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ASTM D8007-15e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics

Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure that the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible and drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained. The test specimens are to be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the participating laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data to a probability level chosen before initiation of the testing. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found and corrected, or future test results for that material shall be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The results obtained by this test method may be used to determine if fabrics meet the tolerances for fabric counts given in Specification D3887.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of wale and course counts of weft knitted fabrics. Weft knit fabrics are made on circular or flat-bed knitting machines and include single- as well as double-knit fabric categories. Typical examples of single-knits include jersey and single-pique fabrics; typical double-knits are rib, interlock, and swiss pique fabrics.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to warp knit fabrics such as tricot or raschel.  
1.3 Wale and course counts are to be reported separately.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2015
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D8007-15 - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015
Replaced By
ASTM D8007-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM D3775-17(2023) - Standard Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics
Effective Date
01-Jul-2015

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REDLINE ASTM D8007-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted FabricsREDLINE ASTM D8007-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
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REDLINE ASTM D8007-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D8007 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in March 2016.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of wale and
3.1 For terminology related to fabrics, see Terminology
course counts of weft knitted fabrics. Weft knit fabrics are
D4850.
made on circular or flat-bed knitting machines and include
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this test method:
single- as well as double-knit fabric categories. Typical ex-
count-in knitted fabrics, courses-in knitted fabrics, knitted
amples of single-knits include jersey and single-pique fabrics;
fabric, and wales-in knitted fabrics.
typical double-knits are rib, interlock, and swiss pique fabrics.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.2 This test method is not applicable to warp knit fabrics
method, refer to Terminology D123.
such as tricot or raschel.
1.3 Wale and course counts are to be reported separately.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Thenumberofwalesandthenumberofcoursesperunit
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
distance of a knitted fabric are counted using a suitable ruler,
cal conversions to SI units that are provided for information
magnifyingdevice,ordigitalcamerasystem.Foranillustration
only and are not considered standard.
of a simple knitted fabric wale and course orientation, see Fig.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 1.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 If there are differences of practical significance between
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-
tive tests should be performed to determine if there is a
2. Referenced Documents
statistical bias between them using competent statistical assis-
2.1 ASTM Standards: tance. As a minimum, ensure that the test samples to be used
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
are as homogeneous as possible and drawn from the material
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles from which the disparate test results were obtained. The test
D3887 Specification for Tolerance for Knitted Fabrics
specimens are to be randomly assigned in equal numbers to
2
(Withdrawn 2017) each laboratory for testing. The test results from the partici-
D4850Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
pating laboratories should be compared using a statistical test
Methods for unpaired data to a probability level chosen before initiation
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
of the testing. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found
ASTM Test Methods
and corrected, or future test results for that material shall be
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 The results obtained by this test method may be used to
determineiffabricsmeetthetolerancesforfabriccountsgiven
in Specification D3887.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
6. Apparatus
Specific.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. DOI:
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as a pick glass, ruler,
10.1520/D8007-15E01.
2
microscope, or digital camera system that will allow counting
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. by unit distance.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D8007 − 15
FIG. 1 Wale and Course Orientation in Single Knitted Fabric
Courtesy of Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, Circular Knitting Science Intermediate Workshop Notebook and The Art of Knitting: An Interactive Guide to the Basics of
Knitting educational CD, www.cottoninc.com.
6.2 The use of a stylus, pointer, or pick needle is recom- laboratory sample then at different locations along the length
mended when using a pick glass, ruler, or if the microscope and across the width of the laboratory sample.
does not have a micrometer.
7.2 For garments or textile items t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D8007 − 15 D8007 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Wale and Course Count of Weft Knitted Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8007; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in March 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of wale and course counts of weft knitted fabrics. Weft knit fabrics are made on
circular or flat-bed knitting machines and include single- as well as double-knit fabric categories. Typical fabrics in the single-knit
category examples of single-knits include jersey and single-pique; typical fabrics in the double-knit category single-pique fabrics;
typical double-knits are rib, interlock, and swiss pique.pique fabrics.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to warp knit fabrics such as tricot or raschel.
1.3 Wale and course counts are to be reported separately.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 For terminology related to fabrics, see Terminology D4850.
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this test method: count-in knitted fabrics, course-incourses-in knitted fabrics, knitted
fabric, and wale-inwales-in knitted fabrics.
3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The number of wales and the number of courses per unit distance of a knitted fabric are counted using a suitable ruler,
magnifying device, or digital camera system. For an illustration of a simple knitted fabric wale and course orientation, see Fig.
1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, ensure that the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible and drawn from the material from which the
disparate test results were obtained. The test specimens are to be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D8007-15.10.1520/D8007-15E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
D8007 − 15
FIG. 1 Wale and Course Orientation in Single Knitted Fabric
Courtesy of Cotton Incorporated, Cary, NC, Circular Knitting Science Intermediate Workshop Notebook and The Art of Knitting: An Interactive Guide to the Basics of
Knitting educational CD, www.cottoninc.com.
The test results from the participating laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data to a probability level
chosen before initiation of the testing. If a bias is found, either its cause shall be found and corrected, or future test results for that
material shall be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The results obtained by this test method may be used to determine if fabrics meet the tolerances for fabric counts given in
Specification D3887.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as a pick glass, ruler, microscope,
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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