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ASTM D1972-97(2005)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)

Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This marking system is to provide assistance in identification of products for making subsequent decisions as to handling, recycling, or disposal.
The system is based on standard abbreviated terms relating to plastics published in the ISO 1043 series of standards and in ASTM D 1600.
A system for expanded generic marking is described in nonmandatory Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a system for uniform marking of products that have been fabricated from polymeric materials. Provision for the process or processes to be used for marking is outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1—Precise details of the marking, for example, the minimum size of the item to be marked, the size of the lettering, and the appropriate location of the marking, may be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user.
1.2 The abbreviated terms used are to provide generic identification of the polymer(s).
1.3 This practice is especially pertinent for use with durable plastic components of products. This practice is not intended to supplant, replace, or in any way interfere with the requirements found in legislation for marking or labeling of packaging.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—In many respects, this practice is similar to ISO 11469.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered a system for uniform marking of products that have been fabricated from polymeric materials. Provision for the process or processes to be used for marking is outside the scope of this practice.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this practice was withdrawn in January 2014 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
Withdrawal Date
03-Feb-2014
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.95 - Recycled Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1972-97(2001) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4603-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM F1488-14(2019) - Standard Specification for Coextruded Composite Pipe
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5998-16 - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Shipping and Storage Drums
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4504-94(2018) - Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM D1972-97(2005) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)ASTM D1972-97(2005) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)
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ASTM D1972-97(2005) - Standard Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products (Withdrawn 2014)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1972 − 97(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Practice for
Generic Marking of Plastic Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO/DIS 1043-1 Plastics—Symbols and Abbreviated
1.1 This practice covers a system for uniform marking of
Terms—Part 1: Basic Polymers and Their Special Char-
products that have been fabricated from polymeric materials.
acteristics
Provision for the process or processes to be used for marking
ISO 1043-2 Plastics—Symbols—Part 2: Fillers and Rein-
is outside the scope of this practice.
forcing Materials
NOTE 1—Precise details of the marking, for example, the minimum size ISO 1043-3 Plastics—Symbols—Part 3: Plasticizers
of the item to be marked, the size of the lettering, and the appropriate
ISO/DIS 1043-4 1996 Plastics—Symbols—Part 4: Flame
location of the marking, may be subject to agreement between the
Retardants
manufacturer and the user.
ISO 1087 Terminology—Vocabulary
1.2 The abbreviated terms used are to provide generic
ISO 8604 Plastics—Prepregs—Definition of Terms and
identification of the polymer(s).
Symbols for Designations
ISO 11469 Plastics—Generic Identification and Marking of
1.3 This practice is especially pertinent for use with durable
Plastics Products
plastic components of products.This practice is not intended to
supplant,replace,orinanywayinterferewiththerequirements
3. Terminology
found in legislation for marking or labeling of packaging.
3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nology D883 unless otherwise specified.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 abbreviated term—a term resulting from the omission
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of any part of a term while designating the same concept. (See
ISO 1087.)
NOTE 2—In many respects, this practice is similar to ISO 11469.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—“Abbreviated term” is a general term
2. Referenced Documents
that includes abbreviations, initialisms, and acronyms (initial-
isms that can be pronounced as a word). International Standard
2.1 ASTM Standards:
definitions for each of these terms is included in ISO 1087.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology forAbbreviatedTerms Relating to Plas-
3.2.2 bulk molding compound (BMC)—a product composed
tics
ofthoroughlymixedresinsandchoppedreinforcingfiberswith
D3935 Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and or without particulate fillers, supplied in mass form, capable of
Reinforced Material being molded under heat and pressure. (See ISO 8604.)
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
3.2.3 matrix polymer—the continuous phase in a polymeric
als
blend or alloy.
3.2.4 plastic products—articles or stock shapes of plastic
materials intended for useful purposes.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastics.
3.3 Abbreviations—Abbreviated terms used in this practice
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originally
are from Terminology D1600 and ISO/DIS 1043-1.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1972 - 97 (2001).
DOI: 10.1520/D1972-97R05.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1972 − 97 (2005)
4. Significance and Use flame retardant is indicated by “FR”. The “FR” should be
followed by the code number to identify the flame retardant as
4.1 This marking system is to provide assistance in identi-
shown in Example 2.
fication of products for making subsequent decisions as to
5.4.1 Example 1—For a polyamide 66 containing a mixture
handling, recycling, or disposal.
of 15 mass percentage of mineral powder (MD) and 25 mass
4.2 The system is based on standard abbreviated terms
percentage of glass fiber (GF) use the identification:
relating to plastics published in the ISO 1043 series of
.PA66 2 ~GF251MD15!,
standards and in ASTM D1600.
or:
4.3 A system for expanded generic marking is described in
nonmandatory Appendix X1.
.PA66 2 GF1MD 40,
~ !
5.4.2 Example 2—For the composition of Example 1 that
5. System for Marking Products
also contains red phosphorus as a flame retardant use the
5.1 Plastic products may be marked at some place on the
identificationshownasfollows.Thecodeforredphosphorusis
surface with the abbreviated term(s) set between the punctua-
from ISO/DIS 1043-4.
tion marks “>” and “<” (greater-than or less-than signs,
.PA66 2 ~GF251MD15! 2 FR~52!,
sometimes referred to as reversed angled brackets). For ex-
ample, for products made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
5.4.3 Example 3—For a BMC with 50 mass percentage of
polymer use:
filler (MD) and 25 mass percentage of glass fibers (GF) use the
.ABS, identification:
5.2 Products made from polymer blends or alloys may be .UP ~MD501GF25!,
markedwiththeappropriateabbreviatedtermsfortheconstitu-
5.5 Products that comprise two or more plastic components,
ent polymers that are present in a concentration of more than
some of which are not readily visible, shall be marked so that
one percent with the main component of the matrix in first
the primary visible material is identified first, by the system
place followed by the other components in descending order
specified in 5.1, followed by identification of the other mate-
according to
...

