ASTM D4296-83(2015)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
Standard Practice for Sampling Pitch
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error, and the analysis will not represent the true properties of the material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take another sample; whereas, if the sample is properly taken and the analysis is in error, another analysis can readily be made of the original sample.
4.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two purposes:
4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
4.3 A good sampling plan has the following characteristics:
4.3.1 It protects the consumer against the acceptance of a bad batch of material.
4.3.2 It protects the producer against the rejection of a good batch of material.
4.3.3 It gives long-range protection to the consumer.
4.3.4 It encourages the producer to keep his process in control.
4.3.5 It minimizes the cost of sampling, inspection of testing, and administration.
4.3.6 It provides information concerning the quality of the product.
4.4 Sampling Integrity—When one takes a sample, one is attempting to represent a batch or lot of material with that sample. Different forms of pitch, and pitch in different types of containers, need to have different sampling plans and appropriate sampling equipment. Each sampling plan should be designed so that it accomplishes its objective, which is to ascertain the characteristics or quality of a batch or lot of material.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 11.
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´1
Designation: D4296 − 83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Pitch
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—SI units formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope 3.2 Samples of solid pitches are taken from loading
systems, storage, and shipment containers in increments re-
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at
quired to prepare a representative sample for testing.
points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
4.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is
improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the analysis will not represent the true properties of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
another sample; whereas, if the sample is properly taken and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the analysis is in error, another analysis can readily be made of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
the original sample.
statements are given in Section 11.
4.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two
2. Terminology
purposes:
4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 bulk sample—a large sample, either from one place or bulk of the materials sampled, or
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics
made up of several incremental samples of the same material.
which the material possesses.
2.1.2 composite sample—a thoroughly mixed gross sample.
4.3 A good sampling plan has the following characteristics:
2.1.3 gross sample—a large sample made up of several
4.3.1 It protects the consumer against the acceptance of a
portions (increments) of a mass of material.
bad batch of material.
2.1.4 increment—a portion of a material to be combined
4.3.2 It protects the producer against the rejection of a good
with other portions of the same material to provide a larger
batch of material.
sample which will represent the whole material.
4.3.3 It gives long-range protection to the consumer.
2.1.5 representative sample—a part of a homogeneous
4.3.4 It encourages the producer to keep his process in
material, or a part of the composited and mixed portions of a
control.
material, which carries all the true properties and physical
4.3.5 It minimizes the cost of sampling, inspection of
characteristics of the whole material.
testing, and administration.
2.1.6 sample—a part taken as representative of a whole 4.3.6 It provides information concerning the quality of the
material. product.
4.4 Sampling Integrity—When one takes a sample, one is
3. Summary of Practice
attempting to represent a batch or lot of material with that
3.1 Samples of liquid pitches are taken from process lines, sample. Different forms of pitch, and pitch in different types of
storage, and shipment containers in increments required to containers, need to have different sampling plans and appro-
prepare a representative sample for testing. priate sampling equipment. Each sampling plan should be
designed so that it accomplishes its objective, which is to
ascertain the characteristics or quality of a batch or lot of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
material.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
5. Selection of Samples
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
5.1 Pitches shall be sampled by the producer at the point of
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4296 – 83(2009).
DOI: 10.1520/D4296-83R15E01. manufacture or storage, and at such time as to allow the tests
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
controlling acceptance or rejection of quality, as specified by 9.4 Immediately after filling and sealing, the sampling
the consumer, to be made in advance of a shipment. containers shall be properly marked for identification with a
suitable pencil on the container itself, not on the lid.
5.2 Samples of pitches shall be taken by the consumer from
the shipment containers immediately upon delivery and receipt
10. Apparatus
and tests controlling acceptance or rejection of quality, as
described by the consumer’s specifications, shall be made as 10.1 Sampling Equipment for Liquid Materials:
10.1.1 If so equipped, pipe lines and storage tanks may be
soon as possible.
sampled from valves installed in the lines or up the side of the
tanks.Atypical tank valve is shown in Fig. 1, and suitable line
6. Size of Samples
valves are illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
6.1 The sample size of liquid materials shall be as follows:
10.1.2 For sampling tank trucks, a pipe connection with
6.1.1 From process lines, 1 L (1 qt).
attached sample valve similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 may
6.1.2 From bulk storage, 1 L (1 qt) or 1 L aliquot of com-
be inserted between the outlet pipe and unloading line.
posite sample.
