacent to a wall and appliances that supply air distribution as an integrated system. In particular, it includes the following:  
1.1.1 Measurement and calculation of appliance energy inputs, energy exhausted, energy to food, and heat gain to the space adjacent to the hood based on a system energy balance;  
1.1.2 Characterization of capture and containment performance of tested hood, appliance, and replacement air under cooking and non-cooking conditions;  
1.1.4 Parametric evaluation of operational or design variations in appliances, hoods, or supply air system, that is, varying one factor while holding all other factors constant.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.