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ASTM D6108-24(Test Method)
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4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastic lumber and shapes when these products are used under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. In the case of some materials, there will be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.  
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4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and shapes, when the entire cross-section is loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens in the “as-manufactured” form are employed. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.
Note 1: This test method was developed for application to plastic lumber materials, but it is generic enough that it would be equally applicable to other plastic composite materials, including wood-plastic composite materials.  
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ASTM D6109-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexural properties determined by these test methods are especially useful for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are suitable for determining the flexural properties for any solid or hollow manufactured plastic lumber product of square, rectangular, round, or other geometric cross section that shows viscoelastic behavior. The test specimens are whole “as manufactured” pieces without any altering or machining of surfaces beyond cutting to length. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber as a product and not a material property test method. Flexural strength cannot be determined for those products that do not break or that do not fail in the extreme outer fiber.
Note 1: This test method was developed for application to plastic lumber materials, but it is generic enough that it would be equally applicable to other plastic composite materials, including wood-plastic composite materials.  
1.2 Test Method A, designed principally for products in the flat or “plank” position.  
1.3 Test Method B, designed principally for those products in the edgewise or “joist” position.  
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5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortion problems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the color of the product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. The black control sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90°F (50°C) for a 45° or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74°F (41°C) for a vertical surface assuming that the measurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.4  
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Note 1: This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee intends to broaden the scope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.
Note 2: There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.  
1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled windows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.  
1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered in Specification F964.  
1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification D3679.  
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1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products compounds are covered in Specification D4216.  
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ASTM D2565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D5418-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,  
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization...

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ASTM
ASTM D6117-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The resistance of plastic lumber and shapes to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic lumber and shapes; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to plastic lumber and shapes or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes; and the temperatures during insertion and withdrawal. These factors will be as circumstances dictate, and representative of the normal manufacturing process.  
6.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of plastic lumber and shapes can be determined. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular plastic lumber and shape, which eliminates the plastic lumber and shapes product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of fastener use with “as manufactured” plastic lumber and shapes through the use of two different testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test  
4 to 13  
Test Method B—Nail, Staple, or Screw Lateral Resistance Test  
14 to 22  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, these test methods would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7211-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for finished parts machined from unplasticized polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) homopolymers containing regrind and recycled polymer intended for general commercial use. This specification does not cover parts machined from PCTFE copolymers, PCTFE films or tapes, or modified PCTFE containing pigments or plasticizers. Nor does it cover PCTFE parts used in aerospace applications involving storage and handling of oxygen media, air media, inert media, and certain reactive media (specifically ammonia, gaseous hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen), wherein dimensional stability, high molecular weight, molecular weight retention, and crystallinity control are important considerations. Materials shall be tested on and conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; melting point; deformation under load; zero strength time (ZST); annealing performance; and dimensional stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out finished machined parts ready for general use.  
1.2 This specification establishes requirements for parts machined from polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) semifinished parts.  
1.3 For aerospace grade, machined PCTFE parts, use Specification D7194.
Note 1: Quick-quenched PCTFE will potentially exhibit dimensional relaxation in the vicinity of Tg = 55°C (131°F).
Note 2: Although no recommendations are made regarding the limiting upper use temperature of PCTFE, the heat deflection temperature of PCTFE as determined by Test Method D648 is 126°C (259°F).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6779-23(Specification)
Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This classification system is similar to ISO 16396-1/-2,
although the technical content is significantly different.
Note 2: The materials covered by this classification system include a subset of polyamides defined as polyphthalamides (PPA) as in 3.2.1, some of which are also classified in ASTM D5336. Specifically, groups 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in this standard are PPA materials. ASTM D5336 gives further details relating to groups 10, 12 and 13.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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