10.1.3 A weighted sample bottle similar to those shown in
6.1.3 From bulk shipment containers, 1 L (1 qt) or 1 L
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, or a “thief sampler” as shown in Fig. 6,ora
aliquot of composite sample.
“dip sampler” similar to that shown in Fig. 7, may be used to
6.1.4 From barrels or drums, 0.5 L (1 pt) or 0.5 L aliquot of
sample production and storage tanks, tank cars, and tank
composite sample.
trucks.
10.1.4 A “tube” or “thief” sampler may be used to sample
6.2 The sample size of solid materials shall be as follows:
materials in drums or barrels.
6.2.1 From storage area, 4 L (1 gal) or 4 L aliquot of
composite sample.
10.2 Sampling Equipment for Solid Materials:
6.2.2 From bulk shipment containers, 4 L (1 gal) aliquot of
10.2.1 Samples from loading systems may be taken with a
composite sample.
shovel, metal or plastic scoop, or metal can.
6.2.3 From barrels or drums, 0.5 L (1 pt) or 0.5 L aliquot of
10.2.2 A shovel may be used to sample storage bins, pitch
composite sample.
piles, pitch bays, hopper cars, and dump trucks.
10.2.3 A sampling spear as shown in Fig. 8 may be used to
7. Collection of Gross Sample
sample materials in drums, barrels, bags, and silos.
7.1 Acollection of gross sample represents a lot or batch of 10.3 Sampling Containers:
material and is composed of a number of increments. 10.3.1 Containers for liquid materials shall be wide-mouth
cans with line screw caps or triple-seal friction-top cans.
7.1.1 Collect the increments regularly and systematically, so
that the entire quantity of pitch sampled will be represented
proportionately in the gross sample, and with such frequency
that a gross sample of the required amount will be collected.
8. Size of Increments
8.1 To collect samples, use a shovel or specially designed
tool or mechanical means for taking equal portions or incre-
ments. When samples are collected from the surface of loaded
shipments, the gross sample shall consist of nine increments of
approximately equal quantity. When sampling from piles,
conveyer belts, and so forth, the gross sample shall consist of
not less than 25 nor more than 50 increments of approximately
equal quantity.
9. Protection and Preservation of Samples
9.1 Sample containers shall be new or reusable containers
which can be thoroughly cleaned with a solvent and wiped dry
with a clean dry cloth.
9.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becom-
ing contaminated. Immediately after filling, hot liquid sample
containers shall be positively covered, but not tightly sealed.
Containers of solid materials shall be tightly and positively
sealed.
9.3 While sampling during inclement weather, attention
shall be paid to prevent water from dropping into the hot liquid
sample or samples of solid materials. FIG. 1 Typical Submerged Sampling Device
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 2 In-Line Sampling Device
FIG. 3 Pipeline Sampler
10.3.2 Containers for formed pitches or crushed solid pitch containers suitable for handling, or substantial strength paper
shall be triple-seal friction-top cans, sealable plastic or paper
bag which can be stapled closed.
cartons with inert inside coating, plastic sacks placed in other
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 4 Weighted Sampling Can
10.4 Mixing Equipment for Solid Materials: 11.2 For prolonged exposure to the presence of pitch vapors
10.4.1 Section of clean canvas or plastic sheet of sufficient or pitch dust, a suitable respirator mask should be worn to
size to contain a large bulk sample which is to be reduced by avoidinhalationofpitchvaporsordust.Itisrecommendedthat
mixing and quartering. an appropriate barrier cream be applied to exposed areas of the
10.4.2 A “riffle” as shown in Fig. 9 may be used for skin.
reducing gross samples to smaller sizes for testing.
