ASTM D5419-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded Plastic Closures
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded Plastic Closures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes, applied torque, and stress-crack agents.
Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated failure time in this test to failure time in the field for actual packaging systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress cracking (ESC).
1.2 In use, threaded plastic closures can contact agents that appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form. Examples of such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures include the closure material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and applied stress.
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is particularly applicable to closures made from plastics based on polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and 6.2.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
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Designation: D5419 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded
1
Plastic Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2911Specification for Dimensions and Tolerances for
Plastic Bottles
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of
D3198Test Method forApplication and Removal Torque of
threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress
Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
cracking (ESC).
E145Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.2 In use, threaded plastic closures can contact agents that
Ventilation Ovens
appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form. Examples
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
of such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack
3. Terminology
resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures include the
3.1 Definitions—Except for those terms below, see Termi-
closure material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and
nologies D883 and D1600.
applied stress.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is
3.2.1 assembly—closure applied to a bottle finish.
particularlyapplicabletoclosuresmadefromplasticsbasedon
polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS).
3.2.2 failure—during this test, any visible crack.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A crack does not have to penetrate the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
closure wall to be considered a failure.
standard.
3.2.3 finish—fixturerepresentingthethreadedportionofthe
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bottle.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.4 threaded closure—part applied to seal bottle as speci-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- fied in Specification D2911.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4. Summary of Test Method
tionary statements are given in Section 8 and 6.2.
4.1 This test method consists of applying closures at a
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
specified application torque to rigid finishes (of polysulfone or
other appropriate resin), immersing the assembly in a potential
2. Referenced Documents
stress-cracking agent, and observing and reporting time-to-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
failure.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
5. Significance and Use
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
5.1 This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable
tics
variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes,
applied torque, and stress-crack agents.
5.2 Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
failure time in this test to failure time in the field for actual
Molded Products.
packaging systems.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5419–95(2003).
6. Apparatus
DOI: 10.1520/D5419-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Wide-Mount Gallon Jars, glass, PET, or other suitable
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
material. Must have lined closures to ensure air-tight seal. Use
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. one jar per sample.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5419 − 09
NOTE 1—Tolerances for Dimensions T, E, and S shall be in accordance with Specification D2911.
FIG. 1 Typical Fixture
NOTE 2—To ensure that full crystallization has essentially been
6.2 Circulating-Air Oven, capable of maintaining a tem-
achieved, PP-based closures should condition for at least three weeks
perature of 50 6 1°C (critical in this application). See
before testing and PS closures for at least 16 h.
Specification E145 for a procedure for confirming satisfactory
NOTE 3—To convert lbf-in. torque to Nm torq
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5419–95 (Reapproved 2003) Designation:D5419–09
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Threaded
1
Plastic Closures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method determines the susceptibility of threaded plastic closures to failure due to environmental stress cracking
(ESC).
1.2 TIn use, threaded plastic closures in use may can contact agents that appreciably reduce the stress at which cracks form.
Examples of such agents are: soaps, detergents, oils, and liquid bleaches.
1.3Other major 1.3 Major factors that influence environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) of threaded plastic closures
areinclude the closure material(s), closure design, molded-in stress, and applied stress.
1.4 This procedure can be applied to all closures, but is particularly applicable to closures made from plastics based on
polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS). It may also apply to other polymers.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Note 2and 6.2.
NOTE1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject of this test method. 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D2911 Specification for Dimensions and Tolerances for Plastic Bottles
D3198 Test Method for Application and Removal Torque of Threaded or Lug-Style Closures
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation Ovens
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Except for those terms below, see Terminologies D883 and D1600.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 assembly—closure applied to a bottle finish.
3.2.2 failure—during this test, any visible crack.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—A crack does not have to penetrate the closure wall to be considered a failure.
3.2.3 finish—fixture representing the threaded portion of the bottle.
3.2.4 threaded closure—part applied to seal bottle as specified in Specification D2911.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of applying closures at a specified application torque to rigid finishes (of polysulfone or other
appropriate resin), immersing the assembly in a potential stress-cracking agent, and observing and reporting time-to-failure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D5419–95. DOI:
10.1520/D5419-95R03.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5419 – 95(2003). DOI:
10.1520/D5419-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5419–09
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method compares closures for ESCR. Suitable variables are: closure materials, closure designs, processes, applied
torque, and stress-crack agents.
5.2 Results can be used for estimating shelf life of closures in terms of ESCR. This requires that the user has calibrated failure
time in this test to failure time in the field for actual packaging systems.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Wi
...
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