ASTM D5562-95(2018)

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2018
• ICS: 71.080.40 - Organic acids
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.08 - Fats and Oils

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5562-95(2011) - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM D5350-95(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D5350-95(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Refers: ASTM D5350-95(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2006
• Refers: ASTM D5350-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Refers: ASTM D5350-95 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995

Overview

ASTM D5562-95(2018) specifies the Standard Test Method for Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is utilized to measure the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils, even when ammonium or triethanolamine soaps are present, through calculations from total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids. The method is essential for ensuring quality assurance in industries where the control of acidity in treated oils is critical, such as in leather manufacturing and related chemical processes.

This international standard aligns with globally recognized principles of standardization, assuring compatibility and regulatory acceptance across borders.

Key Topics

• Acid Number Determination: Measurement of acidity as free fatty acids is performed in samples containing ammonium or triethanolamine soaps by calculating differences between total alkalinity and the sum of free and alkali-combined fatty acids.
• Applicability: The method is intended for sulfonated and sulfated oils, playing a crucial role in monitoring chemical states during processing.
• Quality Assurance: It supports quality control protocols for processed oils to ensure product consistency and compliance with specification requirements.
• Use of Standard Laboratory Apparatus: The method describes the use of Erlenmeyer flasks with air condensers and glass beads for accurate and safe testing.
• Reagents: Specifies the use of ethyl ether, methyl orange indicator, sodium chloride, and standardized solutions of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid for titration and sample preparation.
• Safety Considerations: Users must implement proper safety, health, and environmental protection practices when conducting the test.

Applications

• Leather Industry: The main application is in the leather sector, where monitoring the acidity of processed oils ensures that sulfonated and sulfated oils meet required quality standards for further leather manufacturing.
• Industrial Oil Formulations: The standard applies to quality assurance for formulated oils used in industrial applications, such as lubricants or textile processing, where control of free fatty acids and acid number is important.
• Process Control: Chemical laboratories utilize this method for routine checks and validation during production, helping to identify and address deviations in oil treatment processes.
• Compliance and Certification: Organizations adopting this standard demonstrate adherence to international quality and safety protocols, supporting product certification and global trade.

Related Standards

For comprehensive assessment and supporting methodologies, the following standards are commonly referenced alongside ASTM D5562-95(2018):

• ASTM D5350: Test Method for Determination of Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
• Other ASTM Leather and Oil Standards: Ensure compatibility with related tests on chemical composition and quality control.
• World Trade Organization TBT Agreement: This standard was developed in line with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles for international acceptance.

Keywords: ASTM D5562, acidity determination, free fatty acids, acid number, sulfonated oils, sulfated oils, ammonium soaps, triethanolamine soaps, leather quality assurance, industrial oil testing, international standards, laboratory procedures.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5562 − 95 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Acidity as Free Fatty Acids/Acid
Number in the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine
Soaps
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5562; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as 4.1 The apparatus required consists of a glass flask provided
free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or trietha- with a glass stopper and an air condenser. The connection
nolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or between the flask and the condenser shall be a ground joint.
sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and Perforated glass beads shall be used to prevent bumping.
free-and-alkali combined fatty acids. 4.1.1 Flask—An Erlenmeyer flask (Fig. 1) made of a boro-
silicate glass, having a capacity of approximately 300 mL and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
provided with a glass stopper.
standard.
4.1.2 Condenser, consisting of a glass tube, 915 mm (36 in.)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in length and 8 mm ( ⁄16 in.) in outside diameter.The lower end
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the tube shall be flared and ground to fit the mouth of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Erlenmeyer flask.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1.3 Glass Beads—Perforated glass beads, made of chemi-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cally resistant glass, approximately 4 mm ( ⁄32 in.) in diameter.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Before using, the glass beads shall be boiled thoroughly in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
several portions of water or until the wash water reacts neutral
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
to a methyl orange indicator.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Reagents
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Ethyl Ether.
5.2 MethylOrangeIndicatorSolution(1g/L)—Dissolve 0.1
2. Referenced Documents
g of methyl orange in 100 mL of water.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 Sodium Chloride (NaCl), solid.
D5350 Test Method for Determination of Organically Com-
bined Sulfuric Anhydride by Titration, Test Method A
5.4 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (1 N)—
Accurately prepare and standardize a 1 N sodium hydroxide
3. Significance and Use
(NaOH) solution. Express the strength or concentration of the
solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1 mL of 1 N NaOH solution
3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination
is equivalent to 56.1 mg of KOH.
of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the
purpose of quality assurance.
5.5 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (0.5 N)—
Accurately prepare and standardize a 0.5 N NaOH solution.
Express the strength of the solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
mLof 0.5 N NaOH solution is equivalent to 28.05 mg of KOH.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.08 on Fats and Oils. This test
5.6 SulfuricAcid,Standard(0.5N)—Accuratelyprepareand
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Method H 52-1956).
standardize a 0.5N sulfuric acid (H SO ) solution. Express the
2 4
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
strength of the solution as mg of KOH per mL; 1 mL of 0.5 N
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5562 – 95(20
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