11.3 Sampling from rail cars shall be avoided when there is
10.4.3 A “shovel” may be used to reduce gross samples to
a possibility of shunting operations taking place. It is recom-
smaller sizes by mixing and quartering as shown in Fig. 10.
mended that flags be placed on both ends of the car to prevent
10.5 Mixing Equipment for Liquid Materials:
accidental movement during sampling.
10.5.1 Sample sizes of 4 L (1 gal) or less can be mixed by
11.4 It is recommended that no fewer than two persons be
thorough stirring with a metal rod or wide blade metal paddle.
present when samples are taken from hot bulk vessels such as
10.5.2 A heavy duty electric stirrer is recommended for
storage tanks, tank cars, and tank trucks.
sample volumes over 4 L (1 gal) to 20 L (5 gal) in size.
12. Sampling Liquid Pitch
11. Hazards
11.1 The sampler shall wear protective clothing, goggles, 12.1 The following three sampling methods are recom-
and rubber or heat-resistant gloves to protect oneself from mended for sampling vertical tanks not capable of being
accidental contact with hot liquid pitch. agitated:
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
NOTE 1—This type sampler is lowered into the tank with the stopper in place. When the desired depth is reached, the stopper is removed by means
of the attached wire, cord, or chain and the container allowed to fill. Complete filling is indicated by the cessation of bubbles of air from the can at the
surface of the liquid. The sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents poured into the clean sampler container. A clean can (bottle) must
be used for each sample taken.
FIG. 5 Throw-Away Container Sampler
12.1.1 Sample-Valve Method—Locate valves, with easy and pull the stopper by means of an attached chain. When the
safe access provided, on the side of the tank with the first in the
material fills the bottle, lift out of the liquid and empty into a
top third of the tank, but no higher than 1 m (3 ft) from the top; clean container. Drain the bottle as completely as possible,
thesecondinthemiddleofthetank;andthethirdinthebottom
re-insert the stopper, lower into the material to the next
third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1 m (3 ⁄2 ft) from the sampling depth.
bottom. A recommended design of the sample valve is shown
12.1.3.2 Normally, there is not enough undrained residue
in Fig. 1. Draw a minimum of 4 L (1 gal) of the product from
from the first sample to affect the properties of the next sample
each sample valve for test or composite.
taken from a different level. However, if substantial material
12.1.2 Thief Sampling Method—Take samples at the top,
difference is suspected at various levels of the material, discard
middle and lower sections of the tank by lowering a thief
the first of successive samples to rinse the bottle and then
sampler into the material. A satisfactory type with instructions
return the bottle to the same level for another sample.
for use is shown in Fig. 6. The samples may be tested
12.1.3.3 The three samples may be tested separately for
separately or combined and mixed thoroughly for a composite
consistency to detect stratification or they may be combined,
analysis.
thoroughly mixed, and a 1 L to 4 L ( ⁄4 gal to 1 gal) aliquot of
12.1.3 Weighted Sample Bottle Method—Take samples at
the composite taken for determining the average characteristics
the top, middle, and lower sections of the tank by lowering the
of the material.
bottle into the material. Two types of weighted sampling
bottles are illustrated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. 12.2 Sampling Bulk Storage Tanks Equipped with Mechani-
12.1.3.1 The essential feature of the method is to drop the cal Agitators or Recirculating Pumps—When the tank is
stoppered bottle into the material to the desired depth, and then equipped with operating mechanical agitators or recirculating
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
about 0.3 m (1 ft) below the surface of the liquid and carefully
remove. Use a clean container to take each sample, and then
transfer the material sampled to another clean container for
retention and testing.
12.3.2 If incremental samples are required for subsequent
composite, samples may be taken as described in 12.1.2 or
12.1.3.
12.3.3 When tank cars or tank trucks are being loaded or
unloaded, samples may conveniently be taken from the pipe
line through which material is flowing by insertion of a
sampling pipe into the rising section of the pipe line on the
discharge side of the pump, or in a completely filled line in
which gravity creates the material’s flow.
