ASTM D71-94(2019)

Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and asphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts with softening points above 70 °C.  
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural fragments free of cracks. The use of cast cubes is not recommended due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D71-94(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4296-24 - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D61-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM D4296-18 - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D61-15 - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4296-83(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D61-75(2010) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4296-83(2009) - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Refers: ASTM D140-01(2007) - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2007
• Refers: ASTM D4296-83(2004) - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Refers: ASTM D61-75(2004) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Refers: ASTM D140-00 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Refers: ASTM D140-01 - Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2001
• Refers: ASTM D61-75(1999) - Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Refers: ASTM D4296-83(1999) - Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D71 − 94 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative
3.1.1 relative density—the ratio of a given volume of
density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts
materialat25 °Ctothemassofanequalvolumeofwateratthe
with softening points above 70 °C.
same temperature (specific gravity).
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be
determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural frag- 4. Summary of Test Method
mentsfreeofcracks.Theuseofcastcubesisnotrecommended
4.1 The sample is suspended from a thin wire and weighed,
due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.
first in air, then submerged in water at 25.0 °C. The relative
density is calculated from these masses.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
5. Significance and Use
standard.
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
asphaltsasoneelementinestablishinguniformityofshipments
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and sources of supply.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 Pan Straddle, suitable for use with an analytical bal-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
ance.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
6.2 Analytical Balance, equipped with a hook above the pan
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and capable of weighing a 20 g specimen to 1 mg.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.3 Water Bath, maintained at 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C and pro-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
vided with mechanical stirring/circulation.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.4 Thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature
of 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C (or other suitable temperature measuring
2. Referenced Documents
instrument).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.5 Nichrome Wire, 0.127 mm diameter or monofilament
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-
nylon fishing line of about the same diameter for attaching
Water Method)
specimen to the balance pan hook.
D140 Practice for Sampling Asphalt Materials
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
7. Bulk Sampling
7.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance
with Practice D140 or Practice D4296, and shall be free of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
foreign substances. Thoroughly mix the sample before remov-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
ing a representative portion for the determination.
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
8. Test Specimens
ɛ1
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D71 – 94 (2015) .
DOI: 10.1520/D0071-94R19.
8.1 Select two fragments of the bulk sample weighing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
between 5 g and 20 g each. Inspect the fragments carefully to
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ensure the use of specimens free of cracks and other surface
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. defects.
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D71 − 94 (2019)
8.2 If the nature of the material is such that specimens c
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