ASTM A867/A867M-94(1998)e1

Standard Specification for Iron-Silicon Relay Steels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:  Steel Type Nominal Composition 1 1.1 % Si-Fe 1F 1.1 % Si-Fe Free Machining 2 2.3 % Si-Fe 2F 2.3 % Si-Fe Free Machining 3 4.0 % Si-Fe
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 0.250 in. [6.35 mm].
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations.
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.
1.6 The values stated in either customary (absolute (or practical) cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1998
• ICS: 77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.02 - Material Specifications

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: A 867/A 867M – 94 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
Iron-Silicon Relay Steels
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA867/A867M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorially, the phrase “absolute or practical” was removed from 1.6 and coercive force was changed throughout to
coercive field strength in February 1999.
1. Scope Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnoncon-
formance with this specification.
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si)
steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electrome-
2. Referenced Documents
chanicaldevices,suchasrelaysandsolenoids,requiringhigher
2.1 ASTM Standards:
electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity
A34/A34M Practice for Sampling and Procurement of
and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels
Magnetic Materials
or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this
A341 Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties
specification are:
of Materials Using D-C Permeameters and the Ballistic
Steel Type Nominal Composition
Test Methods
1 1.1 % Si-Fe
A596 Test Method for Direct-Current Magnetic Properties
1F 1.1 % Si-Fe free machining
of Materials Using the Ballistic Method and Ring Speci-
2 2.3 % Si-Fe
mens
2F 2.3 % Si-Fe free machining
3 4.0 % Si-Fe
A773 Test Method for D-C Magnetic Properties of Mate-
rials Using Ring and Permeameter Procedures with D-C
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condi-
Electronic Hysteresigraphs
tion required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts
2.2 Other:
typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired
IEC Publication 404-7 Methods of Measurement of the
magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this
Coercivity of Magnetic Materials in an Open Magnetic
specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by
Circuit
the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal
doesnotprovidetheoptimummagneticperformanceandisnot
3. Ordering Information
intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.
3.1 Orders to this specification shall include as much of the
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging
following information as is required to describe the desired
billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and
steel:
cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 0.250 in. [6.35 mm].
3.1.1 ASTM Specification number and steel type,
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels
3.1.2 Dimensions and tolerances. The tolerances are to be
used in transformer and motor laminations.
mutually agreed upon between the consumer and the producer,
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy
3.1.3 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
materials capable of being processed into magnetic core
3.1.4 Form and condition,
components having similar silicon contents.
3.1.5 Magnetic property requirements if they are otherwise
1.6 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and
than stated herein,
inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as
3.1.6 Certification of chemical analysis or magnetic prop-
standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
erty evaluation, or both,
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;
3.1.7 Marking and packaging,
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
3.1.8 End Use—Whenever possible the consumer should
specifywhethertheproductwillbemachined,blankedintoflat
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on
Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.02 on
Material Specifications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.04.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
published as A867–86. Last previous edition A867–86. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
A 867/A 867M – 94 (1998)
pieces, blanked and formed, or deep drawn to shape. This coercimeter. Since coercimeters saturate the test specimen
information will help the producer provide the most suitable before measurement of the coercive field strength, two differ-
product for the consumer’s fabrication practice, and ent sets of requirements are necessary, one for ring and
3.1.9 Exceptions to this specification or special require- permeameter testing and one for coercimeter testing.
ments.
6.2 TestSpecimenHeatTreatment—Thetestspecimenshall
be heat treated before testing as follows; heat at 845 6 10°C
4. Chemical Composition
for4hinawet hydrogen atmosphere (dew point of−20 to
4.1 The chemical composition requirements are shown in
5°C) then cool at a rate of 50 to 100°C/h to a temperature less
Table 1. Since magnetic and, possibly, mechanical properties
than 540°C followed by further cooling at any convenient rate.
are of primary importance, variations in composition from
For heat treatment of Type 3 steels, dry hydrogen (dew point
those shown in Table 1 are permitted by mutual agreement
less than−40°C) shall be used instead of wet hydrogen.
between the consumer and the producer.
6.3 Conventional dc Magnetic Testing:
6.3.1 Either ring or permeameter techniques may be used.
5. Form and Condition
For ring specimens either Test Methods A596 or A773 is
5.1 As the silicon content increases, cold working becomes
permitted. For straight-length specimens, either Test Methods
more difficult, hence, not all product forms are available in
A341 or A773 is permitted.
each type of steel. The desired form and condition should be
6.3.2 Wheneverpossible,testspecimensizeandshapeshall
specified and discussed with the producer to assure receiving
conform to PracticeA34/A34M. The densities of these steels
the appropriate product. Available forms and conditions are:
for testing purposes are listed in Table X1.1.
5.1.1 ForgingBillet(allsteeltypes)—Billetsurfaceground,
6.3.3 Requirements—The coercive force requirements of
grit blasted, or acid cleaned.
5.1.2 Hot-Rolled Product (all steel types)—Hot rolled, hot specimens heat treated in accordance with 6.2 are shown in
Table 2. The coercive field strength shall be measured from a
rolled and acid cleaned, and hot-rolled and mechanically
cleaned. maximum flux density of 10.0 kG [1.00 T].
5.1.3 Cold-Finished Bars—Mill annealed, centerless
6.4 Coercimeter Testing:
ground (all steel types), cold drawn (all grades up to 0.500 in.
6.4.1 Coercimeters are permitted provided it is demon-
(12.7 mm) round), cold-processed shapes such as squares,
strated that flux density in the test specimen reaches at least 15
rectangles, hexagons (all types except Type 3), centerless
kG [1.5 T] during the magnetization cycle and that the test
ground, and machine turned.
metho
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