12.3.3.1 A suitable in-line sampling pipe is shown in Fig. 2
and Fig. 3. Turn the opening of the sampling pipe to face the
flow of the liquid. Provide the pipe with a valve or plug cock
and discharge into a sample receiver. Before the sample is
taken, draw 4 L (1 gal) of the material from the pipe valve and
NOTE 1—This type sampler is lowered into the tank with bottom valve
discard.
open (there is no top closure). When the desired depth is reached, the
lowering chain is given a snap tug which closes the bottom valve. The 12.3.3.2 Takesamplesof1 L(1 qt)atsuchfrequencyduring
sampler is then withdraw
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4296 − 83 (Reapproved 2009) D4296 − 83 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Pitch
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—SI units formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling pitch at points of manufacture, storage, and delivery.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 11.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 bulk sample—a large sample, either from one place or made up of several incremental samples of the same material.
2.1.2 composite sample—a thoroughly mixed gross sample.
2.1.3 gross sample—a large sample made up of several portions (increments) of a mass of material.
2.1.4 increment—a portion of a material to be combined with other portions of the same material to provide a larger sample
which will represent the whole material.
2.1.5 representative sample—a part of a homogeneous material, or a part of the composited and mixed portions of a material,
which carries all the true properties and physical characteristics of the whole material.
2.1.6 sample—a part taken as representative of a whole material.
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Samples of liquid pitches are taken from process lines, storage, and shipment containers in increments required to prepare
a representative sample for testing.
3.2 Samples of solid pitches are taken from loading systems, storage, and shipment containers in increments required to prepare
a representative sample for testing.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Sampling is as important as testing. If the sampling is improperly done, the sample of the material will be in error, and the
analysis will not represent the true properties of the material, and it may be impossible or impracticable to take another sample;
whereas, if the sample is properly taken and the analysis is in error, another analysis can readily be made of the original sample.
4.2 Samples may be taken for either of the following two purposes:
4.2.1 To represent as nearly as possible an average of the bulk of the materials sampled, or
4.2.2 To ascertain the maximum variation in characteristics which the material possesses.
4.3 A good sampling plan has the following characteristics:
4.3.1 It protects the consumer against the acceptance of a bad batch of material.
4.3.2 It protects the producer against the rejection of a good batch of material.
4.3.3 It gives long-range protection to the consumer.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009April 1, 2015. Published November 2009May 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D4296–83(2004).D4296 – 83(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4296-83R09.10.1520/D4296-83R15E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D4296 − 83 (2015)
4.3.4 It encourages the producer to keep his process in control.
4.3.5 It minimizes the cost of sampling, inspection of testing, and administration.
4.3.6 It provides information concerning the quality of the product.
4.4 Sampling Integrity—When one takes a sample, one is attempting to represent a batch or lot of material with that sample.
Different forms of pitch, and pitch in different types of containers, need to have different sampling plans and appropriate sampling
equipment. Each sampling plan should be designed so that it accomplishes its objective, which is to ascertain the characteristics
or quality of a batch or lot of material.
5. Selection of Samples
5.1 Pitches shall be sampled by the producer at the point of manufacture or storage, and at such time as to allow the tests
controlling acceptance or rejection of quality, as specified by the consumer, to be made in advance of a shipment.
5.2 Samples of pitches shall be taken by the consumer from the shipment containers immediately upon delivery and receipt and
tests controlling acceptance or rejection of quality, as described by the consumer’s specifications, shall be made as soon as possible.
6. Size of Samples
6.1 The sample size of liquid materials shall be as follows:
6.1.1 From process lines, 1 L (1 qt).1 L (1 qt).
6.1.2 From bulk storage, 1 L (1 qt) or 1-L1 L (1 qt) or 1 L aliquot of composite sample.
6.1.3 From bulk shipment containers, 1 L (1 qt) or 1-L1 L (1 qt) or 1 L aliquot of composite sample.
6.1.4 From barrels or drums, 0.5 L (1 pt) or 0.5-L0.5 L (1 pt) or 0.5 L aliquot of composite sample.
6.2 The sample size of solid materials shall be as follows:
6.2.1 From storage area, 4 L (1 gal) or 4-L4 L (1 gal) or 4 L aliquot of composite sample.
6.2.2 From bulk shipment containers, 4 L (1 gal) 4 L (1 gal) aliquot of composite sample.
6.2.3 From barrels or drums, 0.5-L (1 pt) or 0.5-L0.5 L (1 pt) or 0.5 L aliquot of composite sample.
7. Collection of Gross Sample
7.1 A collection of gross sample represents a lot or batch of material and is composed of a number of increments.
7.1.1 Collect the increments regularly and systematically, so that the entire quantity of pitch sampled will be represented
proportionately in the gross sample, and with such frequency that a gross sample of the required amount will be collected.
8. Size of Increments
8.1 To collect samples, use a shovel or specially designed tool or mechanical means for taking equal portions or increments.
When samples are collected from the surface of loaded shipments, the gross sample shall consist of nine increments of
approximately equal quantity. When sampling from piles, conveyer belts, and so forth, the gross sample shall consist of not less
than 25 nor more than 50 increments of approximately equal quantity.
9. Protection and Preservation of Samples
9.1 Sample containers shall be new or reusable containers which can be thoroughly cleaned with a solvent and wiped dry with
a clean dry cloth.
9.2 Care shall be taken to prevent the sample from becoming contaminated. Immediately after filling, hot liquid sample
containers shall be positively covered, but not tightly sealed. Containers of solid materials shall be tightly and positively sealed.
9.3 While sampling during inclement weather, attention shall be paid to prevent water from dropping into the hot liquid sample
or samples of solid materials.
9.4 Immediately after filling and sealing, the sampling containers shall be properly marked for identification with a suitable
pencil on the container itself, not on the lid.
10. Apparatus
10.1 Sampling Equipment for Liquid Materials:
10.1.1 If so equipped, pipe lines and storage tanks may be sampled from valves installed in the lines or up the side of the tanks.
A typical tank valve is shown in Fig. 1, and suitable line valves are illustrated in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
10.1.2 For sampling tank trucks, a pipe connection with attached sample valve similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 may be
inserted between the outlet pipe and unloading line.
10.1.3 A weighted sample bottle similar to those shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, or a “thief sampler” as shown in Fig. 6, or a “dip
sampler” similar to that shown in Fig. 7, may be used to sample production and storage tanks, tank cars, and tank trucks.
10.1.4 A “tube” or “thief” sampler may be used to sample materials in drums or barrels.
10.2 Sampling Equipment for Solid Materials:
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 1 Typical Submerged Sampling Device
10.2.1 Samples from loading systems may be taken with a shovel, metal or plastic scoop, or metal can.
10.2.2 A shovel may be used to sample storage bins, pitch piles, pitch bays, hopper cars, and dump trucks.
10.2.3 A sampling spear as shown in Fig. 8 may be used to sample materials in drums, barrels, bags, and silos.
10.3 Sampling Containers:
10.3.1 Containers for liquid materials shall be wide-mouth cans with line screw caps or triple-seal friction-top cans.
10.3.2 Containers for formed pitches or crushed solid pitch shall be triple-seal friction-top cans, sealable plastic or paper cartons
with inert inside coating, plastic sacks placed in other containers suitable for handling, or substantial strength paper bag which can
be stapled closed.
10.4 Mixing Equipment for Solid Materials:
10.4.1 Section of clean canvas or plastic sheet of sufficient size to contain a large bulk sample which is to be reduced by mixing
and quartering.
10.4.2 A “riffle” as shown in Fig. 9 may be used for reducing gross samples to smaller sizes for testing.
10.4.3 A “shovel” may be used to reduce gross samples to smaller sizes by mixing and quartering as shown in Fig. 10.
10.5 Mixing Equipment for Liquid Materials:
10.5.1 Sample sizes of 4 L (1 gal) 4 L (1 gal) or less can be mixed by thorough stirring with a metal rod or wide blade metal
paddle.
10.5.2 A heavy duty electric stirrer is recommended for sample volumes over 4 L (1 gal) to 20 L (5 gal) 4 L (1 gal) to 20 L
(5 gal) in size.
11. Hazards
11.1 The sampler shall wear protective clothing, goggles, and rubber or heat-resistant gloves to protect oneself from accidental
contact with hot liquid pitch.
11.2 For prolonged exposure to the presence of pitch vapors or pitch dust, a suitable respirator mask should be worn to avoid
inhalation of pitch vapors or dust. It is recommended that an appropriate barrier cream be applied to exposed areas of the skin.
11.3 Sampling from rail cars shall be avoided when there is a possibility of shunting operations taking place. It is recommended
that flags be placed on both ends of the car to prevent accidental movement during sampling.
11.4 It is recommended that no fewer than two persons be present when samples are taken from hot bulk vessels such as storage
tanks, tank cars, and tank trucks.
12. Sampling Liquid Pitch
12.1 The following three sampling methods are recommended for sampling vertical tanks not capable of being agitated:
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 2 In-Line Sampling Device
FIG. 3 Pipeline Sampler
12.1.1 Sample-Valve Method—Locate valves, with easy and safe access provided, on the side of the tank with the first in the
top third of the tank, but no higher than 1 m (3 ft) 1 m (3 ft) from the top; the second in the middle of the tank; and the third in
the bottom third of the tank, but no lower than 1.1 m 1.1 m (3 ⁄2 ft) from the bottom. A recommended design of the sample valve
is shown in Fig. 1. Draw a minimum of 4 L (1 gal) 4 L (1 gal) of the product from each sample valve for test or composite.
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
FIG. 4 Weighted Sampling Can
12.1.2 Thief Sampling Method—Take samples at the top, middle and lower sections of the tank by lowering a thief sampler into
the material. A satisfactory type with instructions for use is shown in Fig. 6. The samples may be tested separately or combined
and mixed thoroughly for a composite analysis.
12.1.3 Weighted Sample Bottle Method—Take samples at the top, middle, and lower sections of the tank by lowering the bottle
into the material. Two types of weighted sampling bottles are illustrated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
12.1.3.1 The essential feature of the method is to drop the stoppered bottle into the material to the desired depth, and then pull
the stopper by means of an attached chain. When the material fills the bottle, lift out of the liquid and empty into a clean container.
Drain the bottle as completely as possible, re-insert the stopper, lower into the material to the next sampling depth.
12.1.3.2 Normally, there is not enough undrained residue from the first sample to affect the properties of the next sample taken
from a different level. However, if substantial material difference is suspected at various levels of the material, discard the first of
successive samples to rinse the bottle and then return the bottle to the same level for another sample.
12.1.3.3 The three samples may be tested separately for consistency to detect stratification or they may be combined, thoroughly
mixed, and a 11 L to 4-L4 L ( ⁄4 gal to 1-gal)1 gal) aliquot of the composite taken for determining the average characteristics of
the material.
12.2 Sampling Bulk Storage Tanks Equipped with Mechanical Agitators or Recirculating Pumps—When the tank is equipped
with operating mechanical agitators or recirculating pumping systems which are performing adequate mixing of the tank contents,
take a single sample by any of the methods described in 12.1.1, 12.1.2, or 12.1.3 to use for test purposes.
12.3 Sampling Tank Cars and Tank Trucks:
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D4296 − 83 (2015)
NOTE 1—This type sampler is lowered into the tank with the stopper in place. When the desired depth is reached, the stopper is removed by means
of the attached wire, cord, or chain and the container allowed to fill. Complete filling is indicated by the cessation of bubbles of air from the can at the
surface of the liquid. The sampler is then withdrawn from the tank and the contents poured into the clean sampler container. A clean can (bottle) must
be used for each sample taken.
FIG. 5 Throw-Away Container Sampler
12.3.1 Samples of hot liquid materials may be taken by the dip method using a clean wide-mouth or friction-top can in a suitable
holder or firmly attached to a metal rod. One such dip apparatus is shown in Fig. 7. Quickly lower the dip sample about 0.3 m
(1 ft) 0.3 m (1 ft) below the surface of the liquid and carefully remove. Use a clean container to take each sample, and then transfer
the material sampled to another clean container for retention and testing.
12.3.2 If
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